时态的11种具体用法

八种常用时态+三种不常用时态的具体用法

1、一般现在时2、一般过去时3、现在进行时4、过去进行时5、一般将来时6、过去将来时7、现在完成时8、过去完成时…(秦宏玲〕一般现在时〔simplepresenttense)表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every(day等),once/twice,a(week等),on(Sunday等)，inthe(morning等)。如：TheygotothePalaceMuseumonceayear.Theyoftendiscussbusinessintheevening.②

表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：Theearthturnsroundthesun.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.③表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：ThetrainforHaikouleavesat8：00inthemorning.

④在时间状语从句中(以when,after,before,while,until,assoonas等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：PleaseringmeupassoonasyouarriveinGermany.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.

⑤

一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come,go为主。如：Herecomesthebus.Theregoesthebell.⑥

一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Nowthemidfieldplayercatchestheballandhekeepsit.⑦

人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like,love,hate,dislike,want,wish,hope,think(认为),understand,remember,forget,mean,need,hear,feel,see.

如：Ithinkitisgoingtosnow.Ireallyhopeyoucanenjoyyourstayhere.

一般过去时(pastindefinitetense)

表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。①表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at(eight)(yesterdaymorning),(tenminutes)ago,when引导的时间状语从句。如：Igotupat6：00thismorning.LittleTombrokethewindowathalfpastninethismorning.

Whenhewentintotheroom,hesawastrangertalkingwithhisfather.②表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday,last(year等),in(1998等)。如：Hecametoourcityintheyear2000.③表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…,in…,from…to…,often,usually,sometimes,always,等。如：MrJacksonusuallywenttoeveningschoolswhenhewasyoung.

Everydayhewenttotherichmanandborrowedbooksfromhim.④讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：IhappenedtomeetRoseinthestreet.(我正好在街上遇到露西)一般将来时(simplefuturetense)

表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this(afternoon),next(year),oneday,now,soon,someday,sometime,inthefuture,when引导的从句等。②用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall〞用于第一人称,“will〞用于所有人称。如：Iwillgraduatefromthisschoolsoon.YouwillstayaloneafterIleave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)③“am/is/aregoingto+动词原形〞表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/areto+动词原形〞表示安排或方案中的动作〔在正式文体中，这个结构常用于命令、规定、通知或本卷须知〕。如：Amantoldthemthatthewomanwastogivebirthtothespecialbaby.It’sgoingtorainsoon.Visitorsaretoleavewhenthebellrings.④表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：Iwillgotothelabtogetsomechemicals(化学药剂).SopleasewaituntilIreturn.⑤现在进行时〔come,go,leave,arrive,begin…)、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)Samhasalreadymadehisplans.He’sleavingatnoontomorrow.Wewillgoshoppingifitdoesn'train.⑥shall和will在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：ShallwegotothezoonextSaturday?Willyoupleaseopenthedoorforme?⑦“beaboutto+动词原形〞表示已经决定而且立即要做的事情(不能跟具体的时间状语连用〕。如：Tomisabouttostarthisnewjob.I’mnotabouttoapologizetohim.过去将来时(pastfuturetense)

过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形〞构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would+动词原形〞。②过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later,soon,thenext(day).Hetoldmehewouldcomeherelater.③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如：HepromisedthathewouldpaymealotifIhelpedhimwiththeproject.Everytimewhenhewasfree,hewouldsitdownandreadsomebooks.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/weregoingto(+动词原形)。如：Shetoldmeshewouldbe18thenextmonth.Shetoldmethatshewasgoingtohaveawalkwithherpetdog.⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：Whenitrainedintheday,hewouldbringanumbrellawithhim.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)现在进行时(presentcontinuoustense)

现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。①现在进行时由“助动词be(amisare)+现在分词〞构成。②现在进行时的时间状语有：now,this…,these…等,但经常不用。如：Whatareyoudoingunderthetree?(Iamwritingalongnovelthesedays.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)③表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come,go,stay,leave,spend,do等。如：I’mcomingnow.(我就来)Whatareyoudoingtomorrow?Heisleavingsoon.(他就要走了)④表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：Heisalwaysborrowingmoneyfrommeandforgettingallaboutitsometimelater.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)过去进行时(pastcontinuoustense)

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。①过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词〞构成。②过去进行时的时间状语有：then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday,at(eight)yesterday(morning),

以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：Hewascookingsupperthistimeyesterday.ThelittlegirlwasplayingwithhertoywhenIsawher.③用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：Shesawithappenwhenshewaswalkingpast.(她路过时看到事情的发生)Theysangalotofsongswhiletheywerewalkinginthedarkforest.④也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：Hewasalwaysborrowingmoneyfrommewhenhelivedhere.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)现在完成时(presentperfecttense)

现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。①在完成时由“助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词〞构成。Isawthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilm.②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already,yet,just,once,twice,ever,never,threetimes,before等。如：Ihaveneverseensuchfinepicturesbefore.HehasjustgonetoEngland.③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for(twoyears),since1990,since(twoweeksago)和since引导的状语从句。如：Ihavebeenawayfrommyhometownforthirtyyears.UncleWanghasworkedinthefactorysinceitopened.④口语中havegot往往表示have(有)的意思。如：Theyhavegotthousandsofbooksintheirlibrary.(他们图书馆有上万本书)⑤havebeento与havegoneto的区别：havegoneto(“已经去了〞)表示人不在这里,havebeento(“去过〞)表示人在这里。如：--WhereisMrLi?–HehasgonetotheUK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)--DoyouknowsomethingaboutBeijing?–Yes,IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表：瞬间性动词的完成时→延续性动词或状态动词的完成时have(already)goneto…=havebeenin/at…for(twoyears)；hascometo…=hasbeenhere/since(1990);(had)left…=(had)beenawayfrom…

;

arrived…=beenin…;

died=beendead;

begun=beenon;

ended=beenover;

bought...=had…;

borrowed…=kept…;

joined…=beenin…

或者使用下面这个句型：Itis/hasbeen+(多久)+since+主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语现在完成进行时

(presentperfectcontinuoustense)

现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是：“have/has+been+动词的现在分词〞。如：Ihavebeenswimminginthecoldwaterforabouttwohours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitinghere?(你在这里一直等了多久？)Ihavekept/hadthisbookforaweek.

