2015职称英语考前冲刺第6讲

阅读判断题解题思路:猜答案(+做第16题(A:2-4B:1-4C:1-3如果没有时间做题，则建议全选A或全选B

WhenourwordsWhenourwords"Wannabuyabody?"ThatwastheopeninglineofmorethanafewphonecallsIgotfromself-employedphotographerswhenIwasaphotoeditoratU.S.News.Likemanyinthemainstreampress,Iwantedtoseparatetheworldofphotographersinto"them",whotradeinpicturesofbodiesorrunafterfamouspeoplelikePrincessDiana,and"us",theseriousnewspeople.Butafter16yearsinthatrole,IcametowonderwhetherthetwoworldswereeasilyWorkinginthereputableworldofjournalism,Itoldphotographerstocoverotherpeople'sdifficultlifesituations.Ijustifiedmarchingintomomentsofsadness,undertheappearanceofthereader'srighttoknow.Iworkedwithprofessionalstalkingtheirwayintosituationsorshootingfrombehind lines.AndIwasn'talone.WhenourwordsInanyAmericantown,afteracarcrashorsomeotherhorrible ordinarypeoplearehurtorkilled,yourarelyseephotographerspushingpastrescueworkerstotakephotosofthebloodandinjuries.Butyouarelikelytoseelocalnewspaperandevisionphotographersonthescene–andfast.Howcanwejustifyngthis?Journalistsaretaughttoseparate,ngthejobfromworryingabouttheconsequencesofpublishingwhattheyrecord.Repeatedly,theyareremindedofanews-businessdictum(格言):Leaveyourconscienceintheoffice,Yougetthepictureofthefootage;thedecisionwhethertoprintorairitcomeslater.Avictimmayliebleeding,unconscious,ordead:yourjobistorecordtheimage.Youputawayyouremotionsand thescene.Weactthiswaypartlybecauseweknowthatthepicturescanhaveimportantmeaning.Photographscanchangedeplorable(凄惨的)situationsbymobilizingpublicoutrageorincreasepublicunderstanding.WhenourwordsHowever,disastrouseventsoftenbringouttheworstinphotographersandphotoeditors.Inthefirstminutesandhoursafteradisasteroccurs,photoagenciesbuypictures.Often,anagencybuysapicturefromalocalnewspaperoranamateurphotographerandputsitupforbidbymajormagazines.Themostsought-after“exclusive”picturescommandtensofthousandsofdollarsthroughbiddingcontests.Manypeoplebelievejournalistsneedtochangethewaytheydothings,andit‘sourpicturesthatannoypeoplethemost.Readersmaynotbelieve,aswedo,thatthereisadistinctionbetweenclear-minded“us”andsleazy(低级庸俗的)"them".Intoomanycases,byourchoicesofimagesaswellashowwegetthem,weproveourreadersWhenourwords√16.Thewriternevergotanofferforaphotographofa A. B. C.NotThewriterwasaphotographersixteenyearsA. B. C.NotThewriterbelievesthatshootingpeople’snightmaresis B. C.NotNewsphotographersareusuallyaproblemforsecureworkersatan B. C.NotJournalistsaren’tsupposedtothinkaboutwhetherthey ngtheright B. C.NotEditorssometimeshavetopayalotofmoneyforexclusive B. C.Not√22.ManypeoplesaythattheyareannoyedbytheUSNews B. C.Not

