外研版2019高中英语选择性必修第三册unit 5learning from nature共7份打包

Unit

5Learning

from

nature素养导航Dame

Zaha

Hadid,the

Iraqi-born

British

architect

whose

tallstructures

left

a

markon

skylines

andimaginations

around

theworldand

in

theprocess

reshaped

architecturefor

the

modernage.She

was

not

an

average

designer.She

liberated①architecturalgeometry(几何),giving

it

awhole

new

expressive

identity②.Geometry

became,in

her

hands,a

vehicle

for

unprecedented(无先例的)and

eye-popping

new

spaces.Her

buildings

elevated

uncertainty

toan

art,conveyed

in

the

odd③

ways.Her

work

implying④

mobility,speed,freedom

and

uncertainty

spoketo

a

worldview

widely

shared

by

a

younger

generation.“I

am

not

aEuropean.I

don’tdo

conventional⑤

workandIamawoman.”Strikingly

Ms

Hadid

neverallowed

herself

onher

work

tobecategorized

by

her

background

or

her

gender.In

2004,she

became

thefirst

woman

to

win

the

Pritzker

Prize,architecture’s

Nobel.Zaha

Hadidwasborn

inBaghdadon

October31,1950.Thenin1972,shearrivedatthearchitectural

associationinLondon,acentre

forexperimentaldesign.Herteachers

includedElia

Zenghelis

and

RemKoolhaas.“They

aroused⑥

my

ambition,”

she

would

recall,“andtaught

metotrusteven

mystrangest

instincts.”By

the1980sshe

hadestablished

her

own

practice

in

London.And

she

began

todrawattention

with

an

unrealised

planin

1982-1983

for

the

PeakClub.Her

partner,Patrick

Schumacher,played

an

instrumental

andcollaborative

role

in

her

career.Mr

Schumacher

coined

the

termparametric(参数的)

design

to

include

the

computer-based

approachthat

helped

the

firm’s

most

weird

concepts e

reality.Her

sources

were

nature,history

or

whatever

she

sought

useful.When

her

Rosenthal

Centre,a

relatively

modest

project,openedin

2003,Herbert

Muschamp,the

architecture

critic

declared

it

“the

mostimportant

American

building

to

becompleted

since

the

end

of

thecoldwar”.“She

was

bigger

thanlife,a

force

of

nature,”

as

Amale

Andraos,thedean

of

Columbia

University’s

architecture

school,put

it,“she

was

apioneer.”She

wasforwomen,forwhatcitiescan

desiretobuildandfortheartofarchitecture.词海拾贝①liberate

v.解放②identity

n.身份③odd

adj.古怪的④imply

v.暗示⑤conventional

adj.传统的,常规的⑥arouse

v.鼓励,唤醒典句欣赏She

liberated

architectural

geometry,giving

it

a

whole

new

expressiveidentity.译文:她解放了建筑几何学,赋予它一种全新的表现身份。分析:该句子主干为She

liberatedarchitecturalgeometry;giving

itawholenewexpressive

identity是结果状语。探究思辨What

does

her

workimply?What

inspired

her

to

make

more

new

creations?答案:1.Her

work

implies

mobility,speed,freedomanduncertainty.2.Nature,history

or

whatever

she

sought

useful.Section

AStarting

out

&

Understanding

ideasⅠ.知识体系图解重点词汇lotus

n.

莲花,荷花

termite

n.

白蚁

mound

n.

土堆,土丘

pine

cone

n.

松果,松球

waterfront

n.

滨水地区

plumbing

n.

管道系统biomimicry

n.

仿生学

dioxiden.

