Culture-Shock教学讲解课件

InterculturalCommunication

跨文化交流

InterculturalCommunication

1Cultureshockisthepersonaldisorientationapersonmayfeelwhenexperiencinganunfamiliarwayoflifeduetoimmigrationoravisittoanewcountry,ortoamovebetweensocialenvironments.Thefeelingofcultureshockgenerallysetsinafterthefirstfewweeksofcomingtoanewplace.Oneofthemostcommoncausesofcultureshockinvolvesindividualsinaforeigncountry.Cultureshockcanbedescribedasconsistingofatleastoneoffivedistinctphases:Honeymoon,Negotiation,Adjustment,Masteryandtheinterdependence.Aninabilitytousethelanguage,changesinroutine,changesinrelationshipswithotherculturepeoplecauseculturalshoock.

Cultureshockisthepersonal2InterculturalCommunication跨文化交流

(Textbook1)

李萌羽著

中国海洋大学出版社（2011年11月）

InterculturalCommunication跨文化3Culture-Shock教学讲解课件4COMMUNICATINGINTERCULTURALLY

跨文化交际教程

(Textbook2)

主编：李萌羽麦克·H·普罗斯高等教育出版社（即出）COMMUNICATINGINTERCULTURALLY

5ICExperiencesasJourney?StartingOut… Thisroadleadsmeto theborder, totheboundary, tothebreakingpointofallIknow. WillIgo? WillIgrow? DareIsayno?ICExperiencesasJourney?Star6ICExperiencesasJourney?StartingOut… Thisroadleadsmeto theborder, totheboundary, tothebreakingpointofallIknow. WillIgo? WillIgrow? DareIsayno?ICExperiencesasJourney?Star7ThefocusofthiscourseDevelopingawarenessoftheICprocessesofKnowingyourself (self-awareness)Knowingyourownculture (traditional/moderncontext)KnowingotherculturalvariationsDevelopingInterculturalCommunicationCompetence

ThefocusofthiscourseDevelo8

LearningObjective学习目标HavingagoodunderstandingofCultureShock，InterculturalCommunicationCompetenceandInterculturaladaptation.更好理解文化冲击、跨文化交流能力及跨文化适应。

LearningObjective学习目标9Developingself-awarenessandculturalsensitivityCultureCommunicationPerception,Value,Worldview,StereotypeValuedimensionsUnderstandingculturaldifferencesVerbalCommunicationNon-verbalCommunicationCross-culturaldifferencesinsocialrelations,educationandorganizationsEnhancinginterculturalcompetence:InterculturalconflictmanagementCultureshockandinterculturaladaptationInterculturalcompetenceAffectiveawarenessBehavioralcognitive

Goalsof

ICC跨文化交流学习目标

Developingself-awarenessand10OpeningdiscussionHaveyoueverexperiencedlivingandstudyinginanewculture?Howdidyoufeelaboutit?

OpeningdiscussionHaveyoueve11PotentialProblemsPotentialProblems121CultureShock文化冲击

Definingcultureshock文化冲击定义Symptomsofcultureshock文化冲击症状Culturaltransitionprocess文化转变过程Fightingcultureshock反击文化冲击1CultureShock文化冲击Defining13UnderstandingCultureShock(1)Afishoutofwater:nervous,irritated,uncomfortableArideonarollercoaster:upsanddownsLookingatcultureshocknegatively:stress,fatigueandtensionLookingatcultureshockpositively:alearningexperienceUnderstandingCultureShock(114

.Outofwater=OutofContextI’mlikeaschooledfish,nervous,anxiousandhelpless.“Water”ismyculture.“Ineedmycontexttofeelcomfortable!”

