2016年高考真题英语(北京卷)

2016年高考真题英语（北京卷）单选题（本大题共15小题，每小题 分，共 分。）Jack inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.[1分]AworksBhasworkedCwasworkingDwouldworkIlivenextdoortoacouple childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.[1分]AwhoseBwhyCwhereDwhich—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?—ThenewStarWars.We hereformorethantwohours.[1分]AwaitedBwaitCwouldbewaitingDhavebeenwaitingYoursupportisimportanttoourwork. Youcandohelps.[1分]AHoweverBWhoeverCWhateverDWherever5.I halfoftheEnglishnovel,andI，lltrytofinishitattheweekend.[1分]AreadBhavereadCamreadingDwillread6. iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you，dbetterkeepthiscardathand.[1分]AMadeBMakeCMakingDTomake7.Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen, he，sinhisnineties.[1分]AaslongasBasifCeventhoughDincase8. overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.[1分]AOrderingBToorderCHavingorderedDOrderedThemostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis onecanbeentirelydust.[1分]AwhatBthatCwhetherDwhyThestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts successintheend.[1分]ArewardedBwererewardedCwillrewardDwillberewardedIlovetheweekend,becauseI getupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.[1分]Aneedn’tBmustn’tCwouldn’tDshouldn’tNewly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet, theoldtownintoadreamland.[1分]AturnBturningCtoturnDturned13.Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic___ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.[1分]AbecauseBbeforeCunlessDuntil14.Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou___me,Icouldhavehelped.[1分]AtoldBhadtoldCweretotellDwouldtell15.Iamnotafraidoftomorrow, IhaveseenyesterdayandIlovetoday.[1分]AsoBandCforDbut完型填空（本大题共20小题，每小题 分，共 分。）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。ARaceAgainstDeathItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNorthAlaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20thofthatmonth,Dr.Welch aSickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious（传染的）diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick. ,theclosestsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetownswasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldntcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldnttravelontheroads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidntexistyet. January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twemtymorewere.Nomestownofficialscameupwitha（n） .TheywouldhavethemedicinesentbyfromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogeled（狗拉雪rt）drivers—knownas“mushers”-wouldittoNomeinarelay（接力）.TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight. hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannonsfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31，amushernamedSeppalahadto afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemost partofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould ,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsonwblockedhis.Hehadtoleavethetrail（雪橇痕迹）togetaroundthem.Conditionsweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto thetrailagain.TheonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen’sleaddog,Baltoputhisnosetotheground, tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledonthetrail.IfBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforNome.Theminutespassedby.Suddenly,Baltobeganto .HehadfoungthetrailAt5:30amonFebruary2,Kaasenandhisdog inNome.Withinminutes,Dr.Welchhadthemedicine.Hequicklygaveittothesickchildren.Allofthemrecoverd.Nomehadbeen .16.[1分]AexaminedBwarnedCinterviewedDcured17.[1分]AharmlessBhelplessCfearlessDcareless18.[1分]AMoreoverBThereforeCOtherwiseDHowever19.[1分]AairportBstationCharborDborder20.[1分]AnarrowBsnowyCbusyDdirty21.[1分]FromBOnCByDAfter22.[1分]AtiredBupsetCpaleDsick23.[1分]AplanBexcuseCmessageDtopic24.[1分]AairBrailCseaDroad25.[1分]AcarryBreturnCmailDgive26.[1分]AThoughBSinceCWhenDIf27.[1分]AenterBmoveCvisitDcross28.[1分]AshamefulBboringCdangerousDfoolish29.[1分]AescapeBbleedCswimDdie30.[1分]AmemoryBexitCwayDdestination31.[1分]AfindBfixCpassDchange32.[1分]ApretendingBtryingCaskingDlearning33.[1分]ArunBleaveCbiteDplay34.[1分]AgatheredBstayedCcampedDarrived35.[1分]AcontrolledBsavedCfoundedDdeveloped阅读理解（本大题共小题，每小题 分，共 分。）阅读下列短文：从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。ADearAlfred，Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150at17,I’manythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADIID（注意力缺陷多动障碍）.Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousaboutthecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantpre-collegecourses.WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’t.So,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2012whenIdiscoveredtheonlinecomputercoursesofyourtrainingcenter.Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvancedMathematics.Currently,I’mlearningyourProbabilitycourse.Ihavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinself-writtennotesfromyourvideo.Thishasgivenmeapurpose.Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.Luckily,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamahead.IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mycompetitors.Thankyou.You’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI’mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.Yours,Tanis36.whydid’tTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?[2分]AShehadlearnedenoughaboutcomputerscienceBShehadmoredifficultykeepingfoucesedCShepreferredtakingonlinecoursesDShewastooslowtolearn37.ASfortheworkingenvironment,Tainsprefers .[2分]A.workingbyherselfBdealingwiththepublicCcompetingagainstothersDstayingwithADHDstudents38.Taniswrotethisletterinorderto .[2分]AexplainwhyshewasinterestedinthecomputerBsharetheideasshehadforherprofessionC.showhowgratefulshewastothecenterDdescribethecoursesshehadtakensofarBSurvivingHurricaneSandy（飓风桑迪）NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohalp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars（创痕）ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”39.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound .[2分]AsomefriendshadlosttheirlivesBherneighborhoodwasdestroyedCherschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynDtheelderlywerefreefromsuffering40.Accordingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?[2分]AThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildBThepeopletrappedinhigh_risebuildingCThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosuevivorsDLocalteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople41.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?[2分]AShegavehertoystothekidsBShetookcareofyoungerchildrenCShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpDShebuiltaninformationsharingplatform42.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?[2分]ALittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceBAfriendinneedisafriendindeedCEastorWest,homeisbestDTechnologyispowerCCaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecoveryCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwindlengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning（铅中毒）nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution（电死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freedcondorsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisonoushasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney（肾）failuresanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”43.Californiacondorsattractresearchers’interestbecausethey .[2分]AareactiveatnightBhadtobebredinthewildCarefoundoninCaliforniaDalmostdiedoutinthe1980s44.Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare .[2分]Ablockingcondors’journeyhomeBbigkillersofCaliforbniacondorasCrestplacesforcondorsatnightDusedtokeepcondorsaway45.AccordingtoParaghaph5,leadpoisoning .[2分]AmakescondorstoonervoustoflyBhaslittleeffectoncondors’kidneysCcanhardlybegottenridofformcondors’bloodDmakesitdifferentforcondorstoproducebabybirds46.Thepassageshowsthat .[2分]AtheaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactoryBRideout’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineeringCtheeffortstoprotectcondorsbavebroughtgoodresultsDresearchershavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblemDWhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy（自主性）andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsandarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasa fromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbotheintellectually（在思维方面）andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredondebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity（群体）differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined（规定）andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent’sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.47.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?[2分]ASympatheticBDisapprovingCSupportiveDNeutral48.Theunderlinedword“passage”inParaghaph2means .[2分]AchangeBchoiceCtextDextension49.Accordingtotheanthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?[2分]AtodevelopasharedidentityamongstudentsBtodefineandregulatestudents’socialbehaviorCToprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudentsDTofosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment50.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?[2分]A补全信息（本大题共5小题，每小题 分，共 分。）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimesWedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtasking. Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring. AsthequalityofRisk-takingwaspassedfromonrationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetoneKilled.Afewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit. Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourWillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears. Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.Meantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisersyourtoleranceforriskaswell. Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Th