托福语法之强调和倒装

TOEFL

GRAMMARNancyFuYour

Task强调句型倒装句型强调句型一What

we

do

know

is

that

as

we

include

longertime

intervals,

the

record

shows

increasingevidence

of

slow

swings

in

climate

betweendifferent

regimes.(TPO10)interval

n.间隔，间距swing v/n.摇摆，旋转regime

n.政权，政体，社会制度，管理体制强调句型之助动词表强调结构：助动词do/does/did

+动词原形用来强调谓语部分I

do

love

you.I

did

love

you.She

doeslove

you.我的确爱你.我的确曾经爱过你.她真的爱你.在小公司工作的确有一些优势。Working

in

a

small

company

does

have

someadvantages.I

don't

think

you

bear

grudge

against

Kevin.

Why

didyou

fight

him?But

he

hit

my

brother

last

week.So

you

hit

him

tit

for

tat

?You

should

know

that

blood

isthicker

than

water.It

is

true.

But

it

is

your

brother

who

started

the

fight.You

are

just

adding

fuel

to

the

fire.Really?

But

my

brother

told

me

a

different

story.强调句型二It

was

she,

a

Baltimore

printer,

who

published

thefirst

offical

copies

of

the

Declaration,

the

firstcopies

that

included

the

names

of

its

signers

andtherefore

heralded

the

support

of

all

thirteencolonies.(TPO)herald

v.

通报；预示...的来临n.

先驱；传令官；报信者It

is

/

was..........who..........(被强调部分为人)强调句型三In

all

probabilities

it

was

the

fertile

plain

of

Latium,where

the

Latins

who

founded

Rome

originated,that

created

the

habits

and

skills

of

landedsettlement,

landed

property,

landed

economy,landed

administration,anda

land-basedsociety.(TPO07)fertile

adj.富饶的，肥沃的n.

肥沃，多产landed

property

地产It

is

/

was..............that................被强调部分为除谓语以外的其他成分I

saw

him

on

the

street

last

night.

It

was

I

who

saw

him

on

the

street

last

night.

It

was

him

who

I

saw

on

the

street

last

night.

It

was

on

the

street

thatI

saw

him

last

night.

It

was

last

night

that

I

saw

him

on

thestreet.由于一起交通事故导致拥堵，我上班迟到了.