.15UnderstandingCultureShock(2)KalveroOberg,aSwedishscholar,coinedtheterm“cultureshock”50yearsago(“cultureshock:AdjustmenttoNewCulturalEnvironment”,1960):TheoccupationaldiseaseofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroadDisease:Apun-bothanailmentwithitsownsymptomsandcureandafeelingofdis-ease,orunsettleduneasinessUnderstandingCultureShock(216DefiningCultureShock文化冲击定义Troublesomefeelingssuchasdepression,loneliness,confusion,inadequacy,hostility,frustration,andtension,causedbythelossoffamiliarcuesfromthehomeculture.LinellDavis,1999DefiningCultureShock文化冲击定义Tr17ABCsofcultureshockAffectively:anxiety,confusion,anddesiretobeelsewhereBehaviorally:confusedastonormsandrulesCognitively:lackcompetencetointerpretbizarrebehaviorsABCsofcultureshockAffective18SymptomsofCultureShock

文化冲击症候Rangingfrommildirritabilitytodeeppsychologicalpanicandcrisis.Physically:toomucheating,drinkingorsleeping,excessiveconcernaboutbedding,headaches,stomachaches,dizziness,sleepinessPsychologically:depression,loneliness,withdrawn,anger,aggression,hatred,fear,hostility,homesickness,glorifyingthenativecultureandemphasizingthenegativeinthenewcultureSymptomsofCultureShock

文化冲击19AnexampleofCS’sEffectsAmerican,German,andPolishwomenlivinginBritainweretwiceaslikelytocommitsuicideasBritishwomen,thoughtherewerenosuchdifferencesinsuicideratesformen(Bochner,1986).AnexampleofCS’sEffectsAmer20CausesofCultureShock

造成文化冲击的原因Lossofcontrol失去控制Discrepantexpectations与期望值的差异Lackofsocialsupport缺乏社会支持Insufficientsocialskills缺乏社会技能CausesofCultureShock

造成文化冲击21CulturalTransitionProcess

文化冲击的过程(1)honeymoonperiod (3)initialadjustment(5)acceptance &integration

(2)cultureshock(4)depressiontime

CulturalTransitionProcess

文化22Honeymoonperiod:fascinated,excited,elatedCultureshock:physicalandmentalfatigueandstressInitialadjustment:beginningtoadjust,morecomfortable,willingtoventureoutMentalisolation:lonely,confusedidentity,frustrated,psychologicallyisolatedAcceptanceandintegration:establisharoutine,accustomed,blendedcultureidentity,multiculturalHoneymoonperiod:fascinated,23ReverseCultureShock反向文化冲击Re-entrycultureshock(reversecultureshock)mayoccuruponreturningtothehomecountryifapersonhasadjustedexceptionallywelltothehostculture.ReverseCultureShock反向文化冲击Re-24CultureshockHerearesomeexcerptsfromthepostcardsofEnglishstudentsstudyinginChina.Pleaseidentifytheywerewritteninwhichstageofcultureshock.CultureshockHerearesomeexc25CultureshockDearJoan, Lifehereseemsnotsobadafterall.Thepeoplearequiteniceonceyougettoknowthemalittlebetterandbegintofigureouttheirwayoflookingatthings.GuessI’mbeginning---justbeginning---toknowtheropes.LovePeterCultureshockDearJoan,26CultureshockDearMumandDad, I’mreallyfeelingfedupwithmylifehereandlongingforhome.Gettinganythingdoneoverhereisanightmare---thelocalsaresolazyandunhelpful.AndontopofallthatIfeelrundownandsleepyallthetime,seemtohavelostallmyzest.LoveJimCultureshockDearMumandDad,27CultureshockDearMichael, Thisisafantasticplace!Somanyinterestingthingstosee,suchastheForbiddenCityandtheTempleofHeaven.Evenwanderingthestreetsisadelightwithallthebustleandhordesofcyclists.I’mreallyhappyIcame.BestwishesSimonCultureshockDearMichael,28CultureshockDearNicky, Thanksforyourletter.Itwaslovelytohearfromyou.I’vebeenthinkingaboutyourquestionaboutwhatIfindstrangestaboutlivinginChina---butthetroubleisI’vebeenheresolongandhavesettledintothewayoflifesomuchthateverythingseemsperfectlyordinary!So,ifyouwanttofindoutyou’llhavetocomeouttoseeforyourselfwithafreshpairofeyes.Icanbeyourguide!BestwishesPaulCultureshockDearNicky,29