B,C,A,B,A,A,

TheMostWonderfulTheMostWonderfulThePalmIslandsarethelargestartificialislandsintheworldandareunderconstructioninDubai,intheUnitedArabEmirates.Theyarebeingdevelopedastourist,leisure,andresidentialresorts,andwillincreasethecoastlineofthecountryby120kilometers.Afterfouryearsofnningandcarefulconsiderationoftheenvironmentalissues,constructionstartedin2001.Dutchengineerswithexperienceofreclaiminglandfromtheseawereemployedinthebuildingofthefirsttwoislands.Thesiteforallthreeislandsisanareaoftheseawherethewaterisnotverydeep.Sandistakenfromtheseabedandsprayedintotheconstructionsite.Althoughtheshallowwaterfacilitatesthisprocess,theislandsarestillveryexposedtothecurrentsandtidalmovementsofthesea.Rocksareusedtoholdthesandinceresultinginalargecrescent(月状的)structure.Thisactsasabreakwaterandprotectstheislandsfromthesea.TheMostWonderfulThefirsttwoislandsareintheshapeofdatepalmtreesandconsistofatrunkand17frond,orleavescomingoffthetrunk.Thefirstisland,namedPalmJumeirah,hasthreefive-starhosinthetrunk,andluxuryhomesintheleaves.Itisastonishingthatwhenthesehomeswentonsalein2004,theywereallsoldwithinthreedays.Thesecondpalm,JebelAli,wasstartedin2002andisdesignedtobeanentertainmentcentre.Sixmarinas(小游艇船坞)arenned,withawaterthemepark,andhomesbuiltonstilts(桩柱)inthewater.ThePalmDeirannedtobethelargestofthethreeislands,withalengthof14kmandawidthof8.5km,anarealargerthanthecityofParis.Itwillconsistofresidentialproperties,marinas,shopmalls,sportsfacilities,andclubs.Thesewillbeopentobothresidentsandtourists.TheMostWonderfulMoreartificialislands,theWorldIslands,arenowbeingconstructednearthePalmJumeirah.Theyconsistof300privateislandsgroupedintotheshapeofthecontinentsoftheworldandwillbeusedforestates,privatehomes,communityislands,andresorts.Unquestionably,theseartificialislandsareoneofthewondersofthemodernworld.TheywillalsomaintainDubai’sstatusasoneoftheleadingtouristdestinationsintheregion.TheMostWonderfulSomeDutchengineersareexperiencedinreclaiminglandfromthe B. C.NotTheislandsarebeingbuiltinthedeepwaterofthe B. C.NotRocksforbuildingthebreakwaterweretakenfromtheWorldof B. C.NotAlltheluxuryhomesonPalmJumeirahwere B. C.NotThewaterthemeparkinJebelAliwillattractmore B. C.NotThePalmDeirawillbethesamesizeas B. C.NotTheWorldIslandsarebiggerthanthePalm B. C.NotTheMostWonderful√16.SomeDutchengineersareexperiencedinreclaiminglandfromthe B. C.Not17.TheislandsarebeingbuiltinthedeepwateroftheA. B. C.Not√18.RocksforbuildingthebreakwaterweretakenfromtheWorldofA. B. C.Not√19.AlltheluxuryhomesonPalmJumeirahwereA. B. C.Not20.ThewaterthemeparkinJebelAliwillattractmoreA. B. C.Not√21.ThePalmDeirawillbethesamesizeasA. B. C.Not22.TheWorldIslandsarebiggerthanthePalmA. B. C.Not

