新编大学英语3Unit6课件

UnitSixManandAnimalsTrytonameasmanyanimalsaspossible.birdbutterflypeacockbeedovepigeoneaglecuckoobatchickenduckcockgooseparrothenswancatseagullcrowdeersparrowdogmuleswallowratowldragonflypigasshorseoxgoatdolphinbullcowcalflionzebratigercamelpandafoxbearleopardelephantwolfsnakewhaleharerabbitsealsnailmosquitosheepdonkeymousemonkeyGuessingWork——Doyouknowthem?Wholeadsashortestlifeamongalltheanimalsintheworld?Thestrongestmammalintheworld?Whorunsfastestintheworld?Themostcleveranimalintheworld?Theheaviestoneintheworld?Thetallestoneintheworld?ClickthepicturetogettheanswerTask1proverbs

Hairbyhairyouwillpulloutthehorse’stail.一根一根拔，拔光马尾巴。（水滴石穿）

Arunninghorseneedsnospur.奔马无需鞭策。Thetortoisewinstheracewhilethehareissleeping兔子睡懒觉，乌龟跑赢了。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚，人以群分Ifwaterisnoisy,therearenofishinit.咆哮的水中无鱼。（夸夸其谈者无真才实学。）In-ClassReading

AggressioninHumansandAnimals

TheJungleBookClicktoenjoythevideoclipWorkingroupstoanswerthefollowingquestions.

Animalsareaggressivewhentheyarefrightened,whentheywanttoprotecttheiryoung,whentheyareattackedorhurt,andwhentheyareputinacornerorasmallspace.Whenareanimalsaggressive?SampleReferencewords:frightened,attack,hurt,protect,competition,non-violent

Menareaggressivewhentheyareattackedorinsultedorhurt,whentheyarepressed,whentheirlivesorpropertiesarethreathened.Whendopeoplebecomeaggressive?Sample

Theencouragementofcompetitioninallpossiblefieldswoulddiminishthelikelihoodofpeople’saggressivebehavior.Whenpeopletakepartsininternationalcompetitionsinsportsorforthebestdesignedhouse,orthesafestcar,theycanchanneltheiraggressionintonon-violentcompetitionandconstructiveactivity.

Whatisthepossiblesolutionforman’shostilityandaggression?Sampleaccumulation

【记忆】词根

accumulate

v.

积聚，积累；accumulative

adj.贪婪的，喜欢积聚的；accumulator

n.

累积者

[联想记忆]ac(to)+cumulate(heapup),堆，堆积→堆积，聚集+ion→accumulation

n.n.

hoardup

积聚，积累［同］collection【考点】accumulationofexperiences(money,funds)

积累经验(钱，资金);anaccumulationofbooks(evidence,rubbish)

收集一批书籍(一堆证据，一堆垃圾)accumulatev.

例如：Don’tyouthinkweshouldlearnandearnmoresoastoaccumulateknowledgeandfortunewhenyoung?

你不觉得年轻的时候，我们该多学点，多赚点来积累知识和财富吗？aggression(n.)

(Tittle)

侵略；敌对的情绪或行为；攻击行动构词法：adj.aggressive(Line1,Para.1)

好争吵的；有进取心的；有冲劲的adv.aggressively

好斗地；挑衅性地；好争吵地n.aggressiveness

敌对情绪n.

aggressor(正式；贬义)侵略者男孩子总是通过打架来表现他们的敌对情绪。他现在好像不那么咄咄逼人了。Heappearedtobenowinalessaggressivemood.Boysusuallyexpresstheiraggressionbyhittingeachother.Translation一个积极进取的年轻人在这所大学里是会大有作为的。Anaggressiveyoungmancangofarinthisuniversity.请了解以下常见表达。anaggressionuponone’sright

侵害某人的权利commitaggressionagainst

对……进行侵略airaggression

侵犯领空;空中侵袭commercial/cultural/economicaggression

商业/文化/经济侵略anaggressiononsb.’spersonalliberty

对某人人身自由的侵犯assert(v.)

