高考英语阅读技巧推理判断

阅读技巧推理判断题

推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。合理，是指准确地从原文中推理，而不是读者主观认为的合理或文章已提供的明显的事实。推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably，mostlikely等。推理判断题常见的问题形式有：1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat…2.Thepassagesuggests/impliesthat…3.Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support…4.Bythefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthormeans…5.Theauthorseemstobeinfavourof/beagainst…6.Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageis…推理判断题的解题技巧：所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但暗示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类型的题尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错误选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。因此我们也要相应加强对于文章事实细节的训练。推理判断题主要题型：针对细节的逻辑推断针对主题思想、作者意图的推断针对作者态度、观点等的推断（一）细节推理题：抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，结合上下文或上下句，推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。在推断中，我们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。例１：Whenshelookedahead.FlorenceChadwicksawnothingbutasolidwalloffog.Herbodywasnumb.Shehadbeenswimmingfornearlysixteenhours.AlreadyshewasthefirstwomantoswimtheEnglishChannelinbothdirections.Nowattheageof34,hergoalwastobecomethefirstwomantoswimfromCatalinatotheCaliforniacoast.OnthatfourthofJulymorning1952,theseawaslikeanicebathandthefogwassodense.Shecouldhardlyseehersupportboats.Sharkscruisedtowardherfigure,onlytobedrivenawaybyrifleshots.Againstthefrigidgripofthesea,shestruggledon,hourafterhour,whilemillionswatchedonnationaltelevision.AlongsideFlorenceinoneoftheboats,hermotherandheretrainerofferedencouragement.Theytoldheritwasn’tmuchfarther.Butallshecouldseewasfog.Theyurgedhernottoquit.Sheneverhad…untilthen.Withonlyahalfmiletogo,sheaskedtobepulledout.Whatdoes“sheneverhad…”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Shehadneverbeensodesperate.态度。切勿用自己的主观想法去理解试题。

T-shirtsout;uniformsinSchooluniformsarebecomingmoreandmorepopularacrosstheU.S.A.That’snosurprise,becausetheyoffermanybenefits.Theyimmediatelyendthepowerfulsocialsortingandlabeling（标记）thatcomefromclothing.Ifallstudentsaredressedinthesameway,theywillnotpaytoomuchattentiontotheirclothing,andsomeofthemwillnotbelaughedatforwearingthe“wrong”clothes.Somepeopleareagainstthestrictruleofschooluniforms,buttheydonotrealizethatstudentsalreadyacceptakindofrule—wantingtolookjustliketheirfriends.Thedifferenceisthattheclothingstudentschooseforthemselvescreatessocialbarriers;schooluniformstearthosebarriersdown.Asinotherplaces,uniformsremindthewearersoftheirpurposesandduties.Forexample,whenamanorwomanputsonapoliceuniform,heorshebecomes,foratime,thesymbol（象征）oflawandorder.Theuniformmeanstothewearerhisorherspecialdutiesandsendsthesamemessagetoeveryonethewearermeets.Peoplewithdifferentjobswearuniformsofonekindoranother.Forstudents,theschooluniformremindsthemthattheirtaskforthesixorsevenhourstheyareinschoolistogetaneducation.Someparentsareunhappyaboutuniforms,sayingthatschooluniformswillaffecttheirchildren’s“creativity.”First,asnotedabove,theclothesstudentschoosetoweardonotnecessarilyexpresstheirindividuality（个性）.Theyjustcopytheirclassmates.Second,studentshavetherestofthedaytobeascreativeastheylike.Whilethey’reinschool,theirjobistomasterreading,writing,andmaths;thisshouldtakeupallthecreativitytheyhave.Masteryofthoseskillswillbegoodforthestudentstobuilduptheircreativityineveryway.

Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethat.A.itmakesnodifferencewhethertowearschooluniformsornotB.students’individualitymaynotcomefromschooleducationC.students’creativityisrelatedtotheclothestheychooseD.schooluniformshelptocreateequalityamongstudents解析：作者在最后总结时说，Masteryofthoseskillswillbegoodforthestudentstobuilduptheircreativityineveryway.答案：D

【模拟试题】ASleepStruggleDR.MARJORIESEIDENFELDANSWERSYOURHEALTHQUESTIONS?IhavesuchaterribletimefallingasleepeverynightthatI’malwaystiredandit’saffectingmyschoolwork.WhatshouldIdo?–––MindyinNevadaOneineveryfiveyoungpeoplehasasleepproblem,soyou’renotalone.Gettingenoughsleephasbecomeasimportantaseatingvegetablesandexercisingregularly.It’sveryimportantforyourbody.Mostyoungpeopleonlygetsevenhoursofsleepeachnight,whentheyactuallyneedninehours.Andmakingupforlostsleepduringtheweekbysleepinginanweekendsdoesn’treallywork.Infact,sleepinglateonweekendsmayactuallydoyoumoreharmthangood,ifyouhavesleepproblems.Whathappensifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep?Ifyoursleepproblemcontinuesforafewnights,youcouldsufferseriousproblems.Lackofsleepcanaffectlearningandmemory.Worse,ifyoursleepdifficultieslastalongtime,thatcouldleadtoanxietyordepression（抑郁）.Therefore,you’vegottohavesomehealthysleephabits.Belowaresomesuggestions.GOTOBEDATTHESAMETIME－includingweekends,ifpossible.WAKEUPAROUNDTHESAMETIMEEVERYMORNING.Whenyousleeplatejustonemorningduringtheweek,itmaydisturbyourbodyclock.Thiswillmakeithardforyoutosleepthatnight.DOSOMETHINGRELAXINGbeforegoingtobed.EXERCISEDURINGTHEDAY.Don’texerciserightbeforegoingtobed.AVOIDDRINKINGALCOHOL.Alcoholmakesyouexcited.Thispreventsyoufromfallingasleeporwakesyouupduringthenight.DON’TSMOKE.Smokingisalwaysbadforthebody.Smokingbeforebedtimekeepsyouawake.Iftryingthesetipsoveracoupleofweeksdoesnothelpyou,speaktoyourdoctor.Donottakeanysleepingpillswithoutfirstaskingyourdoctor.Manyhavestrongsideeffects.1.Accordingtothepassage,ifyouhavesleepproblemsforafewnights,youcouldbe_______.A.lonely B.serious C.forgetful D.depressed2.Thepassagesuggeststhatpeoplewithsleepproblemsshould______.A.eatvegetablesandexerciseregularlyB.makeupforlostsleeponweekendsC.followafixedtimetableforsleepD.sleepsevenhourseveryday3.Wecanlearnfromthesuggestionsthat________.A.gettingupearlieronemorningmakesiteasiertofallasleepthatnightB.listeningtosoftmusicbeforegoingtobedmayhelpyoufallasleepC.smokersandthosewhodrinkalcoholusuallyhavesleepproblemsD.exercisingintheeveningwillhelpyougettosleep4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.SleepproblemsareseriousamongyoungpeopleB.SleepinglateonweekendscanmakeupforlostsleepC.YoureatinghabitswillbebrokenduetolackofsleepD.You’llnolongerhaveyoursleepproblemifyoutrythetips

