高考语法填空考点总结

PAGEPAGE4语法填空考点分析提示词形式动词谓语动词时态（八大时态）语态（主动语态&被动语态）非谓语动词现在分词过去分词不定式形容词与副词的比较级或最高级词性转换（名词&动词&形容词&副词）词义转换（派生词）纯空格形式冠词（a/an/the）介词(in,on,at,behind,for,with,from...)代词人称代词（主格&宾格）物主代词（形容词性物主代词&名词性物主代词）反身代词指示代词（this，that，these,those）不定代词（some,other,another,both,...）疑问代词连词从属连词名词性从句定语从句状语从句并列连词（but,however,so,and,...）固定短语或句型有提示词的解题技巧一：谓语动词：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。1.Hisfearoffailure_______(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedexcitedly.kept2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closed3.Threepeople____(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic..weretaken4.Shetoldhimthatshe________(bring)himthewaterintenminutes.wouldbring二、非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词、过去分词，还是不定式。非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。技巧一：作主语或宾语，通常用现在分词形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。1.Butitisnotenoughonly_______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填tomemorize。2._____________(speak)outyourfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed.解析：句中已有谓语won’tmake，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。技巧二：作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。1.______________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.解析：因句中已有谓语willhavetowork，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填Tocomplete。2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_______(succeed).解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填tosucceed。技巧三：作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。1.Hesawthestone,____________(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,______________(follow)bytheforeignguests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。3.Therewillbeameeting,___________(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.解析：因ameeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明ameeting，故填starting。4.Lessons_______________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.解析：因句中已有谓语canhelp，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。特别提醒有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather__________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：括号中所给词choose虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。谓语动词与非谓语动词的比较练习：Heenteredtheroom，__________(hold)abookinhishand.holdingHeenteredtheroomand_________(hold)abookinhishand.heldIpolitelyrefusedherinvitationand___________(walk)away.walkedIpolitelyrefusedherinvitation，___________(walk)away.walkingAboy__________(call)Jackcameheretoday.called(im)possible(im)polite(un)happy(un)healthy(un)kindcare(less)home(less)use(less)（dis)likeWhatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.__1__,thesurestwaytosuccessistokeepyourdirectionandstick__2__yourgoal.Onyourwaytosuccess,you__3__keepyourdirection.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessand__4__(help)youovercomeobstaclesonyourway.__5__,youwilleasilygetlostorhesitatetogoahead.Directionmeansobjectives.Youcangetnowhere__6__anobjectiveinlife.Youcantrytowriteyourobjectiveonpaperandmakesomeplanstoachieve__7__.Onlyinthisway__8__youknowhowtoarrangeyourtimeandtospendyourtime__9__(proper)．Andyoushouldalsohaveabelief__10__youaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.【解析】本文告诉我们，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。1．However与前句是转折关系，空格前后都有标点，用副词however。2．tostickto意为“坚持”。3．must由语境揣摸出作者的语气，句意为：在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。4．helping与guiding并列，一起补充说明alamp，故用现在分词。5．Otherwise由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知，要填表示“否则”的otherwise。6．without句意：人生如果没有目标，你将一事无成。7．itit指代yourobjective。8．will/can句意：只有这样，你才会知道……9．properly修饰动词spend作状语用副词。10．that引导同位语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，且意义完整，故填that。语法填空：纯空格的解题技巧一、冠词（一）不定冠词a，an的用法1表示泛指，泛指任何的、不限定的或首次提到的人或事物Longlongaago,therewas______littlegirlwholivedwithsevenlittleman.a2表示“每一”，相当于every,oneWestudyeighthours______day.aa和an的区别：a用于辅音开头的单词前，an用于元音开头的单词前Thereis____“u”intheword”use”.Asweallknow,____hourisequalto60minutes.（二）定冠词the的用法：1表特指(1）特指上文已提到过的人或事物Thereisapenhere._____penismine.用于带后置定语的名词前，表示特定的人或事物Thewaterin_____bottleisclean.(3)特指说话双方都知道或能体会到的人或事物Pleaseturnon____radio.2表类指(1)用于形容词前表示一类人____richand____poorshouldbetreatedequal.