四级真题及答案详解2005年12月

A)ItcanhelpsolvecomplexItwillmostlikelyproveItisanewweaponagainstItwillhelpdetectallkindsofA)Help recruitgraduateVisitthe nextGetapart-timejoboncampusbeforeApplyforajobintheSectionBPassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Ithabeenproventobethebestpain-ItisapossiblecureforheartItcanhelplowerhighbodytemperatureItreducesthechanceofdeathforheartsurgeryA)ItkeepsbloodvesselsfrombeingItspeedsuptheirrecoveryafterItincreasesthebloodflowtotheItadjuststheirbloodA)ItisharmfultoheartsurgerypatientswithstomachItshouldnotbetakenbyheartsurgerypatientsbeforetheItwillhaveconsiderablesideeffectsiftakeninlargePassageQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheystronglybelieveinfamilyTheyareverylikelytosucceedinTheytendtotakeresponsibilityforTheyareinthehabitofobeyingtheirA)TheygrowuptobefunnyandTheyoftenhaveapoorsenseofTheygetlessattentionfromtheirTheytendtobesmartandstrong-A)Theyusuallydon’tfollowfamilyTheydon’tliketotakechancesintheirTheyarelesslikelytobesuccessfulinTheytendtobelieveintheirparent’sPassageQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheywantedtofollowhisTheyfullysupportedhisTheywerepuzzledbyhisTheywereafraidhewasn’tfullyA)ItismoreexcitingthanspaceItismuchcheaperthanspaceItismuchsaferthanspaceItislesstime-consumingthanspaceA)Theybothattractscientists’TheycanbothbequiteTheyareboththought-TheymaybothleadtosurprisingA)ToshowhowsimplethemechanicalaidsfordivingcanToprovideanexcuseforhischangeableToexplorethephilosophicalissuesofspaceToexinwhyhetookupunderwaterPartIIReadingcomprehension(35minutes)PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingJustfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker.Frito-Lay.Thinksotherwise.”Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,the ’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmerica.ownedbyPepsiCo.profits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow.thehastolookoverseas.Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:firstaglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete.Andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept.”Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthanconsumes-especiallyyoungpeople-seeaspartofamodem,innovative(创新的)worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmost,forinstance,do ’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo(标识).Thelogo,alongwiththe long-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips.wouldhelpfacilitatethe ’sglobalexpansion.TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Rater,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsof enterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives,”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive. Potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworld mustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticThelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmof potatoPeopletheworldoverenjoyeating ’spotatoWhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraphItsproductsusetobepopularamongoverseasItsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackItgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoits ItneedstoturntothewordmarketforOneoftheassumptionsonwhichFrito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbygloballocalbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanproductssuitingconsumers’needsbringmoreproductsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketWhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-LaylogoTosuitchangingtastesofyoungTopromote ‘sstrategyofTochange ’slong-heldmarketingTocompetewithotherAmericanchipintheinternational won‘taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalwillleadtoeconomicwillbeintheinterestofthelocalwon’tspoilthetasteoftheirPassageQuestion26to30arebasedonthefollowingIncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainschoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.”We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsail.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.”Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent(有综合能力的).Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthentosolvethisThe22,000-studentdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth.“It’sextraordinary.NobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethingCoffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergency ingypa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll(工资tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsits38schools.AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection.,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanforum()。“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolAhugefinancialproblemhasManyschoolsthereareLotsofteachersinthedistrictarenningtoMany nelhavebeenlaidHowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?TheyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutTheyaccusedthoseresponsibleforTheypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveTheydemandedathroughIntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis WhydidCoffmanrequestanToseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheTofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesoftheTomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereTostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbong attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirappealtothepublicforcontributionsandexposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirkeeppeopleproperlyinformedofthePassageQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowing“Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise.”SaidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantotheeffectsofstressonthebody.Whilehere’sonquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou..Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderablealsoboostimmune(function.InastudyattheAcademicCenterforDentistryinAmsterdam,researchersputvolunteersthroughtwostressfulexperiences.Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsthroughagory(血淋淋的)onsurgicalprocedures.ThosewhodidwellonthememorytesthadanincreaseinlevelsofimmunoglobulinA,anantibodythat’sthebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstgerms.The-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibody.Stresspromptsthebodytoproducecertainstresshormones.Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovedmemoryfunction.“Theycanhelpnervecellshandleinformationandputitintostorage,”saysDr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversityinNewYork.Butinthelongrunthesehormonescanhaveaharmfuleffectonthebodyandbrain.“Sustainedstressisnotgoodforyou,”saysRichardMorimoto,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisstudyingtheeffectsofstressonlongevity,”It’stheoccasionalburstofstressorbriefexposuretostressthatcouldbeprotective.”Thepassageismainly thebenefitsofmanageablestayawayrunoutputupTheword“shun”(Line1,Para.1)mostprobably cutdownstayawayrunoutputup peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoorpeoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorengchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’sstresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstIntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3,the-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibodybecause thewasnotenjoyableat ewasbeyondtheirtheyknewlittleaboutsurgicaltheyfeltnopressurewhilewatchingtheDr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversitybelieves ’smemoryisdeterminedbythelevelofhormonesinstresshormoneshavelastingpositiveeffectsontheshortburstsofstresshormonesenhancememory ’smemoryimproveswithexperienceofPassageQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:”Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthewhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallyngsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherhasdone.Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidstheorinsulting,andwhichthewhoisapologizingshouldpromiseatoanyspecificimprovement.Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryButevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelpto eawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.Ifamotheradds”but”toan shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveshedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurtthechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertothechildmayfeelthatheowesheranAccordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostprobablymeans” YouhavegoodreasontogetI’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoIapologizeforhurtingyourI’matfaultformakingyouItisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapology itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptyitmaymakethe feelitisvagueanditishurtfulandWelearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosay thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbetheiragesshouldbetakenintoparentsneedtosetthemagoodparentsshouldbepatientandItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperly asocialissuecallingforimmediatenotnecessaryamongfamilyasignofsocialnotassimpleasitPartIIIVocabularySomepeoplebelievethatsinceoilisscarce,the industryisuncertain.terminalB)benefitC)fateTospeeduptheautomaticsorting.