A,B,C,A,C,B,C“做题+猜”AB,CBC,B,C得三分或六分（2014年理工A试题

ExperiencetheWorldin3DExperiencetheWorldin3DEverwonderedhowyourcatordogseestheworld?Nowyoucanlookthroughtheireyeswiththefirst3Dgamethatrecreatesthevisionofdifferentspeciesbasedonscientificevidence.Theonlinesimulation,createdbytheFrench3Ddesign DassaultSystèmes,withtheguidanceofveterinaryophthalmologist(眼科专家)DidierSidt-Morand,mimics(模仿)thevisionoffiveanimals–catsdogs,rats,hawksandbees–asayersteersthemthroughceVendômeinParis.Duetodifferencesinfieldofview,colourperceptionandnightvision,forexample,sightcanbedrasticallydifferentfromspeciestospecies."Intermsofperformance,eyesareasvariableasdifferentmodelsofcars,"saysSidt-Morand.Thegamewascreatedbyusingexistingvirtualmodelsofthesquarethenapplyingeffectsbasedondescriptionsofeachanimal'svision.Dassault's3Dsoftwareallowsascenetobemodifiedbyaddingblurorchangingthecolours,angleofvisionanddepthoffield.ExperiencetheWorldin3DAlthoughitwaseasytorecreatevisioninferiortothatofhumans–catsanddogs,forexample,havetroubledistinguishingshadesofred–replicating()featuresthatweareunabletoseewasachallenge.Hawkshavemoredetailedvisionthanours,whereasdogsarebetteratseeingmovementandhaveawiderfieldofview."Weusedvirtualcamerastopreciselysimulatelargerviewinganglesbuttheresultmadepeoplenauseous(令人作呕的),"saysSidt-Morand."Sowetweaked(微调)themodeltogiveasenseofthewiderviewwithoutstickingtoreality."Therat'sviewalsodepartsfromreality:becausetheyarenear-sighted,everythingmorethan15centimetresawayisablur,sotheytypicallymoveclosetowallstohelpthemnavigate."Aratwouldneverthrowitselfintothemiddleofanopenarea,"saysSidt-Morand.Thesimulationforthisanimalissupplementedwithamapinthetoprightcornertohelpdeterminetherat'sposition:becauseoftheirlimitedeyesight,mostlandmarksareobscured.Thegameisintendedasaneducationalresourceand yerscandiscusstheirexperiencewithothersthroughcommunityfeaturesonthewebsite.Ifthereisinterestfromschoolsandzoos,theteamhopestorecreatethevisionofmoreanimals.ExperiencetheWorldin3DThegamedevelopedbyDassaultSystemesisthefirst3Dgamerecreatingthevisionofdifferentspecies. B. C.NotDassault’s3Dsoftwaretakes slikecolorperceptionandangleofvisionintoaccount B. C.NotTheanimals’viewsinthesoftwarearethesameasthoseinreality B. C.NotDogshavelargerviewinganglesthanhumans B. C.NotIttakestheteamthelongesttimetorecreatetherat’sviewbecausethey’renear-sighted B. C.NotTheteamisworkingonrecreatingthevisionofmoreanimals B. C.Not idt-Morand’sfavoriteanimaliscat B. C.NotExperiencetheWorldin3DThegamedevelopedbyDassaultSystemesisthefirst3Dgamerecreatingthevisionofdifferentspecies. B. C.NotDassault’s3Dsoftwaretakes slikecolorperceptionandangleofvisionintoaccount B. C.NotTheanimals’viewsinthesoftwarearethesameasthoseinreality B. C.NotDogshavelargerviewinganglesthanhumans B. C.NotIttakestheteamthelongesttimetorecreatetherat’sviewbecausethey’renear-sighted B. C.NotTheteamisworkingonrecreatingthevisionofmoreanimals B. C.Not√ idt-Morand’sfavoriteanimaliscat B. C.Not