A.RealizecultureshockisinevitableB.Cultureshockarisesduetounfamiliarenvironment;developasupportnetworkC.Stressisduetoacutedisorientationregardingunfamiliarnormsandscripts;establishcontactswithmembersofhostcultureD.Intensefeelingofincompetence;seekpositivementorsE.Transitionalaffectivephasethatvariesinintensity;maintainsenseofhumorandemphasizepositiveaspectsofenvironmentPracticaltoolsformanaging

cultureshock解决文化冲击的对策

A.Realizecultureshock30Managingcultureshock:Initialtips

管理文化冲击小贴士1.Increasemotivationtolearnaboutnewculture2.Keepexpectationsrealisticandincreasefamiliaritywithnewculture3.Increaselinguisticfluency,understandvalueslinkedtobehaviors4.Workontoleratingambiguityandotherflexibilityattributes5.Developclosefriendsandacquaintanceshipstomanageloneliness6.SuspendethnocentricevaluationsofinterculturalbehaviorsManagingcultureshock:Initia31FightingCultureShockTofacilitateadjustment,onecanRecognizethatyouareexperiencingcultureshockDevelopsocialrelationshipswithpeoplefromone’sowncountry,withothernewcomers,andwithmembersofthenewcultureMaintainabalancebetweentwoculturalpatternsofbehaviorandbeliefsMaintainyoursenseofhumorKeepbusyDosomethingyouenjoyTrynewthingsandlaughatyourerrorsBeflexibleFightingCultureShockTofacil322InterculturalCompetence

跨文化交流能力

InterpersonalcompetenceNecessityofdevelopinginterculturalcompetenceDefinitionofinterculturalcompetenceModelsofinterculturaladaptationPracticalsuggestions2InterculturalCompetence

跨文化33Culture-Shock教学讲解课件34Culture-Shock教学讲解课件35Culture-Shock教学讲解课件36Culture-Shock教学讲解课件37Culture-Shock教学讲解课件38Culture-Shock教学讲解课件39Culture-Shock教学讲解课件40Culture-Shock教学讲解课件41Culture-Shock教学讲解课件42Culture-Shock教学讲解课件43Culture-Shock教学讲解课件44Culture-Shock教学讲解课件45Culture-Shock教学讲解课件46Culture-Shock教学讲解课件47Culture-Shock教学讲解课件48Culture-Shock教学讲解课件49InterculturalCommunicationCompetence

跨文化交流能力Theaffectivedimension:open,tolerant,empathetic,sympathetic情感层面Thecognitivedimension:generalandspecificculturalknowledge认知层面Thebehavioraldimension:flexible,adaptable,adventurous行为层面InterculturalCommunicationCo503PotentialProblemsinInterculturalCommunication

跨文化交流中潜在的问题Seekingsimilarities:mostofuspreferourownkindandavoidtheunfamiliarUncertaintyreduction:stressandfrustrationcausedbytheexistenceofuncertaintyDiversityofcommunicationstylesStereotypingandprejudice:makein-groupandout-groupdistinctionMisuseofpower:unequalstatusandpowerofthevisitorandthehostsCultureshockEthnocentrism3PotentialProblemsinInterc514InterculturalCommunicationEffectiveness

跨文化交流有效性

Interculturalcommunicationeffectivenessisnotasinglebutamultipleconstructinvolvingthemajoroutcomes:jobperformance,culturaladaptation,andinterpersonalrelations.4InterculturalCommunication52InterculturalCommunicationEffectiveness

