英语高考总复习 语言基础知识 考点归纳拓展 Module 2 A Job Worth Doing 外研版必修5

#【创新设计】（四川专用教师用书）2015届英语高考总复习语言基础知识考点归纳拓展Module2AJobWorthDoing外研版必修5［核心单词］offerv.（主动）提出（愿意做某事）；提议；给予；提供n.出价；建议［经典例句］OurgovernmentofferedtohelpthePhilippinespeoplewhenPhilippineswashitbyTyphoonHaiyan当菲律宾受到台风海燕袭击时我国政府主动提出帮助菲律宾人民。（1）offersbsth=offersthtosb主动把某物给某人offertodosth主动提出做某事offersbmoneyforsth出价买某物offersbsthformoney索价卖某物（2）makeanoffertodosth主动要做某事Ayearaftergraduation,Iwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.毕业一年后我得到了一个教写作班的工作岗位。Whenhegraduatedfromcollege,hearemotevillageschool.他毕业后主动要求分配到一个偏远村庄学校去工作。Weofferedhimthehousefor£35,000.对于这所房子我们向他索价35000英镑。答案②madeanoffertobesenttoapplyv.申请；适用；应用于（与to连用）［经典例句］Hehasagoodheart,butalwaysfearedapplyingforanewjob.(2013•山东•阅读理解A)他心地善良，但是他总是害怕找一份新工作。applyforsth申请某事apply...to...把应用于applyoneselftosth致力于某事beappliedtosth应用于某事Theresultsofthisresearchcanbeappliedtonewdevelopmentsintechnology.这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发方面。Onemustapplyhimselftohisworkorelsehewillnotenjoyit.一个人必须专心于自己的工作否则他无法喜爱它。Weshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalsohowto.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。答案③applyittopracticerequirev.需要，要求；命令［经典例句］Pilotsandtheiraircraftmustmeetstrictsafetyrequirements.飞行员和飞机必须符合严格的安全要求。requiresbtodosth要求某人做某事requiredoing需要做(其后跟v.ing)主动形式表示被动的含义requiresthofsb向某人要求某物requirethat.,.(should)dosth要求requirementn.要求；必要条件；需要meet/satisfyone'srequirement满足/达到某人的要求Thesituationrequiredthatwe(should)makeanimmediatedecision.当时的情况需要我们立刻作出决定。Theseyoungtreeswillrequirecarefully.这些小树需要悉心照料。Notallgoodscansatisfythecustomers'requirements.并非所有的商品都能满足顾客的需求。答案②lookingafter/tobelookedafter名师点睛(1)require后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”构成，should可以省略。即：requirethatsb(should)dosth命令某人做某事；要求某人做某事ThesituationrequiresthatI(should)bepresent.这种情况需要我在场。(2)require后跟动词时用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，或者用不定式的被动形式,表示“需要做某事”。即：requiredoing=requiretobedone。类似用法的动词有want,need,require等。【知识链接】像require一样后跟宾语从句用虚拟语气的常用动词有：一坚持：insist二命令：order,command三建议：advise,suggest,propose四要求：request,require,demand,desiredemandn.要求；需求v.要求；请求；需求；查问［经典例句［GermanyandFrancedemandedonThursdaythattheAmericansagreetonewtransatlanticrulesonintelligenceandsecurityservicebehaviourbytheendoftheyear.德国和法国政府于周四对美国政府提出要求，要求其最迟于年底必须同意就国家情报和秘密监控方面的新跨大西洋协议。demandsthof/fromsb向某人要求<demandtodosth要求做某事(1)demandthatsb/sthshoulddosthl要求某人/某事……indemand需求，广受欢迎(2)<ondemand一经要求、meet/satisfyone'sdemands满足某人的需求Myfathercamedownanddemandedtoknowwhatwasgoingon.