英语：名词性从句课件

NOUNClauseGrammar名词性从句名词：名词的

性质：从：句:book;friend;KateThisis

.

isinteresting.Ibought

today.

likesthebook.从属，服从，不独立句子，动词表现为时态形式同位语宾语主语表语ThebookabookthebookMyfriendKate（对前面名词内容进行解释）如果不是由news,story,question,garden这样的名词充当主语/宾语/表语/同位语，而是由一个句子替代了这个本该由名词充当的成分时，会怎样?主语

____________________

istrue.宾语

Ibelieve_________________.表语

Thatis

______________________.同位语（对前面名词内容进行解释）Iaccepted____________________________________________________________.They’ll

visit__________________________________________________________________.WhathetalkedaboutThenewshisstorywhathetoldmewhatheaskedmehisquestion.

thatallofusshouldattendthemeetingtomorrowhisopinion

abeautifulcityinChina.Hangzhou从句从句从句从句名词性从句，不缺成分，只陈述that从句缺主语/宾语/表语sth.what从句缺宾语/表语sb.who;（whom）从句不缺成分，表示质疑，是否whetherIf（宾语从句）其他情况与疑问句的提问词一样连接代词/副词☆其他情况：与疑问句的提问词一样谁的 哪一个 怎么样为什么在/去什么地方 在什么时侯

感叹“多么…!” 因为

WhosewhichhowwhywhereWhenWhat/how(同感叹句一样）because★一、名词性从句连接词的选用

1.that

和what

的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。

但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名

词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主

语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从

句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacheris

saying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.9._____hasmadeChina_____itisnow.

WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhatWhatwhatwhether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：1).引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，用whether，不用if，如：

Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.

Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.

Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisimportant.2).whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能，如：

I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.

2.whether与if的辨用5).用if会引起歧义时。Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。3).whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能，如：

Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.4).whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if

Idon’tknowwhetheritisrightornot.Practicetime:

if/whether

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.______wewillholdapartyintheopenair

tomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

______theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.9.______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherIf3.其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的

选择who、which、when、where、why、

how等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，

又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。

________weshallholdoursportsmeetingis

notdecided.

我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。

Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.

我不知道他长的什么样子。

Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.

这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。

Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.

Whenwhowhatwherepracticetime:That

they

are

good

at

English

is

known

to

us

all.The

problem

is

that

we

don’t

have

enough

moneyShe

expressed

the

hope

that

they

would

come

to

China

one

day.1.)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。4.that不能省略的情况2).当在inthat/exceptthat固定短语中，that不可省掉。

Smokingisharmfulinthatitdamagesourhealth.Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheislazy.3).It做形式宾语的宾语从句：Idon’tthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishloudly.4).并列宾语从句中，从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略Hetoldme(that)hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtomakealivingalone.5).当that宾语从句中状语部分位于从句前部时，Tellhimthatifhecomestomorrow,pleasecallme.6).当that前有插入语时Tomdidn’tknow,I’msure,thathissisterwasgoingtoJapan.that/(that)1.Idon’tthink________sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity________hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_________heiscareless.

4.Thenews________ourteamwonthematch

inspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_________youshould

readEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme__________hisfatherhaddied

and__________hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that5.疑问词

+

ever和no

matter

+

疑问词的区别：

①疑问词

+

ever可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。

Whoever

breaks

the

rule

must

be

punished.

You

can

choose

whatever

you

like

in

the

shop.

②疑问词

+

ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：

Whoever

breaks

the

rule,

he

must

be

punished,

Whatever

you

do,

you

must

do

it

well.

③no

matter

+

疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

No

matter

what

you

do,

you

must

do

it

well.

No

matter

who

breaks

the

rule,

he

must

be

punished.

Nomatter+疑问词可换成疑问词+everwhatever/whoever

的功用：Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever不含疑问意义。Whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho1.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished.____________breaksthelawistobepunished.Anyonewho2.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo____________hewantsthemtodo.anythingthat他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。

Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？

Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()

Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()FTTF★二、名词性从句的语序———陈述语序名词性从句

的健康问题避免名词性从句翻肠倒肚痛苦不堪Canyoutellmewhat__________readingnow?Nobodycanunderstandwhat_____reallyinterestedin.areyouishe————————————————————————————一、宾语从句1.作动词的宾语Ihear(that)hewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.注意：1)doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if

引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。besure

用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。2)动词insist(坚持,主张),order(命令),command(命令),prefer(宁愿),suggest(建议),advise(建议)propose(提议)demand(要求),request(要求),ask,require(要求),等词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略Itwassuggestedthatmoreteachersshouldbesenttheretohelpthem.Tominsistedthathisleadershipberecognizedbyalltheboys.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。

Thesmileonhisfacesuggested

thathehadpassedtheexamination.Heinsisted

thatwhathedidwasright.名词性从句

的健康问题that_____weshouldtakephysicalexerciseeveryday

it避免名词性从句大腹便便有碍观瞻veryimportanttheproblemIthink3.It作为形式宾语：4.否定的转移主句的谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定词not,一般要把否定词not转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定.Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell,doesn’tit5.宾语从句的时态1)主句用过去时,从句用一般过去时(如从句表示客观真理,可用现在时)Didyouseethattheboyswereplayingfootballontheplaygroundatthattime?YesterdayTomsaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.2)主句为现在时时,从句可根据需要选用各种时态IthinkthattheGreen’shaveleftforHawaii.Iwanttoknowif/whetherhewillgosurfingthisafternoon.asif/though常与look,seem,sound等连系动词连用.Itlooksasifitisn’tcleanenoughtobathehere.

