虚拟语气完整版课件

Grammar虚拟语气

SubjunctiveMood概说

在英语中，随着说话人意图的不同，动词需要用不同的形式，英语中共有三种语气：陈述语气：theIndicativeMood(陈述事实）祈使语气：theImperativeMood(提出请求、命令等）虚拟语气：theSubjunctiveMood(表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况）虚拟语气

表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊时态变化来表达！虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用●在虚拟if条件状语从句中的应用●在其它从句中的应用主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句

与过去事实相反。与现在事实相反。与将来事实可能相反。

虚拟语气在条件状语从句中（if）的应用通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反a.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemether.b.Ifhehadstudiedharderlastyear,hewouldhavegonetouniversity.c.IfIhadnotgoneshoppingyesterday,Iwouldnothavespentsomuchmoney.if条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反haddonewould/should/could/might+havedone与过去相反与现在事实相反的情况：a.IfIwereLiHua,Iwoulddomoreexercise.b.Howniceitwouldbeifwewereathomenow.c.Iftherewereasmuchgoldasstone,goldwouldnotbevaluable.if条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反did/were(be动词只用这种形式！)would/should/could/might+do与现在相反与将来事实相反的情况a.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretorain

tomorrow,youwouldn’thavetogetupearlytodomorningexercises.b.Ifyouwent/shouldgo/wereto

gotothecitytomorrow,youcouldbuymesomestamps.c.IfIdid/shoulddo/weretodoit,Iwoulddo

itinadifferentway.if条件状语从句主句与将来事实相反☆did/were☆should+do☆wereto+dowould/should/could/might+do与将来相反1.总结：虚拟语气在if条件句中的谓语动词构成if条件状语从句主句

与过去事实相反与现在事实相反与将来事实相反had+donedid/（be用were)☆did/were☆shoulddo☆weretodowould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+do1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemether.2.IfIwereasrichasBillGates,Iwouldnotknowhowtospendthatmuchmoney.3.IfIdid/shoulddo/weretodoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.例句2.虚拟条件句中if的省略在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中谓语动词含有助动were,should或had时，有时可把if省略掉，然后把助动词were,should或had放到主语前面。a.IfIwereyou,Iwoulddosomeexerciseafterclasseveryday.WereIyou,Iwoulddosomeexerciseafterclasseveryday.b.Ifitshouldsnowthisyear,itwouldbenice.Shoulditsnowthisyear,itwouldbenice.c.Ifhehadinvitedmetohiswedding,Iwouldhavegonetoitlastweek.Hadheinvitedmetohiswedding,Iwouldhavegonetoitlastweek.____Ibefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.A.CouldB.MightC.ShouldD.Must【链接高考】d.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisit.Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisit.3、错综时间的虚拟条件句(主从句时间不一致)如果条件从句的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。(一分为二！！)Ifhehadtakenthemedicineintimeyesterday,

hewouldnotbesufferingsomuchnow.一般来说，都是从句表示过去，主句表示现在！【链接高考】1.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen分析：Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,you…4.含蓄(隐含条件)的虚拟条件句有时虚拟条件不用条件状语从句，而是通过用介词短语(with,without,butfor,otherwise)等表示出来。a.

With

yourhelp,wewouldfinishthejobearlier.=(Ifyoushould/weretohelpus)b.Icouldn’thavefinishedthejobwithoutyourhelp.=(Ifyouhadnothelpedme)c.Butfor(要不是)yourhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedthejob.=(Ifyouhadnothelpedme)e.Youhelpedmealot,otherwise,hewouldhavecometotheparty.=(Ifyouhadn’thelpedmealot)1.Withoutelectricityhumanlife__quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I_____thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon【链接高考】二.虚拟语气在wish引导的宾语从句中wishthat过去