A,A,B,A,C,BC

SoManySoManyTheMilkyWaycontainsbillionsofEarth-sizednetsthatcouldsupportlifethat'sthefindingofanewstudy.ItdrawsondatethatcamefromNASA'stopnet-huntingescope.AmechanicalfailurerecentlyputthatKeplerspace escopeoutofservice.Keplerhadyedabigroleincreatingacensusof netsorbitingsome170,000stars.Itsdatahavebeen astronomerspredicthow netsareinourgalaxy. escopefocusedhuntingnetsthatmighthaveconditionssimilartothoseonTheauthorsofastudypublishedinTheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofsciences,concludethatbetween14and30outofevery100stars,withamassandtemperaturesimilartotheSun,mayhostanetthatcouldsupportlifeasweknowit.SuchanetwouldhaveadiameteratleastaslargeasEarth's,butnomorethantwicethatbig.Thenetalsowouldhavetoorbitinastar'shabitablezone.That'swherethesurfacetemperaturewouldallowanywatertoexistasaliquid.SoManyThenewestimateofhowmanynetsmightfittheseconditionscomesfromstudyingmorethan42,000starsandidentifyingsuitableworldsorbitingthem.Thescientistsusedthosenumberstoextrapolatetotherestofthestarsthattheescopecouldnotsee.Theestimateisrough,theauthorsadmit.Ifappliedtothesolarsystem,itwoulddefineashabitableazonestartingasclosetotheSunasVenusandrunningtoasfarawayasMars.NeithernetisEarthlike(althougheithermighthavebeeninthedistantpast).Usingtighterlimits,theresearchersestimatethatbetween4and8outofevery100SunlikestarscouldhostanEarth-world.Theseareonesthatwouldtake200to400daystocompleteayearlyFouroutofevery100sunlikestarsdoesn'tsoundlikeabignumber.Itwouldmean,however,thattheMilkyWaycouldhostmorethanabillionEarth-sizednetswithachangeforlife.SoManyTheKepler escopehasbeeninservicefor15RightB.WrongC.NotThemaintaskoftheKepler escopeistofind netswithsimilarconditionstoRightB.WrongC.Not√18. netthatcouldsupportlifemightbealittlebitsmallerthanRightB.WrongC.NotTheEarth netorbitingintheSun'shabitableRightB.WrongC.NotThenewfindingisbasedonathoroughstudyof170,000starsintheMilkyRightB.WrongC.Not√21.Theestimateofthenumber netsthatcouldsupportlifeisnotveryRightB.WrongC.NotThisisthefirstresearchfindingabout netswithachanceforRightB.WrongC.NotSoMany经验提示：题干中的数字常是陷阱点,通常题干中的数字信息如果在文章中没有出现,则该题答案通常为C;如果题干中的数字信息与文章中的不一致,则该题答案通常为B;如果题干中的数字信息与文章中的数字信息一致,则A,B,C都可能是答案.参考答案：CABABA,C‘FeedMe典型例题：（2014年卫生A试题 ‘FeedMeThe‘FeedMe ntargetedahealthierdietat B. C.not√17.Everyonebelieved nschoolbe B. C.notTheISERisaninstitutethatdoesresearchonpupils’performancein B. C.notThepupilsinGreenwichsaidtheylikedthehealthier B. C.notThenumberofpupilswhoaskedforsickleave B. C.notTheISERdidnotacomparativestudyontheimpactofthenew B. C.notThehealthierdiethelpedschoolchildrenimprove B. C.not‘FeedMe√17.Everyonebelieved nschoolbeA. B. C.notWhenBritishTVChefJamieOliverlaunchedhis'FeedMeBetter' nin2004inschoolsintheGreenwichareaofLondonwiththeaimofimprovingthedietofBritishschoolchildren, ntoimproveschoollunchesledtodramaticchangesinthemealsofferedtopupilsintheGreenwichschools.InordertoachievehisaimOliverneededtoshowschoolshowtoswap(交换)cheapprocessedmeals,whichwerehighinsaturatedfat(饱和脂肪)salt,andsugar,healthier参考答案AB,CCABInSports,RedistheWinningInSports,RedistheWinningWhenopponentsofagameareequallymatched,theteamdressedinredismorelikelytowin,accordingtoanewstudy.BritishanthropologistsRussellHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurhamreachedthatconclusionbystudyingtheesofone-on-oneboxing,taekwondo,Greco-Roman-wresting,and style-wrestlingmatchesatthe2004SummerOlympicsinAthens,Greece.IneacheventOlympicstaffrandomlyassignedredorblueclothingorbodyprotectiontocompetitors.Whenotherwiseequallymatchedwiththeiropponentinfitnessandskill,athleteswearingredweremorelikelytowinthebout."Wheretherewasalargepointdifference—presumablybecauseonecontestantwasfarsuperiortotheother—colorhadnoeffectonthee,"Bartonsaid."Wheretherewasasmallpointdifference,theeffectofcolorwassufficienttotipthebalance."InSports,RedistheWinningInequallymatchedbouts,thepreponderanceofredwinswasgreatenoughthatitcouldnotbeattributedtochance,theanthropologistssay.HillandBartonfoundsimilarresultsinareviewofthecolorswornattheEuro2004internationalsoccertournament.Theirreportwillbepublishedintomorrow'sissueofthejournalNature.JoannaSetc,aprimateresearcherattheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,hasfoundsimilarresultsinnature.HerworkwiththelargeAfricanmonkeysknownasmandrillsshowsthatredcolorationgivesmalesanadvantagewhenitcomestomating.Thefindingthatredalsohasanadvantageinhumansportingeventsdoesnotsurpriseher,addingthat"theideaofthestudyisveryclever."HillandBartongottheideafortheirstudyoutofamutualinterestintheevolutionofualsignalsinprimates—"redseemstobethecolor,acrossspecies,thatsignalsmaledominanceandtestosteronelevels,"Bartonsaid.InSports,RedistheWinningForexample,studiesbySetc,theCambridgeprimateresearcher,showthatdominantmalemandrillshaveincreasedredcolorationintheirfacesandrumps.Anotherstudybyotherscientistsshowsthatredsticringsexperimentallycedonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesincreasethebirds'dominance.BartonsaidheandHillspeculatedsomespeculatedthat"theremightbeasimilareffectinhumans.Andifso,itcouldbeapparentinsportingcontests."Thepairsaytheirresultsindicatethatualselectionmayhaveinfluencedtheevolutionofhumans'responsetocolor.Setc,theprimatologist,agrees."AsHillandBartonsay,humansreddenwhenweareangryandpalewhenwe'rescared.Theseareveryimportantsignalstootherindividuals,"shesaid.Theadvantageofredmaybeintuitivelyknown,judgingfromtheprevalenceofreduniformsinsports—"thoughitisclearlynotverywidelyappreciated,onaconsciouslevelatleast,"Bartonsaid.Headdsthatthefindingofred'sadvantagemighthaveimplicationsforregulationsthaternsportingattire.IntheOlympicmatcheshesurveyedforthenewstudy,forexample,itispossiblesomemedalwinnersmayhavereachedthepedestalwithanunintendedadvantage.InSports,RedistheWinning"Thatistheimplication,thoughwecannotsaythatitmadethedifferenceinanyonespecificcase,"Bartonsaid.Meanwhile,Setc noted—tongue-in-cheek—thataredadvantagemaynotbelimitedtosports."Goingbytherecent[U.S.]electionresults,redisindeedquitesuccessful,"shesaid.InSports,RedistheWinningBothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffectstheeofsports B. C.NotHillandBartonarebothinterestedin B. C.NotMalemandrillsuseyellowcolorationtoattracta B. C.NotRedisnotanadvantageforzebra B. C.NotThe sticringswereleftonthefinches B. C.NotHillandBartonbelieveathletesinredaremorelikelyto B. C.Not√22.Manyathletesopposethenewregulationsonsports B. C.NotInSports,RedistheWinningBothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffectstheeofsports B. C.NotHillandBartonarebothinterestedin B. C.NotMalemandrillsuseyellowcolorationtoattracta B. C.NotRedisnotanadvantageforzebra B. C.NotThe sticringswereleftonthefinches B. C.NotHillandBartonbelieveathletesinredaremorelikelyto√A. B. C.NotManyathletesopposethenewregulationsonsports B. √C.Not