(Line38,Para.4)1)(assertoneself)sayclearlywhatyouthink坚持自己的想法、权利、意见

2)stateordeclareforcefully断言，宣称，声明assertion

(n.)(+that)aforcefulstatementorclaim断言；强硬声明assertive(adj.)forceful;expressingstrongopinionsorclaims

断言的；武断的请完成下面的句子。ExerciseDon’tbesoshyyouneedtolearnto_____________.(坚持自己的主张)TheConsumerAssociationtrieditsbestto______________________.(维护消费者的权利)asserttheconsumers’rightsassertyourselfHe___________________thathewasnotguilty.(一再声明他的无辜)repeatedhisassertionsYoucouldn’tfailtonoticethat_________________.(那个说话武断的青年人)assertiveyoungman

He___hisauthoritybymakingthembequiet.A)assertedB)assentedC)assaultedD)assembled答案为【A】译文：他迫使他们安静下来，以维护他的权威。assent同意，批准assault攻击，袭击assemble集合，组装在旧式政治制度下，权力集中在一个人手里。这一工程集中了全国的技术精英。

Theprojectcentralizesthetechnicalelitesofthecountry.

Undertheoldpoliticalsystempowerwas

centralizedinthehandsofoneperson.Translationcentralized(adj.)

(Line42,Para.4)集中的centralize(v.)

gatherundercentralcontrol集中centralization(n.)

集中constructive(adj.)

(Line36,Para.4)havingagoodeffectorlikelytoproducegoodresults建设性的，有益的建设性意见/会议

大火/森林/破坏性的影响Thefirecauseddestructiveeffectstotheforest.Johnmadeanumberofveryconstructivesuggestionsatthemeeting.

反义词destructive(adj.)

(Line37,Para.4)causingdestruction破坏的，毁坏的请用以下提示词造句。Exerciseinstinct【记忆】instinctiveadj.

本能的；instinctivelyadv.本能地【考点】

例如：haveaninstinctfor生性爱好，生来就······byinstinct

出于本能Catpreysonmousebyinstinct.

猫捉老鼠是出于本能。n.

naturalabilityortendencytoactinacertainway

本能

［同］

faculty,impulse,talentHumanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon________.A)consciousnessB)impulse

C)InstinctD)response答案为【C】译文：人的行为主要是学习的结果，而动物的行为则主要取决于本能。consciousness意为“意识”，impulse意为“冲动”,instinct意为“本能”，response意为“反应”。intrude

(v.)(Line3,Para.1)(+into,on,upon)bringorcomeinwhennotwanted闯入；侵入；打扰Exercise如果他们很忙，我就不打扰他们了。Idon’twantto_________themiftheyarebusy.intrudeon请完成下面的句子。这一儿时回忆不时地闯入她的脑海。Thememoryofherchildhood______________________hermind.intrudingitselfintokept他总是把自己的意见强加于人。Heisalways________hisopinion_____others.intrudinguponintrusion(n.)闯入；侵入；打扰intruder

(n.)侵入者；闯入者词汇扩充intrusive

(adj.)闯入的；侵入的；打扰的词汇辨析interfere

指干扰、妨碍别人的行动或某事的进行。常用作贬义。intrude

多指未经允许而闯入或对他人事务进行干涉。interrupt

多用于指突然介入而使正在进行的事情中断，也可表示阻断、妨碍。请分别用intrude,interfere或

interrupt的适当形式完成句子。Exercise敲门声打断了他的思考。Aknockatthedoor__________hisconcentration.青年人不希望父母过多地干涉自己的事情。Yongpeopledon’twanttheirparentsto________toomuchwiththeirpersonalbusiness.interfere

interrupted一架不明国籍的军用飞机侵入我国领空。Anunidentifiedmilitaryplane___________theairspaceofourcountry.intrudedintolikelihood

【记忆】词根为likely

adj.可能的，加名词后缀-hood表示“性质”，“状态”，另外还可表示“身分”，“资格”。

falsehood

n.错误

childhoodn.童年

priesthoodn.牧师n.probability可能性【考点】inalllikelihood很可能例如：

Inalllikelihood,itwillsnow.很有可能要下雪。

There’slittlelikelihoodhewillcomehereinsuchabigrain.下着这么大的雨，他到这儿的可能性很小。

mechanical【记忆】可参考下列单词记忆：

mechanicn.

技工，机械工

mechanicsn.

机械学，技巧

mechanizevt.使机械化，用机械装备adj.

of,connectedwith,moved,worked,orproducedbymachinery

机械的，呆板的

［同］

dull,emotionless

［反］

conscious【考点】

Hisactingisnotatallmechanical.

他的表演一点儿也不呆板。

Nowitisthoughtnotagoodmethodtoaskthestudentstorecitemechanically.

现在人们认为让学生们机械背诵并不是一种好方法。Afterhehadbeenaskedthesamequestionmanytimes,hisanswerbecame______.