BBlamelessIwasafreshmanincollegewhenImettheWhites.Theywerecompletelydifferentfrommyownfamily,yetIfeltathomewiththemimmediately.JaneWhiteandIbecamefriendsatschool,andherfamilywelcomedmelikealong-lostcousin.Inmyfamily,itwasalwaysimportanttoplaceblamewhenanythingbadhappened.“Whodidthis?”mymotherwouldscreamaboutadirtykitchen.“Thisisallyourfault,Katharine,”myfatherwouldinsistwhenthecatgotoutorthedishwasherbroke.Fromthetimewewerelittle,mysister,brothersandItoldoneachother.Wesetaplaceforblameatthedinnertable.ButtheWhitesdidn’tworryaboutwhohaddonewhat.Theypickedupthepiecesandmovedonwiththeirlives.ThebeautyofthiswasdrivenhometomethesummerJanedied.InJuly,theWhitesistersandIdecidedtotakeacartripfromtheirhomeinFloridatoNewYork.Thetwooldersisters,SarahandJane,werecollegestudents,andtheyoungest,Amy,hadrecentlyturnedsixteen.Proudofhavinganewdriver’slicense（驾照），Amywasexcitedaboutpracticingherdrivingonthetrip.Sheshowedoffherlicensetoeveryoneshemet.ThebigsisterssharedthedrivingofSarah’snewcarduringthefirstpartofthetrip,butwhentheyreachedlesscrowdedareas,theyletAmytakeover.SomewhereinSouthCarolina,wepulledoffthehighwaytoeat.Afterlunch,Amygotbehindthewheel.Shecametoacrossroadswithastopsign.Whethershewasnervousorjustdidn’tseethesignnoonewouldeverknow,butAmycontinuedintothecrossroadswithoutstopping.Thedriverofalargetruck,unabletostopintime,ranintoourcar.Janewaskilledimmediately.Iwasslightlyinjured.ThemostdifficultthingthatI’veeverdonewastocalltheWhitestotellthemabouttheaccidentandthatJanehaddied.Painfulasitwasformetoloseagoodfriend,Iknewthatitwasfarworseforthemtoloseachild.WhenMr.andMrs.Whitearrivedatthehospital,theyfoundtheirtwodaughterssharingaroom.Sarahhadafewcutsonthehead;Amy’slegwasbroken.Theyhugged（拥抱）usallandcriedtearsofsadnessandofjoyatseeingtheirdaughters.Theywipedawaythegirls’tearsandmadeafewjokesatAmyasshelearnedtousehercrutches（拐杖）.Tobothoftheirdaughters,andespeciallytoAmy,overandovertheysimplysaid,“We’resogladthatyou’realive.”Iwasastonished.Noblame.Noaccusations.Later,IaskedtheWhiteswhytheynevertalkedaboutthefactthatAmywasdrivingandhadrunastopsign.Mrs.Whitesaid,“Jane’sgone,andwemissherterribly.Nothingwesayordowilleverbringherback.ButAmyhasherwholelifeaheadofher.Howcansheleadafullandhappylifeifshefeelsweblameherforhersister’sdeath?”Theywereright.AmygraduatedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandgotmarriedseveralyearsago.Sheworksasateacheroflearning-disabledstudents.She’salsoamotheroftwolittlegirlsofherown,theoldestnamedJane.1.Theauthorofthepassageis_____.A.Mrs.White’snieceB.Jane’sschoolfriendC.TheWhites’cousinD.Sarah’sfriendfromcollege2.Howdidtheauthor’sparentsdifferfromtheWhites?A.Theauthor’sparentswerelesscaring.B.Theauthor’sparentswerelessloving.C.Theauthor’sparentswerelessfriendly.D.Theauthor’sparentswerelessunderstanding.3.Howdidtheaccidentoccur?A.Amydidn’tstopatacrossroadsandatruckhittheircar.B.Amydidn’tknowwhattodowhenshesawthestopsign.C.Amydidn’tslowdownsotheircarranintoatruck.D.Amydidn’tgetoffthehighwayatacrossroads.4.Theaccidenttookplacein______.A.FloridaB.CaliforniaC.SouthCarolinaD.NewYork5.The