高中英语定语从句复习课件

定语从句TheattributiveclauseRevisionof

（一）定义及剖析1.定语从句：在从句中起定语作用修饰句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词（Antecedent），引导定语从句须有关系词（relativepronounsandadverbs）。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。关系词：relativepronounsandrelativeadverbs关系代词有:

that,which,who,whom,whose,as等（主，宾，定）关系副词有:

when,where,why（状）指人指物主语宾语that

whichwhowhom关系代词一览√√√√√√√√√√√√×

×

×

×

关系代词在从句中可以：WhentoomitWhenservedastheobject关系副词一览先行词引导词定语从句中的作用地点名词where地点状语原因名词reasonwhy原因状语时间名词when时间状语关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；

B.代替先行词；

C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。

Theman

whoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.注：此时的代词已被关系词代替（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who

指人，在定语从句中作主语。（不能省略）Thegirls

who

arereadingbooksareveryhardworking.

Those

who

violatethelawmustbepunished.2.

whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。口语中可与who互换。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)

youtalkedaboutonthebus.Hefinallyfoundthewoman

(whom)

heloved.3.which

指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Thefactory

which

makescomputersisfarawayfromhere.Thisisthe

pen(which)

he

boughtyesterday.4．That（主，宾）。

指人时≈

who或whom；指物时，

≈

which；

作宾语可省。Thenumberofpeople

that/who

cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Heistheman

that/whom

Isawthismorning.5.

whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语（所属关系）。Ivisitedascientist

whose

nameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriend

whose

fatherisadoctor.注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：ofwhichTheclassroom

whose

doorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoor

ofwhich

isbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（三）关系副词引导的定语从句=相应介词+which1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。(完整单句）Istillremembertheday

when

Ifirstcametothiscity.Thisisthetime

when

wefinallygottogether.2.where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Zigongisthecity

where

Iwasborn.Ivisitedthefarm

where

alotofcowswereraised.3.why

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellme

thereason

why

youarelate.Thereason

why

hewaspunishedremainsunknowntous.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。

1.Pleasetellmethereasonwhy/forwhich

youwerelate.2.Hehelpedhisfatheronthesmallfarm

where/inwhich

theylived.关系代词与关系副词的选择技巧用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）.其后单句是否完整。1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.

when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which辨析易混点及物动词及物动词及物动词(四)限定性定从与非限定性定从句 中不可缺少的组成部分主从句不用逗号隔开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时，一些关系代词可以省略。

对主句先行词的补充说明，缺少该从句不影响主句意思完整性一般用逗号将主从句隔开。引导词：whom,who,whose,which,when,where等。不用that,不能省略。TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlyperson

that

Icoulddependon.Chinaisacountry

which

hasalonghistory.InthestreetIsawaman

who

wasfromAfrica.限制性定语从句举例：非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,

who

loveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,

which

wasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.试比较：1.Herbrotherwho

isnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）Herbrother,who

isnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）五、只用that,不用which1.先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,（something）除外，little,much,theone等。2.先行词被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等词修饰。3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。4.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰。5.当先行词有两个或两个以上时，既有人又有物时。6当先行词前有who，which等疑问代词时。7当先行词既有人又有物时。All

that

canbedonehasbeendone.

Thefirstplace

that

theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.Thisis

thebestfilm

that

Ihaveeverseen.

Thiswas

theverydictionary

that

Iwaslookingfor.Whoistheman

that

isstandingbythegate?用which，不用that1.在非限制定语从句中。2.在介词之后（物用which，人用whom).3.有两个定语从句，其中一个从句关系代词已用了that，另一个宜用which.ThisisthepaperthatIreadeverydayandwhichIfindsointeresting.4.当先行词本身是that.Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.六、关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as

和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。

Hemarriedher,

as/which

wasnatural.2.

as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在句首或句末，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在句末。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,

which

madehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,which

madethemveryheavy.3.当先行词受such,thesame

修饰时，关系词常用as。I’veneverheard

suchstoriesas

hetells.Heisnot

suchafool

as

helooks.

Thisis

thesame

dictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：thesameas与thesamethat引导定从的区别Shewore

thesamedress

that

sheworeatMary’swedding.（同一性）Shewore

thesamedress

as

heryoungersisterwore.（相似性）七、以theway为先行词的用法1Thewaythat/inwhich/不填heexplainedthesentencestouswasnothardforustounderstand.（缺状语）2Thewaythat/which/不填heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.(缺宾语）联想:Way的搭配：waytodoWayofdoing八、定语从句与其他从句的区别：1.与同位语从句1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。

Theplane

that

hasjusttakenoffisforParis.

Weallheardthenewsthat

ourteamwon.Thenewsthat

hetoldmeistrue.

Thenewsthat

hehasjustdiedistrue.Theproblemthat

wearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.2.与状语从句1.Heleftthekey______hehadbeenanhourbefore.（状从）相当于intheplacewhereHelefttheplace______helivedformanyyears.（定从）修饰theplacewherewhere3.强调句Where与that1.ThisisthelibrarywhereIborrowe