二氧化物

mimic

v.模仿

superb

adj.极好的,出色的

convert

v.使转变;使转换3.o重点短语take...for

granted

认为……理所当然be

fedwith

受够了

转换inharmonywith

与……和谐

stick

with

与……在一起

reduce

to

减少到

be

used

to

习惯 learnfrom

从……学到 regard

as

把……当作base

on

建立在……基础上 associate

with

与……有联系 respond

to

对……做出反应 an

example

of

……的例子重点句式It

is

natural

to

think

in

thisway,butof

course

it

wasn’t

the

umbrellathat

inspired

the

flower

or

the

roof

that

inspired

the

pine

cone.Ⅱ.阅读导学A.划分部分,匹配大意。The

passage

can

be

divided

into

3parts.Part

1:Paragraph

1Part

2:Paragraphs2-5Part

3:Paragraph

6Part

1Part

2Part

3A.Live

in

harmonywith

nature.B.Some

examples

for

thetopic.C.Nature

gives

us

muchinspiration.答案:Part1—C Part

2—B Part

3—AB.根据课文内容,选择正确答案。1.Which

of

the

following

famous

architectural

designs

is

an

exceptionof

humans

getting

inspiration

from

nature?A.Sagrada

Familia

inBarcelona.B.ArtScience

Museum

in

Singapore.C.The

Great

Wall

in

China.D.The

Algae

House

in

Germany.答案:C2.Which

of

the

following

was

designed

to

show

the

connectionbetween

nature

and

themodern

cityenvironment

?A.Beijing’s

Water

Cube.B.ArtScience

Museum,Singapore.C.The

Eastgate

Centre,Harare.D.The

Algae

House.答案:BWhich

ofthe

followingis

Nottrue

accordingto

thepassage?In

ArtScience

Museum

visitors

are

often

amazed

to

findthemselvesin

a

rural

building

that

so

truly

captures

the

beauty

of

natural

forms.The

EastgateCentre

reduces

theneed

for

traditionalairconditioningand

heating

systems,so

the

building

uses

less

energy

and

costs

less

torun.The

Algae

House

uses

ways

to

make

natural

organisms

part

of

abuilding.ArtScience

Museum

is

an

example

ofexploring

ways

to

capturethebeauty

of

natural

forms.答案:A4.Afterreadingthepassage,wecansafelyconcludethat

.A.an

open

flower

resembles

anumbrellaB.a

pine

cone

looks

much

like

the

tiles

on

a

roofC.we

build

all

kinds

of

buildings

to

meet

needs

of

people

D.architects

continue

to

explore

ways

to

mimic

the

way

nature

works答案:D重点词汇1.Nature

has

inspired

many

of

the

most

fascinating

designs

aroundus,includingthoseinarchitecture.大自然激发了我们周围许多令人着迷的设计,包含许多建筑。(p.50)【词汇精讲】inspire为及物动词,表示“使产生某种感情或者反应;给人灵感”,同时它还有“鼓励,激励”之意。名词为inspiration;形容词inspired表示“卓越的”,inspiring表示“鼓舞人心的,启发灵感的”。The

story

wasinspired

bya

chance

meeting

withan

oldRussianduke.这个故事的创作灵感来自与一位俄国老公爵的不期而遇。Inspiredby

the

sunny

weather,I

decided

to

explore

the

woods.阳光明媚的天气让我决定去森林里寻幽探胜。

Kingwasagreatoratorandan

inspiringleader.金是伟大的演说家和鼓舞人心的领袖。【词汇拓展】inspire

sbto

do

sth激发某人做某事

draw

inspiration

from从……中吸取灵感under

theinspirationofsb在某人的鼓舞下

He

draws

inspiration

from

ordinary

scenes.他从日常生活中获得灵感。2.Shaped

to

resemble

a

lotus

flower,it

appears

to

float...被塑造成莲花的形状,它似乎漂浮……(p.51)【词汇精讲1】shape在该句子中为动词,表示“塑造,使成形”,作名词时,表示“形状,外形”。People’s

politicalbeliefs

are

shaped

by

what

they

see

in

thepapers.人们的政治观点受他们所读的报纸的影响。

Wecan

recognise

a

tree

by

the

shape

of

itsleaves.我们可以根据树叶的形状判断是什么树。【词汇拓展】shapeup改进行为或者工作get/knock

sb/sth

into

shape把某人训练好,使某物达到标准

take

shape成形in

theshape

of以……的形状

shapeless不成形的,无定形的

in

shape健康状况良好out

of

shape健康状况不好

keep/stay

in

shape保持健康An

idea

was

beginning

to

take

shape

in

hismind.一个想法开始在他的脑子里形成。

Help

camein

the

shape

of

money.