(强调原因状语从句)I

got

late

becauseI

was

stuck

in

heavy

traffic

caused

by

an

accident.It

was

beacuseI

was

stuck

in

heavy

traffic

causedby

an

accident

that

I

got

late.It

is

the

news

that

deprives

most

parents

of

the

hopethat

there

is

a

safe

and

soially

approved

road

to

a

kidthey

themselves

have

not

had,

but

their

children

can.很多家长抱有这样一个心愿：他们的孩子可以走上安全、

得到社会认可的人生道路，虽然他们自己未曾拥有。但是，这则消息使他们的希望化成了泡影.It

is

the

news

that

deprives

most

parents

of

the

hope(that

there

is

a

safe

and

socially

approved

road

to

akid

(that)they

themselves

have

not

had,

but

theirchildren

can.)多亏她在我处于逆境时所给我的鼓励，才让我通过集思广益最终找到了解决问题的新方法。Thanks

to

her

encouragement

when

I

was

in

adversity,

Ifinally

came

up

with

a

new

solution

to

the

problemthrough

brainstorming.It

was

(thanks

to

her

encouragement

when

I

was

inadversity

)that

I

finallycameup

with

a

new

solution

tothe

problem

through

brainstorming.It

is

learning

howto

think

forthemselves,

how

todevelop

their

ownintellectual

and

creativeabilities,and

how

to

solve

problems

that

is

considered

moreimportant

than

the

accumulation

of

facts.It

is

(learning

how

to

think

for

themselves,

how

todevelop

their

ownintellectual

and

creativeabilities,and

how

to

solve

problems

)that

is

consideredmoreimportant

than

the

accumulation

of

facts.学会如何独立思考，如何开发自己的思维与创新能力以及如何解决问题被认为要比纯粹积累事实性知识更重要.强调句型二What

youdo

rather

than

what

yousay

matters.It

is

what

you

do

rather

than

what

you

say

thatmatters.此时被强调部分为句子--主语从句当他们处于困境之中时，是他的行动而不是他的话语使我们感动得落泪.It

was

what

he

did

when

they

were

in

troubleratherthan

what

he

said

that

moved

us

to

tears.(What

he

did

when

they

were

in

trouble

rather

thanwhat

hesaid)

moved

us

to

tears.对主语从句进行强调强调句型三It

is/was

not

until.....

that

........He

didn't

turn

off

the

TV

until

his

parent

cameback.It

was

not

until

his

parent

came

back

that

heturned

off

the

TV.注意：此结构用来强调not...until引导的时间状语从句，that

后面用肯定句式，且not

until不能分隔开It

was

not

until

the

night

fell

that

the

mountainclimbingteam

arrived

at

the

small

village.直到夜幕降临，登山队才到达小山村。We

didn't

begin

our

experiment

until

Mr.

Yang

came.It

was

not

untilMr.Yang

came

that

we

began

ourexperiment.直到杨先生来了，我们才开始做实验.强调句型四What

从句(主语从句)+Be

+被强调部分He

wants

to

visit

that

beautiful

and

richly-endowed

country.What

he

wants

is

to

visit

that

beautiful

and

richly-endowed

country.我们应该充分利用这个平台，加强交流，增进了解，努力达成更多的合作成果。We

should

make

fulluse

of

this

platform

tostrengthen

exchanges,

increase

mutualunderstanding

and

enhance

fruitfulcooperation.What

we

should

do

is

to

make

full

use

of

............强调句型置于复合句中Mike

said

that

it

was

because

of

his

stronginterestinLiterature

that

he

chose

the

course.that

why

whatIt

was

atthevery

beginning

that

Mr.Fox

madethe

decision

that

we

shouldsendmorefirefighters

there.that

when

which强调句型与同位语从句的合体It

was

in

the

small

house

which

was

built

withstones

by

his

father

that

hespenthischildhood.where

that

which强调句型与定语从句的合体强调句型的正确判断方法：将"It,be,that/who"去掉，剩余部分句子结构仍然完整(被强调部分还原到原位置)，那么这个句子就是强调句，反之则不是。It

is

he

who

helps

me

with

my

English.It

is

on

thehillsidethat

we

planttreesevery

year.It

was

because

of

bad

weather

that

the

footballmatch

had

to

be

putoff.It

was

at

the

street

corner

that

I

met

Lucyyesterday.It

was

the

street

corner

where

I

met

Lucy

yesterday.作用：表强调关键：遇到谁要倒装？倒装句寻找倒装句

Mr.Brown

was

reading

his

evening

paperwhenthere

came

a

tremendous

banging

down

the

stairs.

Hejumped

up,

ran

to

the

hall

anddiscovered

his

schoolboyson

sprawledon

the

floor.Did

you

miss

a

step?

asked

his

dad.No,

I

missed

every

blessed

one.

Came

the

bitteranswer.倒装句Here

comes

a

car.完全倒装Never

have

I

seen

this

kind

of

car.部分倒装正常语序：A

car

comes

here.I

have

never

seen

this

kind

of

car.倒装句完全倒装：谓语动词+主语部分倒装：助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词完全倒装Away