haddone/hadbeen现在

did/were将来

would/could/mightdo注意：主句中wish从句的各种时态都不影响从句的时态。（不能用should！）Iwished(that)wewereathome.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgowithyoutomorrow.【链接高考】1.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2."Heisaverybraveman.""Yes.IwishI___hiscourage."A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave3.---"HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?"---"No,butIwishI______."A.haveB.willC.doD.had三.asif/asthough从句中的虚拟,谓语动词变化的形式和wish引导的宾语从句一样1.Helooksasifhe____________(sleep)lastnight.2.Shelooksatherhusbandasifhe________(be)astranger.3.Itseemsasifhe_____________(make)alotofmoney.hadn’tsleptwouldmakewere1.Hetalksasifhe_____alltheworkhimself,butinfactTomandIdidmostofit.A.woulddoB.doesC.haddoneD.shoulddo2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooks

asifit_____.A.breaksB.hadbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken【链接高考】四.ifonly(要是…就好了)感叹句型,谓语动词变化的形式和wish引导的宾语从句一样现在were/dide.g.IfonlyIknewtheanswer!过去haddone/hadbeene.g.IfonlyIhadmetherearly!将来woulddoe.g.Ifonlyhewouldcomeearlytomorrow!Ifonlyhe______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.(2000上海)A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie【链接高考】五、能用“(should)+动词原形”的词1.表示“建议、命令、要求、请求、坚持”等词引导的主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句，都用此结构。(1244法则)一坚持insist，二命令order,command，四要求demand,require,request,desire四建议advise,suggest,propose,recommend动词名词一坚持insistinsistence

二命令ordercommandordercommand四建议advisesuggestproposerecommendadvicesuggestionproposalrecommendation四要求demandrequirerequestdesiredemandrequirementrequestdesire以suggest为例：主语从句1.Itissuggested(thattheboy(should)besentthere.)宾语从句2.Isuggest

(thattheboy(should)besentthere.)表语从句3.Mysuggestionis(thattheboy(should)besentthere.)同位语从句4.Ihaveansuggestion

(thattheboy(should)besentthere.)1.insist表示已发生或已存在的事实或现象用陈述语气，不用虚拟，表示将来要去做的事实时候用虚拟。e.g.Hestillinsistedhe________(notbe)thereatthetime.Heinsistedthathe____________(notsteal)themoney.

Theyinsistedthattheboy____________(go)withthemtomorrow.2.suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，不用虚拟(就是看意思)。e.g.Thelatestfiguressuggestthatbusinessisimproving.Hisworksuggeststhatheisreadyformoreresponsibility.insist与suggest的特殊用法wasn’tdidn’tsteal(should)go【链接高考】1.Thecommanderorderedthatthewounded______tohospitalrightaway.A.tobesentB.besentC.sendD.shouldsend2.Theyrequestedthathe____ontheradio.A.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.wouldspeak3.Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandsthey_______putforwardareturneddown.A.couldB.wouldC./D.had(2006福建)4.Teachersrecommendparents______theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow5.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody___therules.A.obeysB.willobeyC.obeyD.wouldobey6."Theexperimenthasfailed.""Isuggestyou_____again."A.tryingB.willtryC.tryD.wouldtry7.Heinsistedthathe_______inthecase.A.hadn’tinvolvedB.weren’tinvolvedC.hadn’tbeeninvolvedD.wasn’tinvolved8.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies____tothevillagewithoutdelay.A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent2.Itisnecessary/important/strange/surprisingthat…Itisapity/ashame/nowonder…that…(这类主语从句表示“惊讶、不相信、惋惜、理应如此”等意思.)e.g.It’snaturalthatshe(should)doso.It’ssurprisingthathe(should)havedone

suchwrongtoanoldman.五.能用“(should)+动词原形”的句型Itisstrangethathe______lateforschoolyesterday.A.shouldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.hadbeenD.willbe六.Itis(high/about)timethat句型

were/did

shoulddo(不能省略！！！)【例】该是上学的时候了。It’stimeforustogotoschool.Itistimethatwewent/shouldgotoschool.e.g.It’shightimethatwestudents_____evenharderatourlessonsasthenationalentranceexaminationiscomingnearer.A.workB.willworkC.workedD.havetoworksb.七.主语+wouldrather+宾语从句

didsth.(现在/将来)e.g.Wewouldratherthatwecameheretomorrow.Wewouldratherthatyouwerenotherenow.

haddonesth.(过去)e.g.Iwouldratherthatshehadn’tdoneitthen.

sb.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_____moreonitsculture.(2010江苏)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused【链接高考】