I’vlovedyouasifyouweremyson.Thetownew-comerstalkedasiftheyhadknowneachotherforages.二、表语从句2.Thereasonisthat…It/This/Thatisbecause…Itiswhy…3.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）startearlytomorrow.名词性从句

的健康问题That_________________________________________isverylikely___ourclassteamwillwintheschoolbasketballmatchIt避免名词性从句头重脚轻摔跟头三、表语从句：1.it作形式主语的四个主要句型1)It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.2)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.

=Mr.GreenissaidtohavearrivedinBeijing.

4)It+不及物动词(seem,happen等)+that从句ItseemedthatAlicewasnotcomingtothepartyatall.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.=Aliceseemednottobecomingtothepartyatall.=Ihappenedtobeoutthatday.2.主语从句的主谓一致主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓语动词多用单数.如果由and

连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。

what引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数.When

the

meeting

will

begin

has

not

been

decided

yet.

When

they

will

start

and

where

they

go

have

not

been

decided

yet.

Whenandwherewe’llgo

isn’tdecided.Whatweneed

arebooks/iswater.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：ItisnecessaryIt’simportant,It’snaturalstrange,etc.)

that…

用主语从句完成句子.1._____________________(她赢了这场比赛)madeusveryhappy.2.________________(所需要的)iscarefulpreparation.3.__________________________(她是否来)doesn’tmattertoomuch.4.Thathewillsucceediscertain.(用it句型改写)______________________________________5.Whyhedidthisisnotknown.(用it句型改写)______________________________________ThatshewonthegameWhatisneededWhethersheiscomingornot

Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.

Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.

练练同位语从句常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。1.同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,关联词多用从属连词that.Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefact

that

youweresick.四、同位语从句2.表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）Thisisouronlyrequest

thatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.Thegeneralgavetheorder

that

thesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.3.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别句法功能上意义上that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句只起连接从句的作用,无意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,不可省略替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当句子成分.若在从句中作宾语可省略.从句是被修饰名词的内容从句起限定作用,是定语Thenews

that

Mr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.Thenews

that

hetoldmeyesterdayistrue.同位语从句,that不可省略定语从句,that在从句中作told的宾语,可省略4.特殊的名词性从句Ihave

somedoubt_________hereallytoldusthetruth.Wehave

nodoubt_____Chinawillmeetnewchallengesindevelopingeconomy.whetherthat1.Ihavenoidea_________hecomesfrom.

2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion________he

gotthemoney.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions________we

shouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt________hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhether填上适当的连接词练练吧1.固定句式：①强调句Itis/was+强调部分＋that/who…②

疑问词＋doyouthink+(用陈述句语序)Whodoyouthinkweinvitedtogiveusthetalk?注意事项例题____youhaveseenbothfighters,____willwin?Since;doyouthinkwhoAs;whoyouthinkWhen;whoeverSince;whodoyouthink2.名词性从句和定语从句的联系

名词/代词+定语从句

=名词性从句1.Hehasdonewhathecantohelpme.--Hehasdone________hecantohelpme.WhatIwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.--________Iwanttosayhasnothingtodowithit.

allthatAllthat

例题3.Whoeverbreaksthelawistobepunished.____________breaksthelawistobepunished.4.Hewillgivethedictionarytowhoeverneedsifmost.Hewillgivethedictionaryto__________needsitmost.5.We’llrememberwhomeverweturnedtoforhelp.We’llremember______________weturnedtoforhelp.6.Theywilldowhateverhewantsthemtodo.Theywilldo____________hewantsthemtodo.7.I’llreadwhicheverbookyougiveme.I’llread____ofthe

books_____

yougiveme.AnyonewhoanyonewhoAnyone(whom)anythingthatanythat名词性从句解题三部曲着眼点在于表现为有时态形式的动词（动词时态）根据有时态动词来确定主句。查看主句是否缺少本该由名词充当的成分。***

如果本该由名词充当的成分，却由一个句子来代替（其中一定有一个表现为时态形式的动词），把它定为名词性从句。然后根据主句所缺名词性成分，明确其为何种类型名词性从句。***最后根据该类型从句本身所缺成分，确定适当连结代词(副词),并放在从句句首。***不缺成分，只陈述that从句缺主语/宾语/表语sth.what从句缺宾语/表语sb.who;（whom）从句不缺成分，表示质疑，是否whetherIf（宾语从句）其他情况与疑问句的提问词一样连接代词/副词经典试题1.Astorygoes___ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that2.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether3.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars__roadconditionneed__.A.that,tobeimprovingB.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improvingDBA经典试题4.Wecannotfigureout____quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when5.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin____wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where6.Parentsaretaughttounderstand__importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.A.thatB.howC.suchD.so7.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis____Idisagree.A.whyB.whereC.whatD.howCABB经典试题8.AfterYangLiw