(2)用于分词前表示一类人Thedoctoristakingcareof_____injuredand_____dying.thedying垂危的人(3)与单数可数名词连用表类别_____horseisausefulanimal.3表独指用于世上独一无二的事物名词前____earthturnsaround____sun.4惯用法(1)用于乐器名称前Hebegantoplay_____violinattheageofsix.(2)表示“一家人”或“夫妇”___Greens格林一家/格林夫妇(3)用于序数词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级前Ofthetwocoats,Iprefer____cheaperone.(4)用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前____UnitedStates____People’sRepublicofChina(5)用于江河、海洋、山脉等名词前____HimalayaMountains,___YellowRiver,____TaiwanIsland(6)用于方位名词前in___east/west/north/south(7)用于世纪的某个年代in____1990’s/1990s在20世纪90年代冠词练习：Hetalkedtousin____unusualway.anIsatnexttothemanandintroducemyself.Wehad___amazingconversation.anOnemorninghewaswalkingalongthestreetwhenastrangerstoppedhim.”Well,”answered_____stranger,“areyoustillwillingtotakeachance?”theJohn,thereis____Mr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.AAyoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.____waterwassweet.The二、介词介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on，in，at，with，by，through等。如果名词、代词前是空格，且该名词或代词不是作主语、宾语、或表语，而更多是作状语时，很可能填介词。另外，含有介词的固定搭配要积累。1、Ididn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn’tlikeleavinghim_______hisowneither.ononone’eown=byoneself独自地，靠自己地2、Theyoungmanwenthome________ahappyheart.with3、Hewasverytired________doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappy.from/after4、Ifyoustillhaven’tgotamotto,pleasechooseonebecauseamottocanhaveagreatinfluence_____you.on5、Themachineworks____itself.by6、It’sunbelievablethatJohnfelloffthetruck_______beinghurt.without7、Rosewaswildwithjoy_____theresultoftheexam.as8、Assoonasheenteredtheroom,hetook____hiscapandsatdown.off9、Thenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1000to1200.Thismeansthatithasrisen______20percent.by三、代词代词的种类繁多，包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等，其中近年来对代词it在句中指代事物,作形式主语或形式宾语的用法较常见。如果句子缺少主语或宾语，那一定是填名词或代词，名词一般都是词性变换，所以没给出提示词的，一般都是填代词。Scientistsinthefuturewillcertainlyfindotherwaystomakelifelastlonger.______willfindcuresformorediseases.缺人称代词，且作主格，填TheyAsateenager,Tomspentsummersworkingasalifeguard.Fortyyearslater,_____becametheoldestpresident.缺人称代词，且作主格，填he“Iamdisappointedthatyouliedtome,Jack.Iamangry,notwith____,butwithmyself.”Dadsaid.缺人称代词，且作宾格，填you4.Tomisakind-heartedman,soyoucanask______forhelp.缺人称代词，且作宾语，填him5.Theboyhadmisunderstoodthedoctor.Hethoughtthathewasgoingtogivehissisterall____blood.缺形容词性物主代词，填his6.Hereismydictionary.Maybe______isonthetable.Ifyoustillcan’tfindit,youmayaskyourmotherforhelp.缺主语，且没有提示词，所以根据句意，缺名词性物主代词，填yours7.CouldIborrowyoupen?Yes,help________.缺反身代词，填yourself.8.Byplayinggames,theycannotonlyacquireknowledge,butalsocultivatetheirabilitiestogetalongwith_______.Others9.Ofthetwoforeignguests,oneisfromLondon,______isfromNewYork.Theother10.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike______?”it11..Sherememberedhowdifficult_______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.12.Ithink_____necessarythatwedrinkplentyofwatereveryday.it四、连词如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。并列连词：包括表转折but，while,however,or,otherwise；并列and；因果because，so等连词。从属连词：包括that,who,which,where,when,as等。Heansweredallmyquestions_____wetalkedforoveranhour.andIpatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseat_____tookadeepbreathtohelprelaxmyself.andIthoughtwewouldbelatefortheconcert,____weendedupgettingthereaheadoftime.butYouhavefailedtwotests.You’dbetterstartworkingharder,____youwon’tpassthecourse.orI’dliketostudylawatuniversity________mycousinprefersgeography.whileTheywantedtocharge$5,000forthecar,_______wemanagedtobringthepricedown.butPeoplefromblackcountryareveryfriendly.________,theirlocaldialectisdifficulttounderstand.However五、固定搭配或句型1.根据强调句结构“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩下部分”判断空格处填it还是that._____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatmeat.ItItwasinthepark_____Jackmetyoursisteryesterday.that2.如果句子结构完整，空格后是谓语动词且谓语动词原形，而且上下文时态和谓语形式不是很一致时，则考虑以下两种情况：（1）填表示强调的助动词However,anawfulaccident________happenyesterday.didAsweallknow,Mary_____practicespeakingEnglisheveryday.does以only+状语（从句）位于句首,句子要部分倒装句，即把be动词、助动词提到主语的前面。