ofletters,thePostOfficeA)treatmentB)deliveryC)transmissionTheseoverseasstudentsshowgreat forlearninganewenthusiasmB)authorityC)conventionThedefenselawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneof ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.A)observersB)witnessesC)audiencesD)viewersPoliticallythesenationstendtobe ,withveryhighbirthratesbutpooreducationandverylowlevelsofli unstableB)reluctantC)rationalThechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary worklastweek.taketoB)takeoutC)takeawayD)take"Youtrytogetsomesleep.I‘ll thepatient‘s"saidtheseetoB)sticktoC)gettoD)leadTheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace. ,thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.ThereforeB)FurthermoreC)AccordinglyThebankrefusedtobuyingahouse.

himanymoney,sohehadtoA)creditB)borrowC)loanThemoreanation‘s

factoriesabroad,smallerthatcountry‘srecordedexportswillA)lieB)spotC)standBeingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasan thelaw.excuseB)intentionC)optionWithintwodays,thearmyfiredmorethantwohundredsmissilesatmilitary inthecoastalA)goalsB)aimsC)targetsItissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital ofmilk.storageB)sourceC)reserve“Thislightis

formetoreadby.Don’twehavebrighterbulbsomewhere”;saidtheelderlyA)mildB)dimC)minuteWehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecan andgoanotherreliableB)probableC)feasibleWearequitesurethatwecan ourpresentdifficultiesandfinishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.getacrossB)getoverC)getawayD)get InviewofB)InfavorofC)IncaseofD)InmemoryJessicawas fromthewarehousetotheaccountingoffice,whichwasconsideredapromotion.deliveredB)exchangedC)transferredMr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto anewparagraphintheannualreportshewasty.injectB)installC)invadeThere‘sthelivingroomstillto