我父亲从楼上下来要求知道正在发生什么事情。Themanagerdemandedthattheworkers(should)workextrahourstocompletethetaskaheadoftime.经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。Sincetheearliestcivilizations,peoplehavecontrolledriversto从最早的文明以来，人们就已经控制河流来满足社会的需求。答案③meet/satisfysociety'sdemandssuffervt.遭受痛苦，忍受，允许vi.忍受，经历［经典例句］Notonlytheenvironmentofacountrycansufferfromthesuddengrowthoftourism.Thepeopleaswellrapidlyfeelitseffects.（2013•江西•阅读理解D）不但一个国家的环境会遭受旅游业突然增长带来的后果，而且人民也会迅速感觉到它的影响。（1）suffer表示“遭受，蒙受”时，常跟pain，loss，defeat,grief，hardship，disappointment,damage，poverty,hunger等作宾语（2）sufferfrom患病，受之苦，受损失，常跟thewar，theflood，aheadache等作宾语（3）sufferingn.［U］痛苦；苦难［pl.］痛苦；苦恼ThePhilippinepeoplesufferedgreatlosseswhenTyphoonHaiyanhitit.当台风海燕袭击菲律宾时菲律宾人民遭受了巨大损失。Manycompaniesareashortageofskilledstaff.许多公司苦于缺乏熟练工人。Theoldmanwentthroughallkindsofsufferingsduringthewar.这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。答案©sufferingfrom［集训中心］I•单词拼写TOC\o"1-5"\h\zManypeoplecomplainthattheirjobsareuninterestingand_s.Strictlyspeaking,he'snotqforthejob.Duringtheweekendwegottogetherandhadasmealinthatrestaurant.Wearedoingourbestwiththelimitedresources_a.Ayearaftergraduation,Iwas供）apositionteachingawritingclass.Themanagerpromisedthattheywouldtrytomeettheircustomers'（要求）.Thenewtechnologywas（应用）tofarming.Having（遭受）defeatafterdefeat,hebegantolosefaithinhimself.答案1.stressful2.qualified3.satisfying4.available5.offered6.demands7.applied8.sufferedII.单项填空（2012•江苏卷）一CanIhelpyouwithit?—Iappreciateyour，butIcanmanageitmyself.adviceB.questionC.offerD.idea答案C［考查名词辨析。句意：一一需要我帮忙吗？一一谢谢你帮忙的提议，但我自己能行。A项表示“建议”；B项表示“问题”；C项表示“提议”；D项表示“主意”。］（2012•全国卷II）TheHarryPotterbooksarequitepopular;theyareingreatinthiscity.quantityB.progressC.productionD.demand答案D［考查名词辨析。句意：《哈利•波特》系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大°beindemand“广受欢迎，需求大”，符合句意。］（2014•广元一诊）Thematterpeople'shealthsurelyrequirescarefully.relatedto;dealingwithrelatingto;dealtwithrelatedto;beingdealtwithrelatingto;havingdealtwith答案A［句意：与人们健康有关的问题确实需要认真处理。第一空表示“与……相关的”，应该用relatedto作matter的后置定语，表示被动；第二空，require后面需要跟动名词或不定式的被动式作宾语。故根据句意和结构可知答案为A。］（2014•潍坊模拟）Anewstudyshowsoldermenalackofdeepsleeparenearlytwiceaslikelytodevelophighbloodpressure.A.sufferingB.sufferedfromC.whosufferfromD.whosuffer答案C［句意：一项新的研究表明缺少深度睡眠的老人有近两倍的几率会患高血压。sufferfrom“遭受之苦”，C项为定语从句，符合句子结构及句意。］（2014•泉州质检）Hedecidedtoforapositioninthepublishinghouseafterhegraduatedfromtheuniversity.A.findB.affordC.offerD.apply答案D［考查动词短语。