16A17A18B1920C21 22（2012年卫生A试题

TheMind-BodyTheMind-BodyNormanCousinswasafamousAmericanmagazineeditor.In1964,hereturnedfromanoverseastripandthenbecameveryill.Inthehospital,hehadterriblepainandcouldn'tmovehisbody.Doctorstoldhimhehadaseriousdiseasecalledankylosingspondylitis(强直性脊柱炎)andsaidhehadonly1chancein500ofsurvivingTheygavehimpowerfuldrugs,buthisconditiononlygotworse.Cousinshadreadaboutatheorythatnegativeemotionscanharmyourhealth.Hebelievedthatpositiveemotionsweregoodforone'shealth,andhedecidedtotryanexperiment.Hewouldfillhisdayswithgoodfeelingsandlaughterandseeifthatmightimprovehiscondition.TheMind-BodyNormanGousinsbecameillwhilehewastravelinginanother B. C.Not√17.DoctorstoldCousinsthathewouldprobablydiefromhis B. C.NotDrugshelpedtostopthepainofCousins'sA. B. C.NotCousinsstartedwatchingmoviesbecausehewas B. C.NotCousinsspentalotoftimelaughingevery B. C.NotMovieswerebetterthanfunnystoriesfor B. C.Not√22.WhenCousinswrotehisbook,everyoneagreedwith B. C.NotTheMind-BodyNormanGousinsbecameillwhilehewastravelinginanother B. C.Not√17.DoctorstoldCousinsthathewouldprobablydiefromhis B. C.NotDrugshelpedtostopthepainofCousins'sA. B. C.NotCousinsstartedwatchingmoviesbecausehewas B. C.NotCousinsspentalotoftimelaughingevery B. C.NotMovieswerebetterthanfunnystoriesfor B. C.Not√22.WhenCousinswrotehisbook,everyoneagreedwith B. C.Not