,sothat‘smyA)abandonedB)decoratedC)dissolvedTheoldpapermillhasbeen tomakewayforanewshophelddownB)keptdownC)cutdownD)turnItmaybenecessarytostop inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.atadistanceB)atintervalsC)atcaseD)at a A)depositB)dealC)fareMygrandfatherhadalwaystakena interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.splendidB)weightyC)vague developmentofindustryandExcessiveB)ExtensiveC)ExtremeJohncannotaffordtogotouniversity, goingMostlaboratoryandfieldstudiesofhumanbehavior asituationalphotographatagiventimeandinagivence.involveB)composeC)encloseIfyoudon’tliketoswim,

aswellstayatA)shouldB)mayC)canDr.Smithwasalways thepoorandthesick,oftenprovidingthemwithmedicalcare.remindedofB)absorbedinC)tendedbyD)concernedabout70.ThomasJeffersonandJohnAdamsdiedonJuly4,1826,thefiftieth_ ofAmericanceremonyB)occasionC)occurrenceD)PartIVCloze(15minutes)Asaphysicianwhotravelsquitealot,Ispendalotoftimeonneslisteningforthatdreaded“Isthereadoctoronboard?”announcement.I’vebeen71onlyonce–forawomanwhohadmerelyfainted.Butthe72mademequitecuriousabouthow73thiskindofthinghappensIwonderedwhatIwoulddoif74witharealmidairmedicalemergency-withoutaccess75ahospitalstaffandtheusualemergencyequipment.So76theNewEnglandJournalofMedicinelastweek77astudyaboutin–flightmedicalevents.Ireadit78interest.Thestudyestimatedthattherearea(n)79of30in-flightmedicalemergenciesonU.S.flightseveryday.Mostofthemarenot80;faintinganddizzinessarethemostfrequentcomints.8113%ofthem–roughlyfouraday–areseriousenoughto82apilottochangecourse.Themostcommonoftheseriousemergencies83hearttrouble.strokes,anddifficultybreathing.Let’sfaceit:neridesare84.Forstarters,cabinpressuresathighaltitudesaresetatroughly85theywouldbeifyoulivedat5,000to8,000feetabovesealevel.Mostpeoplecantoleratethesetheirblood.88commonin-flightproblemisdeepvenousthrombosistheso-calledeconomyclasssyndrome.89happens,don’tpanic.Thingsaregettingbetteronthein-flight-emergencyfront.Thankstomorerecentlegislation,flightswithat90oneattendant71A)calledB)addressedC)Informed72A)AccidentB)conditionC)73A)soonB)longC)many74A)confrontedB)treatedC)identifiedD)provided75A)forB)toC)byD)through76A)beforeB)sinceC)when77A)collectedB)conductedC)discoveredD)published78A)byB)ofC)withD)in79A)amountB)averageC)sumD)number80A)significantB)heavyC)commonD)serious81A)ForB)OnC)ButD)So82A)requireB)inspireC)engageD)command83A)includeB)confineC)implyD)contain84A)enjoyableB)stimulatingC)tediousD)stressful85A)whoB)whatC)which86A)harshlyB)reluctantlyC)easilyD)casually87A)oughttoB)mayC)usedtoD)need88A)AnyB)OneC)Other89A)WhateverB)WhicheverC)WheneverD)Wherever90A)mostB)worstC)leastD)bestPartVWriting(30shouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoPartIListeningComprehension(20A)SeeaC)Thewomanpreferstotakethe2:30D)She’llconsultDr.GarciaaboutenteringgraduateA)Alicedidn’tseemtobenervousduringherC)TherearemoreextremesintheB)AtaA)Themancanstayinherbrother’sC)It’smoreeffectivetocombinelisteningwithB)ItwillmostlikelyproveD)Applyforajobinthe D)ItreducesthechanceofdeathforheartsurgeryA)ItkeepsbloodvesselsfrombeingB)TheyareverylikelytosucceedinC)TheygetlessattentionfromtheirA)Theyusuallydon’tfollowfamilyC)TheywerepuzzledbyhisB)ItismuchcheaperthanspaceB)TheycanbothbequiteD)ToexinwhyhetookupunderwaterPartIIReadingComprehension(35 D)Itneedstoturntothewordmarketf