英语四六级考试阅读专项练习试题包括7

英语四六级考试阅读专项练习试题包含7英语四六级考试阅读专项练习试题包含7英语四六级考试阅读专项练习试题包含72021年12月英语四六级考试阅读专项练习题及答案(7)ImmigrantsAllAvisitortoLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarborwouldseeoneofthemostimportantnationalmonumentsintheUnitedStates.RisingthreehundredfivefeetabovetheislandstandstheStatueofLiberty,whichsinceitsformalunveiling(揭幕)onOctober28,1886,hasservedconstantlytoremindAmericansofthelong-lastingfriendshipthathasexistedbetweentheUnitedStatesandFrance.AsimmigrantstotheUnitedStatespassthestatuewithitsenormoustorchpointingskyward,theymaynoticethebrokenchainatthestatue'sfeet,symbolizingthepeopleofanationburstingthebondsintheirmightystruggleforafreeformofgovernmentandtheensuingliberties.Totheforty-onemillionimmigrantswhohavearriveduponourshoresduringthepastonehundredfortyyears,theselinesindicatedthatthepoor,hungry,andpersecutedcouldfindfreedomandopportunityintheNewWorld.TheyarrivedinsuchlargenumbersthatbytheendofthenineteenthcenturysomeAmericanshaddoubtsconcerningthepolicyofadmittingunlimitednumbersofimmigrants.By1921,thisviewpointwaswidelyaccepted.Duringthe1930'swediscoveredthatemigrationfromthisnationwasattimeslargerthanimmigrationtothisnation.Thehistoryofthesesignificantdevelopmentsdividesitselfintothethreeclearlydefinedperiods.PeriodofEarlyImmigrationTheperiodfrom1790to1861isconsideredastheperiodofearlyimmigration.In1790,oneyearafterthenewgovernmentwasorganized,thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswasapproximately4,000,000.Ofthatnumbermorethanseventy-fivepercentweredescendantsofimmigrantswhohadsailedwestwardfromEnglandandnorthernIreland.By1810therewereprobably5,000to6,000immigrantsperyear.Atabout1820theratebegantoincrease.By1840thenewarrivalsnumberedmorethan80,000yearly.Thenumbercontinuedtoincreaseuntil,in1854,itreachedatotalof428,000.AlthoughmanyofthesecontinuedtocomefromGreatBritain,thelargestnumberswereofGermanandIrishorigin.AtricklewasnowapparentfromItaly,Austria-Hungary,andthenationsofScandinavia.ThePeriodoftheLaterImmigrationtheinfluxofimmigrantsbybuildingstandsinthefieldsnexttotheharborofNewYorkCityandofferingsumsofmoneytothenewcomersiftheywouldjointhearmy.Inthepost-warperiodimmigrantseagerlysailedforAmericaasthe"goldenlandofopportunity"where"thestreetswerepavedwithbricksofgold".Therapidgrowthofindustryandreportsofourprosperitycontinuedtocallthousandsofimmigrantstoourlandlongafterthewarneedswereover.TheseinducementsanddescriptionsofAmericamotivatedimmigrantstosailfortheUnitedStatesinlargenumbersduringthisentireperiod.SomanycamethattheAmericanpeoplebecameconcernedabouttheopen-doorpolicy.In1882thefirstrestrictivelawwaspassed.Thislawforbadeacceptanceofpeoplewhowerelunatics,idiots,immoralpersons,paupers,andpersonslikelytobecomepubliccharges.In1885theAlienContractLaborLawwaspassed,prohibitingAmericanemployersfromimportinglaborersfromEuropeundercontract.PeriodofSevereRestrictionsofthetotalnumberofimmigrantswhowantedtocometotheUnitedStates,sothenumberofimmigrantsarrivingherewasnotgreatlyreduced.Thefirstdrasticmeasuretakentoreduceimmigrationwasthequotalawpassedin1921.Thislawlimitedthenumberofimmigrantsfromanyonecountryto3percentofthenationalityofthatcountrywhichwasintheUnitedStatesin1910.Thelawof1924reducedthequotasto2percentbasedonthe1890census.Asaresult,in1925only294,000immigrantswereadmitted.Lateramendmentsweremadetothelawof1924in1929.Theseamendmentsstatedthatthetotalannualquotacouldnotexceed150,000.The150,000tobeadmittedfromallnationsunderthe1929amendmentweretobeapportionedintermsofthenumberofpeopleofagivennation'soriginlivingintheUnitedStatesin1920andthetotalpopulationinthesameyear.Thismeantthatanationaloriginwhichrepresented10percentofthetotalpopulationin1920wouldhaveaquotaof15,000fromtheforeigncountrywhichsenttherespectiveimmigrants.Thislaw,inadditiontostillfurtherrestrictingimmigration,assigned83percentofthetotaltonationsofwesternandnorthernEuropeandtheremaindertosouthernandeasternEuropeannations.Duringthefollowingtenyears(1931-1940)only528,431peoplesoughtanewhomeinourUnitedStates.Thiswasfewerthanarrivedinthedecadeofthe1830's,acenturyearlier.Thiseffectmaybeattributedtotherestrictivelegislationcombinedwiththeconsequencesoftheeconomicdepressionofthe1930's.Itisimportanttonotethatduringthisten-yearspanof1931to1940,459,738emigratedfromourcountrybacktothecountriesoftheirorigin,inmostinstances.Thewaryearsofthe1940'sandthecontinuationofthe1929legislationkeptimmigrationatanaverageof100,000peryearinthedecadeof1941-1950.OnJune27,1952,theImmigrationandNationalityActbecamethelawoftheland.Itdiscontinuedracialbars(RIfjj'|4MAt!)onimmigrationbutdidnotgiveupthequotasystembasedonnationalorigins.AsiaticnationswerepermittedanannualquotabaseduponaformulaliketheonegiventoEuropeannations.Underthisact,immigrationwasrestrictedtoamaximumof154,657withmostofthemigrantstocomefromnorthernandwesternEurope.Oneyearlater,in1953,permissionwasgrantedtoallow214,000refugeestoentertheUnitedStatesduringthefollowingthreeyears.Thiswasinadditiontothenumberspermittedunderthelawof1952.Sincethen,theimmigrationlawhasbeenfurtherliberalized.IfapublicopinionpollweretakenintheUnitedStatestoday,itwouldmostprobablyshowthatamajorityofAmericansfavorrestrictingimmigration.Theoverwhelmingmajority,however,favorlegislationtopermittheadmissionofimmigrantswhocancontributetothedevelopmentandprogressofthenation.In1780,3,000,000AmericansweredescendedfromimmigrantsofEnglandandnorthernIreland.ThenewgovernmentoftheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1789.The1929amendmentmerelyservedtorestrictimmigrationtotheU.S..Theyearsfrom1861to1917witnessedaneedforimmigrantsasworkersinindustryandlaborersfromrailroadconstruction.TherestrictionofimmigrationtotheU.S.wasoneofthefactorsleadingtotheeconomicdepressionofthe1930s.Thedepressionofthe1930swasdealtwithbypermittingimmigrantswhocouldcontributetothedevelopmentandprogre