帮助以钱的形式到来。【词汇精讲2】appear在该句子中表示“似乎”的含义,常用于appearto

do

sth这一结构,表示“似乎要做某事”。appear还有“出现;显露”的意思。Police

say

there

appear

to

be

signs

of

a

break-in.警方称似乎有破门而入的迹象。

Two

faces

appeared

at

our

window.两张面孔出现在我们的窗口。【词汇拓展】Itappears

that...

……显得appear

from

nowhere/out

of

nowhere突然冒出来

appearance

n.出现,露面physical

appearance外表

judge

by

appearance以貌取人disappear

v.消失,不见

disappearance

n.消失,不见It

appeared

that

she

had

committed

suicide.她像自杀。

The

car

seemed

to

appear

fromnowhere.这辆车好像是突然间从哪里冒出来的。3.To

use

biomimicry

is

to

create

structures

based

on

natural

forms

andprocesses.利用仿生学就是创造建立在自然形式和进程上的结构。

(p.51)【词汇精讲】base

在该句子中为动词,表示“以……为基础”,常用于

bebasedon这一结构中。base还有“以……为据点,把(总部等)设在”之意。The

newspaper

hadintended

to

base

itself

inLondon.这家报纸本打算把基地设在伦敦。【词汇拓展】base...on...在……的基础上建立

base

n.底部,根基;大本营There

isaholein

the

base

ofthe

tree.树的底部有个洞。They

werelaying

the

base

for

aneweconomic

recovery.他们正在为经济的再次复苏打基础。They

base

their

relationship

on

mutualrespect.他们以相互尊重为基础。4.At

night,the

heat

absorbed

by

the

wall

during

the

day

warms

thecool

air,creating

a

comfortable

temperature

inside.晚上,墙在白天吸收的热量让屋子暖和,创造了内部的一种舒适的温度。(p.51)【词汇精讲1】absorb为动词,表示“吸收”,同时它还有“理解;吸引”之意。Plants

absorb

nutrients

from

thesoil.植物从土壤中吸收养分。Her

capacityto

absorb

information

is

amazing.她接收信息的能力令人称奇。【词汇拓展】absorption吸收;专心致志;全神贯注absorbsth

intosth

把……吸收入/并入……be

absorbed

in专心致志于I

don’tunderstandJames’