A)machine

B)mechanicsC)mechanic

D)mechanical答案为【D】译文：被问了许多次相同的问题后，他的回答变得机械了。

A项“机器”B项“机械学”

C项“技工”D项“(形容词)机械的”prehistoric【记忆】前缀pre-表示“在······以前”，词根为historicadj.历史的由前缀pre-构成的词还有：premeditatevt.预先思考preoccupyvt.先占，先取prejudgevt.预先判断preexistvt.先于······而存在adj.

ofthetimebeforerecordedhistory

史前的scale【考点】inascale一定尺度，在一定范围内onanextensivescale广泛地sinkinthescale降级toascale按一定比例

Thismapisdrawntoscale.这张地图是按比例绘制的。n.

sizeofextent

大小，规模，范围;therelationshipbetweenthesizeofsomethinginthemapanditssizeintherealworld

比例onbig(vastlarge,massive)scale

大规模地(的)，广泛地(的)Chinaiscarryingoutthereformonalargescale.

中国在大范围地进行改革。Themapwasdrawntothestandard____of1：150,000,sotherewasnotmuchdetail.A)grade

B)route

C)line

D)scale答案为【D】译文：地图是按标准的1:150，000的比例绘制的，所以上面没有太多的细节。grade级别，等级，例如：GradeOne一年级；route路线，例如：LongMarchRoute长征路线；line一般意义的“线、线条”；而scale有多种意思，其中之一是“比例，比例尺”，尤指地图、航海图、平面图上的距离与相应的实际距离之间的比例关系.submission(Line6,Para.1)submit(v.)1)(+to)yieldoneself;agreetoobey服从；顺从2)(+to)offerforconsideration呈送；提交；submission

(n.)1)服从；顺从

2)呈送；提交；提出submissive

(adj.)

恭顺的；归顺的submissively(adv.)恭顺地；归顺地T:Hi,boysandgirls,howareyougoingtocelebratetheNewYear’sDay?S:Oh,Mr.Smith,we’rethinkingaboutamasquerade(化妆舞会)party. T:Thatsoundsgreat.ButIamafraidyouhaveto_____________

(提交计划)toyouradministrator.请根据以下模拟语境填空。Exercise学生/教师/教师要求提交新年晚会计划submittheplan请根据以下模拟语境填空。ExerciseSon: Mum,Iwillnot__________________(服从)becauseofthefollowingpoints.First,...Mum: OK.Youdon’thaveto______________(服从)tome.Butcanwediscuss…？儿子/母亲/服从父母管教submitmyselftoyoushowsubmission

territorial(adj.)

(Line3,Para.1)1)

守卫自身活动地域的；领域性的2)

领土的；属地的请了解以下常见表达。领土主权territorialright领土争端territorialdisputes领土扩张

territorialexpansion领土完整

territorialintegrity地盘性动物territorialanimalsterritory(n.)(Line3,Para.1)1)[C;U]landruledbyonegovernment领土；版图

2)arearegardedbyaperson,animalasbelongingtoitalone地盘；领地

3)areaofknowledgeoractivity(知识或活动的)范围，领域请完成下面的句子。Exercise他的研究兴趣甚广。Hisscientificinterests________________.他们解放了囚犯及被占领土。Theyliberatedtheprisoners,________________________.theoccupiedterritoriescoverawideterritoryviolent【记忆】可参考下列单词记忆：

violencen.暴力，残暴

non-violentadj.非暴力的【考点】例如：aviolentstorm

猛烈的风暴

layviolenthandson

对······行凶，向······下毒手

Don‘tbesoviolenttome.不要对我这么凶。adj.

fierce;furious

暴力的，暴力引起的，激烈的zoologist【记忆】词根为

zoologyn.动物学，-ist表示“······家” 一些表示学科及学家的词还有：

geologyn.地质学geologistn.地质学家

archaeologyn.考古学

archaeologistn.考古学家

botanyn.植物学 botanistn.植物学家n.expertsofanimal动物学家Phrasesandexpressionsasitisinfact实际上例如：Ithoughthemusthavefinishedhiswork,butasitishehadn’tnearlystartedit.我原以为他一定已经做完工作了，但实际上他几乎还没有开始。Hismotherexpectedhimtogetgoodmarkintheexam,butasitisheflunked.他母亲希望他在考试中取得好成绩，但实际上他却没有及格。carefortakecareof

关心，照顾例如：Whocaresforyourbabywhenyouareawayonbusiness?你出差的时候谁照顾你的孩子?carefortheyoungergeneration

关怀青年一代findexpressionin(Line49,Para.4)