跨文化交流有效性Taskperformance:dowellatyourjob(joborcareerdimension)Abilitytoadapttothenewculture(everydaylifedimension)Abilitytoestablishhealthyinterpersonalrelationships(emotionaldimension)InterculturalCommunicationEf53TaskPerformance任务绩效TechnicalandprofessionalperformanceResourcefulnessCreativityOrganizationalcommunicationManagementoftaskPerformanceevaluationTaskPerformance任务绩效Technical54Adaptability适应性FlexibilityMaturityKnowledgeofhostcultureLanguageskillsNonjudgmentalattitudePatienceRespectforcultureOpen-mindednessToleranceforambiguityAppropriatesocialbehaviorAdaptability适应性Flexibility55InterpersonalRelationshipsFriendshipEmotionalcontrolSenseofhumorEmpathyTrustothersPositiverelationswithstrangersFamilyrelationsLackofethnocentrism/prejudiceInterpersonalRelationshipsFri56OutcomesofAdaptation

适应的效果Psychologicalhealth:feelingcomfortableinnewculturalcontextsFunctionalfitness:beingabletofunctionindailylifeinmanydifferentcontexts;learningnewwaysoflivingandbehavingInterculturalidentity:onewhoactssituationallyOutcomesofAdaptation

适应的效果Ps575ModelsofculturalAdaptation

跨文化适应模式理论Theanxietyanduncertaintymodel焦虑和不确定管理模式TheU-CurvemodelU型模式Thetransitionmodel转变模式Theflightorfightapproach飞行或战斗模式TheCommunication-systemModel交流模式5ModelsofculturalAdaptatio58Thegoalofeffectiveinterculturalcommunicationcanbereachedbyreducinganxietyandseekinginformation.(uncertaintyandanxietyreduction)Themosteffectivecommunicatorsarethosewhoarebestabletomanageanxietyandpredictandexplainothers’behaviorswithconfidence (byGudykunst,1995,1998)Theanxietyanduncertaintymodel

焦虑和不确定管理模式Thegoalofeffectiveintercul59TheU-CurvemodelU型模式

Phase1:excitementandanticipation Phase2:cultureshock Phase3:adaptation (bySverreLysgaard)TheU-CurvemodelU型模式60Thetransitionmodel转变模式

Cultureshockandadaptationarejustlikeanyotheradulttransition(goingawaytocollege,gettingmarried,movingfromonepartorthecountrytoanother).Allofthesetransitionexperiencessharecommoncharacteristicsandprovokethesamekindsofresponses.Alltransitionexperiencesinvolvechange,includingsomelossandgainfortheindividual. (Bennett,1998)Thetransitionmodel转变模式 Cultu61Theflightorfightapproach

飞行或战斗模式Facedwithanunfamiliarsituation:Theflightapproach:Peopletendtohangback,getthelayoftheland,andseehowthingsworkbeforetakingtheplungeandjoiningin.Thefightapproach:peopletendtogetinthereandparticipate,usethetrial-and-errormethod.

Theflightorfightapproach

飞62TheCommunication-systemModel

交流模式Adaptationisaprocessofstress,adjustment,andgrowth.Adaptationoccursthroughcommunication.Communicationhasadoubleedgeinadaptation:morecultureshockbutbetterandfasteradaptationThreestagesofadaptation:1)takingthingsforgranted,andsurprise;2)makingsenseofnewpatterns;3)comingtounderstandnewinformation (YoungYunKin,1977,1995)TheCommunication-systemModel63ADevelopmentalModelofInterculturalSensitivityTheethnocentricstages:Denial(denytheexistenceofdifferences)Defense(acknowledgeculturaldifferences,butcreatespecificdefensesagainstthemfortheyareconsideredthreatening)Minimization(culturaldifferencesaretrivialized,ordefinedasrelativelyunimportant

ADevelopmentalModelofInter64Theethnorelativestages:Acceptance:culturaldifferenceisbothacknowledgedandrespected;respectforbehavioraldifferencesandforvaluedifferences.Adaptation:skillsforrelatingtoandcommunicatingwithpeopleofotherculturesareenhanced.Integration:integratedisparateaspectsofone’sidentityintoanewwholewhileremainingculturallymarginal.-byBennettTheethnorelativestages:65PracticalSuggestions建议Knowyourself:culture,attitudes,communicationstyleConsiderthephysicalandhumansettings:timing,context,customsSeektounderstanddiversemessagesystemsDevelopempathyEncouragefeedbackLearnaboutculturaladaptationPracticalSuggestio