过去完成时(pastperfecttense)

过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之,过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去〞。①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词〞构成。②过去完成时时间状语有：by(yesterday),bythen,bytheendof(last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already,just,once,ever,never等词语,也会有for…或since…构成的时间状语。如：Theyhadalreadyfinishedcleaningtheclassroomwhentheirteachercame.Thewomanhadleftbeforeherealizedshewasacheat.(在他觉察那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：AfterIhadputonmyshoesandhat,Iwalkedintothedarkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)Hesaidthathehadneverseenakangaroobefore.

过去完成进行时

(pastperfectcontinuoustense)1、强调过去特定时间之前发生的事情存在了一段时间或一直继续着，可用过去完成进行时。如：Wehadbeenwaitingforthreehourswhenwewereallowedtoenter.2、过去完成进行时也可表示较早发生的一个持续动作。Hereyeswereredbecauseshehadbeencrying.将来完成时(futureperfecttense)如果事情尚未发生，但在将来某个特定时刻之前会发生，可用将来完成时，常和by短语连用，by的意思是“不迟于〞。如：We’llhavefinishedbytomorrowafternoon.Maybebythetimewegettothestationthetrainwillhavealreadyleft.将来完成进行时

(futureperfectcontinuoustense)表示该事情到将来某个时刻已持续了一段时间，可用将来完成进行时。如:I’llhavebeenteachingforthirtyyearsinJuly.(到七月，我教书就满30年了。〕Exercises:1.After

searching

for

half

an

hour,

she

realized

that

her

glasses_______

on

the

table

all

the

time.

A.

were

lain

B.

had

been

lain

C.

have

been

lying

D.

had

been

lying

3.Ever

since

the

family

moved

to

the

suburbs

last

year,

they_______

better

health.

A.

could

have

enjoyed

B.

had

enjoyed

C.

have

been

enjoying

D.

are

enjoying

4.I

bought

a

new

house

last

year,

but

I________

my

old

house

yet,

so

at

the

moment

I

have

two

.

A.

did

not

sell

B.

have

not

sold

C.

had

not

sold

D.

do

not

sell

5.By

the

time

you

get

to

Beijing

tomorrow,

I_______

for

Shanghai.

A.

shall

have

left

B.

am

leaving

C.

will

leave

D.

have

already

left

1.IdecidedtogotothelibraryassoonasI_______.

A.finishwhatIdid

B.finishedwhatIdid

C.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

D.finishedwhatIwasdoing2.IsupposethatwhenIcomebackintenyears’timeallthoseoldhouses_______down.

A.willhavebeenpulled

B.willhavepulled

C.willbepulling

D.willbepulled1.Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshe_______toolong.

A.hadread

B.read

C.isreading

D.hasbeenreading

2.---“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo’clocktonight?〞

---“I’msorry,Mr.Williams______toaconferencelongbeforethen.〞

A.hadgone

B.wouldhavegone

C.hasgone

D.willhavegone

4.BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,we______herefortwodays.

A.willhavestayed

.

B.shallstay

C.havebeenstaying

D.havestayed

5.Suchcrimesmaybesocomplexthatmonthsoryearsgobybeforeanyone_______them.

A.discovered

B.willdiscover

C.wouldhavediscovered

D.discoversExercises:1.Weveryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.(2021新课标全国Ⅱ,7)A.leaveB.hadleftC.wereleavingD.haveleft3.Jimalatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.(2021陕西,17)A.watchedB.hadwatchedC.waswatchingD.wouldbewatching4.I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyoutheotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?(2021安徽,24)A.advertisedB.hadadvertisedC.areadvertisingD.willadvertise7.Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,heitforaverylongtime.(2021辽宁,22)A.hashadB.hadhadC.hasD.had10.Peterhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,butthatplanaftertheunpleasantexperienceinCanadain2021.(2021浙江,13)A.hadabandonedB.abandonedC.abandonD.willabandon12.Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers.(2021山东,34)A.willleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.wereleaving15.—Whendidthecomputercrash?—Thismorning,whileIthereadingmaterialsdownloadedfromsomewebsites.(2021福建,24)A.havesortedB.wassortingC.amsortingD.hadsorted20.—BobhasgonetoCalifornia.—Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe?(2021北京,32)A.hasleftB.leftC.isleavingD.wouldleave21.—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—No,Imyhomeworkalldayyesterday.(2021新课标全国,21)A.wasdoingB.woulddoC.haddoneD.do1.Ifwenowtoprotecttheenvironment,we’lllivetoregretit.(2021新课标全国Ⅰ,24)A.hadn’tactedB.haven’tactedC.don’tactD.won’tact2.WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butImymind.(2021新课标全国Ⅰ,27)