在……中找到表达方式/以……方式表达请完成下面的句子。Exercise他的情感最终由眼泪表现了出来。Hisfeelingsatlast___________________.他们的个人主义在他的作品/举止中表现了出来。Theirindividualism___________________________________.foundexpressionintheirfoundexpressionintearsworks/behaviorinitselfwithoutconsideringtherest

本身例如：ThefairisinitselfasymbolofthedevelopmentofChina’sforeigntrade.这次交易会本身就是中国对外贸易事业发展的象征。Thestoryinitselfteachesamorallesson.这个故事本身就有教育意义。

turntoaskforhelporsupport

求助于，借助于例如：WheneverIhavedifficulties,Iturntomyteacherforhelp.我有困难时，总是向老师求助。Shehasnobodytoturnto.她无人可求助。warnofftellsb.goaway

告诫······离开例如：Theywarnedhimoff,buthekeptwalkingontheice.他们告诫他离开，但他还坚持在冰上走。Thechildrenwerewarnedofftheriver.人们告诫孩子们不要离河太近。Introduction(Para.1)Manmustbethemostaggressiveandcruelofalllivingcreatures.Thecomparisonofaggressioninanimalsandhumanbeings(Para.2-4)Ananimalmayshowabnormalaggressivenessinabnormalconditions.(Para.2)

B.

Humanaggression.

(Para.3)

C.Thereasonsforhumanaggression.

(Para.4)

Solutionstotheproblem

(Para.5)Onlyifhostilityandaggressioncanbeexpressedinconstructiveactivityandnon-violentcompetition,willthehumanracebeabletosurvive.Nevertheless,shouldafightfollow,neithercreaturewillbebadlyhurt,fortheloserwillsavehimselfbymakingagestureofsubmission.(L.4～6)【解析】这是一个倒装句式，因为省略连词if放在句首，所以倒装，相当于Ifafightshouldfollow,neithercreaturewillbebadlyhurt。For引导原因状语从句。【译文】但是，如果真有争斗，任何一方都不会受重伤，因为败方会做出表示投降的动作来保全性命。【例句】Neitherofthemhasreplied.

他们两人都没有答复。Thesetwobooksareneitherofthemverygood.

这两本书都不是很好。Youareasoreloser.

你是一个输不起的人。Atigerthatoncecameoutofthejungleintoavillageandattackedamanwaslaterfoundtohaveaninjuredpawthathadevidentlypreventeditfromhuntingitsusualprey.(L.9～11)【解析】本句的主句是atigerwaslaterfoundtohaveaninjuredpaw。第一个that

引导的是定语从句修饰tiger，在这个从句中，that(tiger)是主语，谓语是came

和

attacked。第二个that引导的也是定语从句，修饰

paw。【译文】有一只老虎从丛林跑到村庄来，袭击了人。人们后来发现原来它的爪子受了伤，明显使它不能像平时那样去猎食。Ifithadnothadthisdisabilityitwouldhaveundoubtedlystayedinthejungleandhuntedforfoodinthecustomaryway.(L.11～12)【解析】这是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。（可参看第一单元）【译文】假如不是因为受伤，这只虎毫无疑问还会呆在丛林里，像往常那样去猎取食物。

Somezoologistsandpsychologistscomparemodernmantoacagedlion.(L.19)【解析】compare

后可接

to或with，在表示两物相似时常用compareto，在比较两物的异同时常使用comparewith。【译文】一些动物学家和心理学家把现代人比喻成笼子里的狮子。【例句】

Stillonlytwenty—five,shehasbeencomparedtothegreatestdancerofalltime.

她才只有25岁，就已经被比作有史以来最伟大的舞蹈家。Ifconditionshadremainedthus,manmighthavebeennomoreaggressivethanhisfellowcreatures.(L.28～29)【解析】nomore…than…

不过，仅仅【译文】假如现在还有这样的条件，人类就不会比其他动物更加好斗。【例句】Itcostmenomorethanonedollaraweek.

我每周在这上面至多花一美元。Infact,itisalmostimpossibleforthemtobehaveotherwise.(L.32)【解析】otherwise这里是副词，意为：inadifferentway,differently(用别的方法，另外)别样，以另外方式。【译文】实际上，要他们不这样做几乎是不可能的。【例句】Ithinkitwillrainthisafternoon,butmybrotherthinksotherwise.