Onlythen____IrealizethatIwaswrong.didOnlyinthisway___youabletodoitwell.areIwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,patience,positivethinkingandperseverance,wereasurepath1__________success.Butthisadvicedoesnotalwaysworkasplanned.Myhighschoolmathsexamisoneexample.Theexam,2_________wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,3__________(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.This,4__________,didn’tbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax5__________.Butmymoodchangedquickly______Isawthefirstquestion.Ihadnoideahowtodoit.Itriedtostaypositive7__________Ifinallyfoundthesolution.Withtheproblem8___________(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.9___________(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft10___________(complete)therest.1.to2.which3.waschanged4.however5.myself6.when/as22.until8.solved9.Unfortunately10tocompleteMorethan2000yearsago,therelivedayoungmanintheShoulingareaoftheStateofYan.1______(lack)self-confidence,hewas2_____alossastohowtobehaveallthetime.3______thedayswentby,he4_______(feel)thathiswalkinggesturesweretooclumsyandawkward.Oneday,hemetsomepeopleontheroadwhowerechattingandlaughing.5______ofthemsaidthatpeopleinHandanwalked6________(grace).Andthatwasjust7_____hewasmostconcernedabout,sohewenttoHandan，8_______wasfaraway,tolearnhowtowalk.AssoonashearrivedinHandan,helearnedfromthechildrentherehowtowalk,9_______hethoughtthatthechildren’swalkinggestureswerelively.Helearnedfromtheoldpeopletherehowtowalk,becausehethoughttheoldpeople'swalkinggesturesweresteady.Helearnedfromthewomentherehowtowalk,becausehethoughtthewomen'swavingwalkinggestureswerebeautiful.Thatbeingthecasewithhim,inlessthanhalf10______monthheevenforgothowtowalk.Ashehadalreadyuseduphistravelingexpenses,hehadtocrawl.1.Lacking。因he与lack是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语，表示原因。2.at。固定短语：ataloss茫然，不知如何是好。asto至于，关于3.As。引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”。4.felt。由上下文可知，用一般过去时。5.One。指其中之一，用故oneofthem。6.gracefully。修饰动词作状语，用副词gracefully。7.what。引导表语从句并在从句中作about的宾语，故用连接代词what。8.which。引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语,只能用which。9.because。10.a。搭配：halfamonth半个月。Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.______31____waterwassweet.Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoelder_______32____hadbeenhisteacher.Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_____33___.(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled____34_____(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome____35______ahappyheart.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet__36___studenttastethewater.Hespititout,__37___(say)itwasawful.Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleathercontainer.Heaskedhisteacher,”Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike___38____?”

Theteacherreplied,”Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe___39___(sweet).”

Weunderstandthislessonbest____40___wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.Whetheritisacheappipeonadiamondnecklace,theproperresponseisappreciation.Welovetheideawithinthegiftratherthanthething.10年：31题：The定冠词。32题：who考定语从句关系代词的用法。另，一直在怀疑elder前边是不是漏词了…这是高考题，这是高考题……33题：presented考动词时态。34题：warmly考词性转换，形容词变副词。35题：with考介词。“开开心心地回家了”36题：another让另一个学生喝这个水。考不定代词。37题：saying考非谓语动词用法。38题：it考代词，指物的那个。39题：sweeter形容词比较级的用法，“没有什么比这个更甜”，“这是最甜的水”40题：when。OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttolocalmusicfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment16(late)thatday.Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme17thebusarrived.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman18(sit)atthefront.He19(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.Hemustbe20(mental)disabled.Behindhimwereotherpeopleto21hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutes22walkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyedIdidn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn’tlikeleavinghim23hisowneither.AfterawhileIrosefrommyseatandwalkedtothefrontofthebus.Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad24amazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.I’mgladImadeachoice.Itmade25ofusfeelgood.laterlaterthatday那天晚些时候，常见用法，不难。until朋友陪我走到公交站台，一直等到公交车到来。sitting现在分词做宾补，表示正在进行。pretended考察时态。mentally修饰形容词，用副词。太基础。whom本句为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，表示人用whom，表示物用which，介词的选择根据动词搭配，本句为talktotheyononhisown=byhimselfanbothbothofus我们大家。