16 17 18 1920 22

TheForbiddenNewYorkusedtobethecitythatneversleeps.Thesesdays,it'sthecitythatneversmokes,drinksordoesanythingnaughty(atleast,notinpublic).TheBigAppleisquicklyturningintotheForbiddenApple.Ifyouwantedaglassofwinewithyour icinCentralPark,couldyouhaveone?NochanceDrinkingalcoholinpublicisn'tallowedIfyoudecidedtofeedthebirdswiththelastcrumbs碎屑ofyoursandwich.youcouldbearrestedIt'sillegalIfyouwenttoabarforadrinkandacigarette,thatwouldbeOK,wouldn'tit?Er…noYoucan'tsmokeinpublicinNewYorkCity.TheForbidden√16.SomeactivitieshaverecentlyeillegalinNewA. B. C.NotItisnowillegaltosmokeordrinkalcoholanywhereinNewYork.RightB.Wrong C.NotmentionedEatingapplesintheparkisillegal.RightB.Wrong C.NotmentionedThebusinessmenlikethenewlaws.RightB.Wrong C.NotmentionedElleandSergeSchronitmanparkedtheircaronthepublicdriveway.RightB.Wrong C.Notmentioned√21.TheeditorofVanityFairmagazinethinkssomeofthenewlawsareRightB. C.NotNewYorkiscleanerandsaferthan B. C.NotTheForbidden√16.SomeactivitieshaverecentlyeillegalinNew B. C.NotItisnowillegaltosmokeordrinkalcoholanywhereinNewYork.RightB.Wrong C.NotmentionedEatingapplesintheparkisillegal.RightB.Wrong C.NotmentionedThebusinessmenlikethenewlaws.RightB.Wrong C.NotmentionedElleandSergeSchronitmanparkedtheircaronthepublicdriveway.RightB.Wrong C.Notmentioned√21.TheeditorofVanityFairmagazinethinkssomeofthenewlawsarestupd.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned22.NewYorkiscleanerandsaferthanA. B. C.Not

16 17B18 20B21A22RelievingtheRelievingthePain"Exercisemaybethebesttreatmentofchronicpain,"saydoctorsatanewclinicfordealingwithpain."Peoplewithchronicpainneedtostoplyingaround,gooutmore,andstartexercising.“Theinstinctivereactiontoacutepainistostopmovingandtotrytoprotectthesourceofpain.Butitseemsthatthisisoftennotproductive,especiallyinthecaseofbackpain.Backpain,afterheadachesandtiredness,hasethethirdmostcommonreasonforpeopletovisittheirdoctors.Painfulbacksnowaccountformillionsofdaysoffwork.Lumber(腰部的)painsarepartlythepricehumanspayfortakingtheirforelimbsofftheground,buttheyaremadeworsebyasedentary(久坐不动的)lifestyle.Lackofexerciseslowlydecreasestheflexibilityandstrengthofmusclessothatitismoredifficulttotakepressureoffthesiteofpain.Exerciseisessential.Itreleasesendorphinsthebody’s"feel-good"chemicals,whicharenaturalpainkillers.Infact,thesearesoimportantthatresearchersarenowlookingfordrugsthatcanmaintainacomfortablelevelofendorphinsinthebody.RelievingtheTotreatpain,patientsshouldstopmoving B. C.NotHeadachesarepartlycausedbylackof B. C.NotExercisehelpstotakethepressureoffthesiteof B. C.NotDoctorsoftenusedrugssuchasendorphinstotreat B. C.NotBackachesufferersoftenenduptakingmorethanonedrugtokill B. C.NotExerciseshelpspainsuffererstorecovermorequicklythantraditional B. C.Not√22.Newpainclinicsaskpatientstogiveupdrugs B. C.NotRelievingtheTotreatpain,patientsshouldstopmoving B. C.NotHeadachesarepartlycausedbylackof B. C.NotExercisehelpstotakethepressureoffthesiteof B. C.NotDoctorsoftenusedrugssuchasendorphinstotreat B. C.NotBackachesufferersoftenenduptakingmorethanonedrugtokill B. C.NotExerciseshelpspainsuffererstorecovermorequicklythantraditional B. C.Not√22.Newpainclinicsaskpatientstogiveupdrugs B. C.Not