我认为今天下午会下雨，但我的兄弟却不这样认为。Manmusthavebecomemoreaggressive

overtheyearsastheworldpopulationhasincreased.(L.33～L.34)【解析】推测语气，表示肯定用must,can,could,may,might（语气依次减弱）表示疑问和否定用can’t,

couldn’t所有上述情态动词后面接完成时表示对过去的猜测，接不定式表示对现在的推测。【译文】这些年来，由于世界人口的增长，人类必定是更为寻衅好斗了。【例句】1.Youmustbewrong.

你肯定错了。

2.Canthenewsbetrue?

这消息会是真的吗？Theimpulsetoasserthimselfhasenabledhimtosurviveinadangerousworld,butironically,heisnowlikelytodestroyhisownspeciesunlessalternative,non-violentwaysofexpressingaggressioncanbefound.(L.38～40)【解析】这是由but连接的两个句子。在第一个句子里，

主句是：Theimpulsehasenabledhimtosurviveinaworld。toasserthimself修饰theimpulse，第二个句子是个复合句，主句是：Heisnowlikelytodestroyhisownspecies，unless引导条件状语从句，从句中，主要结构是：wayscanbefound。【译文】正是一种想要显示自己的权威的冲动使人能够在 这个充满危险的世界上生存下来。然而，具有讽 刺意义的是，除非人类能找到其他发泄好斗本性 的非暴力方法，否则就可能毁灭自己。【例句】1.Youwillbelate,unlessyouhurry.

如果不赶紧，你就会迟到。2.Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.除非下雨，否则比赛都会进行。Amanwhomayoncehavebeenaself-employedcraftsman,masterofhisowntrade,mightnowhaveaboringjobinafactory.(L.34～35)【解析】句中masterofhisowntrade作aself-employedcraftsman的同位语，进一步说明是一个怎样的个体手工业者。【译文】有的人也许曾经是一名个体手工业者，一位能工巧匠，而现在却可能在工厂里干着单调乏味的工作。【例句】Heisatailorbytrade.

他的职业是裁缝。Shoemakingisausefultrade.

制鞋是一门有用的手艺。Asmallfirmthatonceworkedasateamtoproducehigh-qualitygoodsislikelytobeabsorbedintoavastorganizationwheretheirworkismechanicalandthereisnopossibilityforpersonalexpression.(L.44～47)【解析】本句的主要结构是Asmallfarmislikelytobeabsorbedintoavastorganization。第一个that引导定语从句修饰firm，第二个定语从句由where引导修饰organization，where在从句中作地点状语。第二个定语从句中有两套并列的结构，分别是：theirworkismechanical和thereisnopossibilityforpersonalexpression。【译文】一家曾经精诚合作生产出了高质量产品的小公司现在可能被并入了一家大机构，员工的工作很机械，没有机会自我表现了。Amanwhowouldhesitatetohitanotherpersoninfrontofhiseyesmaykillthousandsofpeoplebydroppingabombfromaplane;tohimtheyaretooremotetobehumanbeings,butaremerelyfiguresonachartofhisroutinejob.(L.51～53)【解析】本句的主要结构是：Amanmaykillthousandsofpeoplebydroppingabomb。who引导的定语从句修饰aman，分号后的部分是由but连接的两个句子，前者是theyaretooremotetobehumanbeings，后者是(they)aremerelyfiguresonachart。【译文】一个不大愿意对他面前的人拔拳相向的人也许会从飞机上投下一枚炸弹从而导致成千上万的人的死亡；对于他来说，那些人太遥远已不算是人了，只不过是他日常工作报表上的数字而已。Theencouragementofcompetitioninallpossiblefieldsshouldtendtodiminishthelikelihoodofwarratherthanincreaseit.(L.54～56)【解析】本句的主要结构是Theencouragementshouldtendtodiminishthelikelihoodofwar.【译文】对于所有可能的领域中竞争的鼓励应该逐渐减少而不是增加战争的可能性。【例句】possible是一个普通的定语，举例如下：apossiblesolutiontothisproblem解决这个问题的较合适的办法。

theonlypossibleaction唯一可采取的行动likelihood是likely的名词形式。Isthereanylikelihoodofhiscoming?它可能来吗？inalllikelihood十之八九，极有可能…AnthonyStorrsuggestedthattheUnitedNationsshouldorganizeinternationalcompe-titionsinsportsandalsoforthebestdesignedhouseorhospital,orthesafestcar.(L.46～48)【解析】forthebestdesignedhouseorhospital,orthesafestcar同insports一样，是修饰competitions的。注意：suggest带从句，从句中动词要用should+do的形式。【译文】安东尼·斯托尔建议联合国要组织国际性的体育比赛，而且还要开展其他诸如房屋或医院最佳设计奖的竞赛，或者汽车安全性能最佳奖的竞赛。(1)Nevertheless,shouldafightfollow,neithercreaturewillbebadlyhurt,fortheloserwillsavehimselfbymakingagestureofsubmission.