absorptionwith

military

history.我不理解詹姆斯为何对军事历史那么着迷。The

surrounding

villages

have

been

absorbed

into

the

growingcity.周围的村庄已经并入了那个不断扩展的城市。Judy

lay

on

the

sofa,absorbed

ina

book.朱迪躺在沙发上,专心致志地看书。【词汇精讲2】create

v.创造,创建;发明Some

people

believe

that

the

universe

was

created

by

a

bigexplosion.有些人认为宇宙是通过一次大爆炸创造出来的。The

dish

was

created

by

aFrenchman.这道菜是由一个法国人创造出来的。【词汇拓展】creator

n.创造者creative

adj.创造性的;创造的creativity

n.创造性,创造力The

writer

described

the

creative

process.这位作家叙述了创作的过程。【微写作】The

creator

is

full

of

creativity.He

creates

many

useful

things

forpeople.5.The

panels

also

capture

heat

fromthe

sun

and

convert

itinto

energythatpowersthebuilding.金属板也吸收太阳的热量并且把它转化成能源,供建筑使用。(p.51)【词汇精讲】convert

为动词,表示“转换,转变”。They

converted

the

spare

room

into

an

office.他们把空闲的房间转变成了办公室。【词汇拓展】convert

sb

to

sth使某人皈依/归附

convert

sth

to/into

sth把……转变成……convertor/converter

n.转换器convertible

adj.可转换的,可改变的Some

people

have

converted

themselves

to

vegetarianism.一些人变成了素食主义。Ithinktheconvertiblesofa

is

veryconvenient.我认为两用沙发很方便。6.Thebuilding

therefore

not

only

responds

to

its

environment

anduses

less

energy,but

also

reduces

damage

to

the

environmentbygenerating

its

own

renewable

energy.因此,建筑物不只对周围的环境做出反应,用较少的能源;并且通过产生它可以循环利用的能源来减少对环境的破坏。(p.51)【词汇精讲】respond为动词,表示“做出反应,回应”,常用于短语respond

to;其名词为response。Dave

didn’trespond

to

any

of

her

emails.戴夫没有回过她一封邮件。【词汇拓展】respond+that-clause做出回应in

response

to

sth对……做出回应The

law

was

passed

in

response

to

the

publicpressure.迫于公众压力,法律得以通过。7.Creating

buildings

such

as

these

enables

us

to

live

incloserharmonywithourenvironment.创造这样的建筑让我们与环境相处得更为和谐紧密。(p.51)【词汇精讲】harmony为名词,在此句中表示“融洽相处,相协调”,同时它还有“和声”之意。They

were

singing

in

perfectharmony.他们用完美的和声演唱。56

differentethnicgroups

livetogetherin

harmony

with

each

other

inChina.56个不同的民族和谐地在中国相处。【词汇拓展】in

harmony

with

sth与……和谐/协调

harmonize

v.和谐,使一致

harmonious

adj.关系融洽的,和谐的Your

suggestions

are

not

in

harmony

with

the

aims

of

thisproject.你的建议与该项目的目标不符。

Theyareina

harmonious

relationship.他们关系融洽。重点句式Itis

natural

to

think

in

thisway,but

of

course

it

wasn’ttheumbrella

that

inspiredtheflower

ortheroof

that

inspired

thepinecone.这样想是很自然的,但是并不是雨伞激发花朵或屋顶激发松果长成这种形状。(p.50)【句式剖析】从整体结构看,这是一个并列句。It

is

natural

to

dosth中,it是形式主语,to

do

sth是真正的主语。在It

is/was...that...的结构中,如that...为定语从句,则句首的it是指示代词,担任主句的主语,that担任从句的主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略;如为强调句型,则it和that都是引导词,本身无意义,that不充当句子成分,不能省略。It

is

the

novel

that

she

enjoys

reading.(that可以省略,在句子中作宾语)这是她喜欢读的那本小说。It

is

a

questionthat

needs

carefulconsideration.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。It

was

inthismuseumthatwe

saw

thefamouspainting.我们就是在这家博物馆里见到这幅名画的。【甄别方法】在Itis/was...that...结构中区分强调句型和定语从句的方法如下:一是定语从句中的that充当句子成分,而强调句型中的that不充当句子成分。二是去掉Itis/was和that并做适当调整后,强调句型的结构和意思仍然完整;而定语从句中的that充当主语时,如果省略that的话,句子结构不再完整。It

was

in

thelabthat

was

set

upbyMr

Smiththat

theyfinishedtheexperiment.他们是在史密斯先生建立的实验室里完成这个实验的。【分析】前一个that在从句中作主语,不能省略,可用which替换,因此可判定为定语从句,限定其前的名词the

lab。而后一个that不担任句子成分,但不可省略,由此可见是强调句型,强调实验是在这个实验室完成的。(卓越)one(模仿)theⅠ.单词拼写The

Spanish

National

Football

Team

is

such

a

that

they

can

beat

us.答案:superbZhang

Hui

first

learned

he

could

perfectlysounds

of

animals

when

he

was

a

child.答案:mimicAs

an

adult,she

tried

hard

to e

American’s

first

woman (建筑师).答案:architectFor

many

cities

in

the

world,there

is

no

room

to

spread

outfurther,of

which

Tokyo

is

an (样例).答案:exampleDon’ttakeitf