flew

the

birds.The

birds

flew

away.完全倒装

以here,there

等副词以up,

down,in,out,away

等表示运动方位的副词地点状语置于句首表强调时，要全部倒装，谓语动词常用go,

come,

lie,be,

run,

rush等那个男孩走开了.The

boy

went

away.Away

went

the

boy.小孩子冲了出来.The

children

rushed

out.Out

rushedthe

children.他走开了.He

went

away.Away

he

went.注意：当主语是人称代词时主谓不倒装Practice

表示地点的介词短语置于句首时引起全部倒装注意：如主语为人称代词，则主谓不倒装A

beautiful

lake

lies

at

the

foot

of

the

hill.At

the

foot

of

the

hilllies

a

beautiful

lake.完全倒装PracticeA

tall

tree

stands

in

front

of

the

house

with

ahistory

of100

years.In

front

of

the

house

stands

a

tall

tree

with

ahistory

of100

years.完全倒装

某些表语置于句首时Present

at

the

meeting

were

Mr.Right

andmany

other

guests.Mr.Right

and

many

other

guests

were

present

at

the

meeting.真题体验Basic

to

any

understanding

of

Canada

in

the

20yearsafter

the

Second

World

War

is

thecountry'simpressive

populationgrowth.The

country's

impressive

population

growthisbasic

to

any

understanding

ofCanada

in

the20years

after

the

Second

World

War.完全倒装(这个国家令人称道的人口增长是对于二战后20年内任何理解加拿大的基础.)PracticeEqually

important

is

the

fact

that

the

execution

ofmultiple-step

tasks

is

plished

in

a

series-parallelsequence.execution

n.执行，实行，完成multiple

adj.

多重的，多样的，许多的

parallel

n.平行线

adj.平行的，类似的

vt.sequence

n.

(数/计算机)

序列，顺序，续发事件The

fact

that........

is

equally

important.同样重要的是一个事实：多步任务是按照系列--平行序列完成的.Only

in

this

way

can

we

make

a

uniquecontributiontomaintaining

world

peace,

stabilityand

prosperity.We

can

make

a

unique

contribution

tomaintaining

world

peace,

stability

and

prosperityonly

in

this

way.部分倒装only+状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)位于句首有了他的帮助，我才能克服困难.Only

with

his

help

will

I

be

able

todifficulties.e

the只有当他回来时，我们才能查明事情真相.

Only

when

he

returned

did

we

find

out

thetruth.注意：only+状语从句时，从句不倒装PracticeOnly

afterthe

war

learned

hethe

sadnews.×Only

after

the

war

did

he

learn

the

sadnews.注意：如谓语部分无助动词，则需添加助动词帮助构成部分倒装×Only

can

he

answer

the

question.Only

he

can

answer

the

questioin.注意：only

修饰主语时，句子不可倒装部分倒装：助动词或情态动词+主语+谓语如果句中的谓语没有助动词，则需添加助动词do/does/did，将其置于主语之前Practicewe

are

going

nowhere

at

the

weekend.Nowhere

are

we

going

at

the

weekend.He

did

not

make

a

singlemistake.Not

a

single

mistake

did

hemake.He

knows

littlewhat

trouble

he

is

in.Little

does

he

know

what

trouble

he

is

in.He

would

never

know

what

real

love

could

do.Never

would

he

know

what

real

love

could

do.常用的否定副词：Never,

not,

no,hardly,

scarcely,

seldom,rarely,little

等句首引起部分倒装Practice我们无论如何也不能忽视这个问题的严重性.We

should

never

neglect

the

seriousness

of

thisproblem.Never

should

we

neglect

the

seriousness

of

thisproblem.常用的否定副词短语：By

no

means, in

no

way,

on

no

account,under

no

circumstances,

inno

situationWe

by

no

means

understoodwhat

he

said.By

no

means

did

we

understand

what

he

said.PracticeTeaching

can

by

no

means

be

seperated

frompractice.By

no

means

can

teaching

be

seperated

frompractice.Practice任何情况下，强国都不应该干涉他国内政.Under

nocircumstances

should

big

nationsinterfere

in

the

internal

affairs

of

othercountries.not

only

+

分句....

but

also

+

分句句型，前一分句引起部分倒装.