(Line5)(2)Ifithadnothadthisdisabilityitwouldhave

undoubtedlystayedinthejungleandhuntedforfoodinthecustomaryway.(Line12)

Ifthehumanpopulationhadnotincreasedsorapidly,peoplewouldhavehadmorespaceandfreedom.(Line23)(3)Ifthecagedlion,forexample,werefreetowanderonthegrassyplainsofAfrica,itwould

becontinuallyactive,rangingoverlongdistances,huntinginfamilygroups.(Line15)语法训练此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。第1句中“shouldafightfollow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为“ifafightshould

follow”，句中省略了“if”，将“should”提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。(2)

第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，从句用“had+动词过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might+have

+动词过去分词”。第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“did/were”，主句用“would/should/could/might+动词原型”。Everything______________________(bedestroyed)ifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade.Fillintheblankswiththeverbsinthesubjectivemood.Exercise“IfIhadn’tpracticedwhenIwasyounger,”themusiciansays,“I___________(notbe)abletoplaysowellnow.”wouldhavebeendestroyedwouldn’tbeIfwehadbeenmorecareful,we______________(get)muchbetterresultsnow.

wouldhavegot

______________(heleave)today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

Werehetoleave

Ifmanwerenotaggressivebynature,he________(be)happierbutlesscreative.wouldbe

Normallyoneanimalwillonlykillanotherforfood,andrarelydoesananimalkillamemberofitsownspecies.(Line6)

Onlyifhostilityandaggressioncanbeexpressedinconstructiveactivityandnon-violentcompetition,willthehumanracebeabletosurvive.(Line61)语法训练1.句首是否定词或词组，以上两句都是部分倒装（助动词提前，实义动词仍在主语之后）的句子。这两种倒装现象总结如下：atno/othertime,bynomeans,in/undercircumstances,few,hardly,scarcely,innoway,invain,much/even/stilllessnever,nolonger,nowhere,notasingleword,notinfrequently,notoften,notuntil,rarely,seldom

常用于这一结构的词语有：双重间谍一言不发。Beijinghasreiteratedthatundernocircumstances

willChinausenuclearweaponsfirst.

Notasingleword

didthedoublespyutter.中国政府一再重申，在任何情况下,中国将不首先使用核武器。Example她刚出门，就有个学生来访。Nosooner

hadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.Onlyunderspecialcircumstancesarestudentspermittedtograduateinadvance.

只有校方有决定权。只有在特殊情况下,学生才被准许提前毕业。

Onlyschoolauthorityhasthefinalsay.Example2.句首是Only+状语(从句、副词、介词短语)[注:Only+主语不倒装]Manmustbethemostaggressiveandcruelofalllivingcreatures.Inthezooitisprobablybetterfedandcaredfor.toperformsomehostilegestures人类肯定是所有动物中最好斗和最残忍的。在动物园里，也许它吃得更好，能得到精心的照料。做一些表示敌意的姿态Butitisevidentlyboredandfrustratedforlackofcompany.但是，由于离群索居，它显然会感到倦怠，情绪沮丧。toassertoneselfaself-employedcraftsman坚持自己的权利和主张个体手工业者Heisthemasterofhisowntrade.他是他本行业的能工巧匠。tochanneltheaggressionintocreativework将争强好斗的特性发挥在创造性的工作上Post-readingdiscussion:Whatistherelationshipbetweenmanandanimals?Inwhatwaysdoanimalsbenefitus?Referencewords:friend,pet,companion,enemyforsportsandentertainment:bullfighting,horse-racing,fishing,cockfighting,cricketfighting（斗蟋蟀）greyhoundracing（赛狗）,dogsledge（狗拉雪橇）,monkeyshow,equestrian(马术);forfood:meat,milk,eggs,blood,bones,honey,ediblebird’snest,bear’spaw；forpets:dogs,snakes,turtles,cats,goldfish,fish,rabbits,parrots,guineapigs；forvariousproducts:ivory,fur,leather,silk,oil,bones,feathers,horns;forworks:horse,dogs,camels,oxen,elephants,monkeys,pigeon,donkeys,buffalo.Talkaboutthewaystoprotectwildanimalsfromextinctionandtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.

referencewords:rarespecies,decrease,indag