新概念2第77课(定语从句)课件

Lesson77AsuccessfuloperationOperationn.操作；实施；[外科]手术；运算1)手术：haveanoperation(onsb.)动手术

giveanoperationonsb.forsth.给某人作…手术Eg:医生给他做了癌症手术

Thedoctorgaveanoperationonhimforcancer2)实施；生效：beinoperation

comeintooperationEg:这条规定生效了吗？

Isthisruleinoperationyet?

这项计划什么时候实施？

Whenwilltheplancomeintooperation?Markn.标志；斑点；符号vi.作记号vt.标志；做标记于；打分数markon

在…上做记号hitthemark

打中目标；成功Eg:商品上都标有价格

Pricesaremarkedonthegoods.sign

普通用词，指公认事物的记号，或某种情况的征兆。symbol

指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。mark

普通用词，指便于辨认而做的标记，或自然形成的标记斑点。signal

指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。lastvi.

1)持续，延续(没有被动语态)会议进行了3个小时

Themeetinglaststhreehours.两国的战争一直持续到1453年。

Thewarbetweenthetwocountrieslasteduntil1453.2)最不可能…的,最不…的(mostunlikely)他是我最不想见的人

HeisthelastmanintheworldIwanttosee.Prove1)vi.显示，表明

prove+tobe+adj.结果证实他是那本书的作者

Heprovedtobetheauthorofthebook.2)vt.证明，证实我将会证明给你看

Iwillproveittoyou.Survivev.幸存；生还；幸免于survivaln.幸存survivorn.幸存者victimn.受害者，死难者surviveon

靠…活下来；靠…生存Eg：没有乘客在空难中幸存。Noneofthepassengerssurvivedintheaircrash.我很想知道他们靠那么可怜的收入是怎么活下来的。Iwonderhowtheycansurviveonsuchpoorincome.IntensiveReadingThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.

hasjusthad

anoperation.Phrase(词组)haveanoperation做手术B.C.=BeforeChrist(耶稣诞生之前=公元前)A.D.=sinceChristwasborn(耶稣诞生之后=公元)A.D.写在年数之前，B.C.写在年数之后由公元前三百年到公元前四百年from300B.C.toA.D.400Grammar(语法)whodiedin800B.C.定语从句修饰先行词womanhasjusthad现在完成时just表示刚刚，表示刚刚做完手术AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,

doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.Phrase：dieof+内因：死于…（疾病），因…而死diefrom+外因：死于…Eg:Hediedfromtheaccident.dieoff：相继死亡，种群突然急剧的衰减Eg:Rabbitsweredyingoffinthattown.dieout：灭绝；完全的灭亡Eg：Thistribeandthetribalcustomsdiedoutcenturiesago.bedyingto/for：渴望Eg：Iamdyingforabottleofcoke.Grammar：Therebe+n.+介词短语一个字表示“有”；四个字表示“客观存在”+介词短语表示：存在的位置，地点，有什么，在哪里所以翻译就是：“有奇怪的斑点，在X光的底片上”theX-rayplatestakenofthemummy过去分词作后置定语whether…引出宾语从句（前面findout是介词短语，后面接宾语，因此是宾从）Grammar：havebeentrying

现在完成进行时现在完成时：havedone（现在的之前，对现在一直有影响，但做完没做完不确定）现在完成进行时：havebeendoing（属于现在完成时的一部分，强调过去开始做，直到现在还在进行）医生们努力的找，过去就开始找了，现在还在进行找。Thedoctorsremovedasectionofthemummyandsentittoalaboratory.Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.Phrase:removeremovefrom除掉，移动removeoneself挪动，走开Eg:Sheremovedherself.她走开了。(1)移开，取走，拿走Eg:有一会儿他的思想没有从她的面孔上移开

Foramomenthedidnotremovehiseyesfromherface.(2)除掉Eg:衣服上的这些墨水污点洗得掉吗？

Cantheinkberemovedfromtheclothes?yet表达“还，尚，仍”，用于否定句和疑问句中，大多与现在完成时的动词连用。可放于句末。Eg:我还没碰到Eric。

IhavenotmetEricyet.

你吃午餐了吗？

Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?Grammar1）在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。I’vebeenreadingthisbookfortwohours，butIhaven'tfinishedit.这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。I'vereadthisbook.我已读完这本书了。2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。Shehasalwaysbeenworkinglikethat.她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成进行时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。We’vebeenseeingquitealotofeachotherrecently.

