Gene-Technolgy-My-Science-Corner基因技术我的科学角教学课件

GeneTechnolgyMyScienceCorner基因技术我的科学角46、寓形宇内复几时，曷不委心任去留。47、采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。48、啸傲东轩下，聊复得此生。49、勤学如春起之苗，不见其增，日有所长。50、环堵萧然，不蔽风日；短褐穿结，箪瓢屡空，晏如也。GeneTechnolgyMyScienceCorner基因技术我的科学角GeneTechnolgyMyScienceCorner基因技术我的科学角46、寓形宇内复几时，曷不委心任去留。47、采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。48、啸傲东轩下，聊复得此生。49、勤学如春起之苗，不见其增，日有所长。50、环堵萧然，不蔽风日；短褐穿结，箪瓢屡空，晏如也。GeneTechnologyI.DNAIdentificationHumansarenotgeneticallyalike,exceptfortwins0.10%ofhumangenomeisdifferentfrompersontopersonDNAIDcomparessamplesinregionsofachromosomethatdifferPaternity,IDhumanremains,tracinghumanorigins,forensicStepsinDNAIDCopyingDNA:PolymeraseChainReaction(PCR)CuttingDNA:RestrictionenzymesSortingDNAbySize:GelElectrophoresisCopyingDNA:PCRTemplateDNAAddDNApolymerase(Taqpolymerase)FreenucleotidesPrimersHeatDNAstrandsseparateCool–allowsprimersbindtooriginalDNADNApolymeraseaddsfreenucleotidesHeatagaintorepeattheprocessCuttingDNA:RestrictionEnzymesMadefrombacterialproteinsNamedafterthebacteriatheywerearefromCutsspecificDNAsequences“Stickyends”BluntendsSortingDNA:GelElectrophoresisCutDNAwithrestrictionenzymesRunrestrictionfragmentsShorterfragmentsrunfasterTransferDNAtonylonmembraneAddradioactiveprobesthatbindtocomplementaryDNAExposeX-rayfilmtoradio-labeledmembranePatternofbandstheDNAfingerprintGelElectrophoresisequipmentGelbeingstainedafterelectrophoresisGelshowingDNAAccuracyofDNAFingerprintsDNAfingerprintingcomparesfivetothirteenVNTRlociThirteenlociproduceoddsthattwopeoplewillshareaDNAprofileataboutonein100billionRemember:6.5billionpeopleonearthII.RecombinantDNACombiningDNAfromtwoindividualsGeneticengineeringProcessofalteringthegeneticmaterialofcellsororganismstoallowthemtomakenewsubtancesClonesExactcopyofDNAsegment,awholecell,oracompleteorganismsVectorsUsuallybacteriumoryeast;carriesforeignDNAStepsinmakingrecombinantDNAIsolateDNAplasmidandgeneofinterestPlasmidSmallringsofDNAfoundinbacteriaCutbothplasmidandgenewithrestrictionenzymes(stickyends)DNAligasejoinsplasmidandgeneInsertrecombinantplasmidintohostbacteriumBacteriaisallowedtogrowIdentifydesiredDNAusingaprobeProbeStrandofRNAorsingle-strandedDNAthatisradioactivelylabeledApplicationsforDNATechnologyForensicsIdentifycriminalsandfreewronglyaccusedTracehumanoriginsTreathumandiseasesHumanGenomeProjectSequence3.3billionnucleotidesofthehumangenomeMapthelocationofeverygeneoneachchromosome20scientificlabsin6countriesReleaseddraftsequencein2001Importantinsights2%codesforproteinsUnequaldistributionofexonsinchromosomesSmallerthanestimatedRNAisusedinregulatinggeneexpressionExonsaresplicedinmanywaysallowingthesamegenetoencodedifferentversionsofproteinProteome–organism’scompletesetofproteinsAbouthalfcomefromshufflingoftransposonsPiecesofDNAthatmovefromonechromosomelocationtoanotherNoroleindevelopmentorphysiology8millionsinglenucleotidepolymorphisms(SNP)UniquespotswhereindividualsdifferbyasinglenucleotideGenomesizesFutureofGenomicsBioinformaticsCombinesbiologicalscience,computerscience,andinformationtechnologytodiscovernewbiologicalinsightsandunifyingprinciplesUsedatabasestostoreandintegratedatafromgenomicresearchProteomicsStudyofallofanorganism’sproteinsIdentities,structures,interactions,andabundance2DgelelectrophoresisMicroarrays2DarrangementofDNAmoleculesrepresentingthousandsofclonedgenesShowwhichgenesareactiveinacellUsedtoclassifycanterinpatientsGeneticEngineeringMedicalApplicationsGenetherapyIntroductionofhealthygeneintopatient’scellsWorkswellfordisordersresultingfromlossofsingleproteinStepsingenetherapyIsolatefunctionalgeneInserthealthygeneintoviralvectorIntroducerecombinantvirustothepatientHemophilia,AIDS,somecancersCloningNucleartransferIntroductionofnucleusfromabodycellintoaneggcellProducesidenticalorganismsasdonornucleusDolly,thesheep,1996Diedofprematureaginganddisease6yrsoldVaccinesAsubstancethatproducesimmunitytodiseaseDNAvaccineMadefromtheDNAofapathogenbutdoesnothavedisease-causingcapabilitiesInjectedintopatientAIDS,malaria,certaincancersAgriculturalapplicationsProductionofgeneticallymodifiedcropsIncreaseyieldbymakingplantsresistanttodiseaseImprovenutritionalvalueBioethicsStudyofethicalissuesrelatedtoDNAtechnologyGeneticallymodifiedcropsGen