16 17C18 1920A21A22

BrotherlyBrotherlyAdidasandPumahavebeentwoofthebiggestnamesinsportsshoemanufacturingforoverhalfacentury.Sincel928they dshoesforOlympicathletes．WorldCup-winningfootball dAli.hiphopstarsandrockmusiciansfamousallovertheworld．ButthestoryofthesetwocompaniesbeginsinonehouseinthetownofHerzogenaurach,Germany.AdolphandRudolphDasslerwerethesonsofashoemaker.Theylovedsportbutcom thattheycouldneverfindcomfortableshoesto yin.Rudolphalwayssaid,Youcannot sportswearingshoesthatyou’dwalkaroundtownwith.Sotheystartedmakingtheirown．Inl920Adolphmadethefirstpairofathleticshoeswith es(钉),producedontheDasslers’kitchenOnlstJulyl924theyformedashoe ,DasslerBrothers andtheyworkedtogetherformanyyears．The becamesuccessfulanditprovidedtheshoesforGermany’sathletesatthel928andl932OlympicGames.

BrotherlyBrotherlyAdidasandPumahavebeentwoofthebiggestnamesinsportsshoemanufacturingforoverhalfacentury.Sincel928they dshoesforOlympicathletes．WorldCup-winningfootball dAli.hiphopstarsandrockmusiciansfamousallovertheworld．ButthestoryofthesetwocompaniesbeginsinonehouseinthetownofHerzogenaurach,Germany.AdolphandRudolphDasslerwerethesonsofashoemaker.Theylovedsportbutcom thattheycouldneverfindcomfortableshoesto yin.Rudolphalwayssaid,Youcannot sportswearingshoesthatyou’dwalkaroundtownwith.Sotheystartedmakingtheirown．Inl920Adolphmadethefirstpairofathleticshoeswith es(钉),producedontheDasslers’kitchenOnlstJulyl924theyformedashoe ,DasslerBrothers andtheyworkedtogetherformanyyears．The becamesuccessfulanditprovidedtheshoesforGermany’sathletesatthel928andl932OlympicGames.BrotherlyAdidasandPumastartedtomakesportsshoesattheendofthel9th B. C.NotThebrothers’fatherwasaball B. C.NotThebrothersfirstmadesportsshoesat B. C.NotThebrothersprovidedsportsshoesforthel924Olympic B. C.NotThebrothersdecidedtostartuptheirseparatecompaniesafterthe B. C.NotNikesellsmoreshoesthan B. C.NotPeopleinthetownhavenowforgottenthe B. C.NotBrotherlyAdidasandPumastartedtomakesportsshoesattheendofthel9th B. C.NotThebrothers’fatherwasaball B. C.NotThebrothersfirstmadesportsshoesat B. C.NotThebrothersprovidedsportsshoesforthel924Olympic B. C.NotThebrothersdecidedtostartuptheirseparatecompaniesafterthe B. C.NotNikesellsmoreshoesthan B. C.NotPeopleinthetownhavenowforgottenthe B. C.Not

16 17B18 1920A21C22（2013年理工

WideWorldofWideWorldofEngineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobs.Theseresearcherstinker（修补）withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices.“They’rethebesttoysoutthere,”saysHowleChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisaroboticist,a whodesigns，buildsorprogramsrobots.WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuilt robotssimilartosmallcars. tocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset’slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremo ycontrolledcars:roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist（ ）inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain（地形）.“Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,”Chosetconcluded.WideWorldofChosetbegantobuildrobotsinhigh B. C.NotSnakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfour B. C.NotChosetdidn’tbegin hisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingCarnegie B. C.NotChoset’ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothers B. C.NotTheapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgerieslesstime- B. C.NotZenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitin B. C.NotTherobotictechnologyforsurgeriesonpeoplehasbroughtahandsome B. C.NotWideWorldofChosetbegantobuildrobotsinhigh B. C.NotSnakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfour B. C.NotChosetdidn’tbegin hisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingCarnegie B. C.NotChoset’ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothers B. C.NotTheapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgerieslesstime- B. C.NotZenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitin B. C.NotTherobotictechnologyforsurge