最近我们经常见面。现在完成时的用法现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性,它是现在完成时的强调形式。We'vebeenlivingherefortenyears.We‘velivedherefortenyears.我们在这儿已经住了十年了。2）在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。Thestudentshavebeenpreparingfortheexam.（还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。Thestudentshavepreparedfortheexam.（已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如：have，exist，like，hate，hear，know，sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。They'veknowneachothersince1970.自从1970年起他们就相互认识了。since,for,agoSince用来说明动作起始时间for用来说明动作延续时间长度Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)since的四种用法

1)since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。

Ihavebeenheresince1989.2)since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3)since+从句

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeen

here.4)Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudentTheAttributiveClause定语从句1.Ilikethegirlwhoiswearingahatandsmiling.一、定语从句概念○2.Inmysparetime,IcandoanythingIlike.修饰一个名词或代词的从句被称为定语从句.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when,whyIlikethegirlwhoiswearingahatandsmiling.二、几个重要的专有名词1)Thestudents

(whodon’tstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.2)Thewoman

(whomyousawinthepark)isourEnglishteacher.主句：ThewomanisourEnglishteacher.定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面.三、关于定语从句注意事项主句：先行词定语从句位置1.如果先行词是人,关系代词可用

who,whom,

whose,that，它们的用法区别：1)who/that作定语从句的主语或宾语,whom只能作宾语。①Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.②Thewomanwho/thatmyfatheristalkingwith

isMr.Zhang.四、关系代词用法的区别2)Whom作定从的宾语,介词提前，只能用whom.ThewomanwithwhommyfatheristalkingisMrZhang.whom难用的关系词whose

①Theteacherpraisedthestudent

whoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.whose=thestudent’s②Thehouse

whosewindowisbrokenismine.

whose=thehouse’s

Whose的先行词可以是人或物，whose实际上是先行词的所有格，在定从中作定语。2.如果先行词指物,关系代词可用______或_____

thatwhich在定语从句中作主语和宾语.①Ilikethedogwhich/thatcanwatchdoors.②Thecarwhich/thatmyfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.1)Aplaneisamachine________________canfly.2)Thecar_______________________myuncleboughtlastweekwasstolen.3)Thestudents______________don’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.4)Thewoman___________________yousawintheparkisourEnglishteacher.5)Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbook___________interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that/that练习1:填上适当的关系代词1).先行词是one,ones,anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用who.

Theoneswhostudyhardwillprobablygetgoodgrades.

ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallareourfriends.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2).在therebe句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who

Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.

Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.3.who、that在指人时,可以通用,但下列宜用

who,不用

that

Allthethingsthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.

1.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,用that.Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.Thefirstmeeting(that)wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.2.先行词是all,little,few,much,some,none,

everything,

something,nothing,anything等时,用that.Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.3.先行词被all,some,any,few,much,little,thevery,theonly，thesame修饰时,用that.用that而不用which的情况4.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that.Icanrememberthepersonsandsomepictures

(that)Isee.

Thisisthedogwhich/thatshouldbetakengoodcareof.注意：！！介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。由动词和介词构成的词组，介词通常不提前。注意：！！介词提前时只能用which而不能用that。由动词和介词构成的词组，介词通常不提前。Isthisthelibrary

youborrowbooks?fromthatfromwhichThisisthedogwhich/thatshouldbetakengoodcareof.练习2：用关系代词填空1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.8.Isthisthelibraryfrom________

youborrowbooks?thatthatthatthatwhich定语从句中的关系副词：when,where,why关系副词和先行词的关系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=why关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词关系副词先行词关系副词在定从中充当的成分

时间名词地点名词when=at/in/on+which时间状语地点状语where=at/in/on+which原因名词why=for+which原因状语

1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworked

together.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

1.Iwenttotheplace

______________

Iworkedtenyearsago.

2.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

1.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

2.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.

whenwhichwherewhichwhythat/which几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词不及物动词归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,关系副词why指原因，在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间、地点，原因，若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which，why.词形先行词在句中作用关系代词that人或物主,宾语which物主,宾语who人主,宾语whom人宾语Whose(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定语关系副词When(=介词+which)时间状语Where(=介词+which)地点状语Why(=forwhich)原因状语确定定语从句关系词的一般步骤：1.找出主句、从句和先行词，先行词一般是空格前的单词或词组。2.将先行词代入定从，还原从句为完整句子。3.根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定关系词。

I’llneverforgettheday

Ijoinedtheleague.

1.Ijoinedtheleaguetheday.2.Ijoinedtheleagueontheday.FTwhen练习3：填上适当的关系词.1.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.2.Thefactory_________wewillvisitislarge.3.Thefactory___________hisfatherworksislarge.4.I’llneverforgetthetime_____________weworkonthefarm.5.Thisisthehouse____________welivedlastyear.when/onwhichthat/whichwherewhen/atwhichwhere/inwhich练习4Ⅰ.单项选择1.Thereisnothing_________Icando.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what2.Doyouknowtheman_________iswearingglasses?A.whoB.whichC.whatD.where3.Theboy_________isplayingfootballismybrother.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where4.I'llneverforgettheday_________Ifirstmether.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.when5.Ican'tfindthebook_________mymotherboughtA.whoB.whenC.whichD.what(A)(A)(B)(D)(C)练习46.Thefilm________Isawyesterdaywasveryinteresting.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.that7.Isthereanything_________Icanhelpyou?A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what8.All____isneededisafewhandstohelpwiththework.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.things9.Isthisthefactory_________youwishtovisit?A.thatB.whereC.whenD.what(D)(A)(B)(A)10.Heistheveryoneofthestudents____goodatEnglish.

A.whodoesB.thatis

C.whomdoD.whichare11.Thesecondbook___IwanttoreadisHarryPotter.

A.whichB.that

C.whatD.as12.Thedays___Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime___Ihadeverhadinmylife.