applyfor“申请”，为固定搭配oapplyforaposition“申请一个职位”。］［核心短语］take...forgranted以为理所当然［经典例句］Itakeitforgrantedthathewillsucceed.我认为他会成功是理所当然的。takesb/sthforgranted(因习以为常)不把……当回事takeitforgranted+thatclause认为……理所当然takesthseriously严肃对待某事，认真地对待某事MrJonestookitforgrantedthattheinvitationincludedhiswife.琼斯先生理所当然地认为他妻子也在被邀请之列。Weairexpandswhenheated.空气受热时膨胀；我们认为这是理所当然的。答案②takeitforgrantedthatinresponseto作为的回应；回答［经典例句］TheiPhone5wasdevelopedinresponsetocustomers'demands.为了满足顾客的需要，开发了苹果手机第五代。respondv.反应；回答respondto对回答；对有反应；对负责任makeno/little/someresponseto...对……没有/很少/有些反应makea(quick)responseto...对……作出(迅速)回应Don'trespondtoanyemailsaskingpersonalinformation,nomatterhowofficialtheylook.不要回复向你索要个人信息的任何邮件，不管它们看起来多么正式。Thefilmstarthequestionaskedbythatreporter.这位电影明星对那个记者的问题作出了迅速回答。答案②madeaquickresponseto［集训中心］I.选词填空inparticular；inresponseto；haveaneffecton；takeitforgranted；takeup；intheoryHeneverpraiseshiswifeforherexcellentcookinghejust.theirhospitality,wewroteathankyounote.Thesurroundingswhichachildgrowsupinmayhisdevelopment.Thewholemealwasgoodbutthewinewasexcellent.Thejourneyshouldonlytakeabout30minutesbutitusuallytakesmorelikeanhour.WhendidyouJapaneseasasecondforeignlanguage?答案l.takesherforgranted2.Iheory6.takeupII.单项填空（2014•攀枝花二诊）ManyofustakeforgrantedthatallforeignerscelebrateThanksgiving.Butthisissimplynottrue.A.themB.itC.thisD.that答案B［句意：我们许多人认为所有外国人庆祝感恩节是理所当然的事。旦这根本就不是事实。take...forgranted“认为想当然”，it作形式宾语，指代后边的宾语从句。］（2014•临川一中联考）Nowadays,manypeoplewalktoworkCopenhagenConferencecallingforlivingalowcarbonlifestyleto©pewithglobalwarming.A.inrelationtoB.inresponsetoC.inadditiontoD.inoppositionto答案B［考查介词短语辨析。句意：现在，许多人步行去上班，以响应哥本哈根气候大会提出的用低碳生活方式应对全球气候变暖的号召oinresponseto意为“回应，响应”，符合语境。］III•单句改错Don'ttakeforgrantedthateveryoneshouldhelpyou..Lookatyourroom.Whatamess!Itrequirescleaned..答案1.take后加it2.cleaned—cleaning［核心句型］Everymorningheclimbsuptothebendwithalargecircularboardinhishand.每天早晨，他手里都拿着一个大圆板爬上弯道.句中withalargecircularboardinhishand是with复合结构，作伴随状语。①Theyoungwoman,withababysleepinginherarms,waswanderinginthestreet.那位年轻妇女，抱着一个熟睡的婴儿，漫步在大街上。（伴随状语）“with+宾语+宾补”构成with复合结构在句中通常表示伴随情况，作状语，有时也可以作定语，说明所修饰名词的特征。其构成通常为：'形容词/副词with+宾语+＜介词短语、不定式/现在分词/过去分词②Withsomanyessaystowrite,hewon'thavetimetogoshoppingthismorning.他有那么多文章要写，今天早上没有时间去买东西。Theboywascryingwiththetoybroken.玩具坏了，那男孩在哭。，wehavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.由陈老师教我们，我们的英语取得了很大的进步.答案④WithMissChenteachingus名师点睛在“with+宾语+宾补”这一复合结构中作宾补的有动词的现在分词、不定式、过去分词，这三种形式已成为考查的热点.若该结构中宾语补足语表示的动作为宾语发出，应用v.ing形式；结合句意，若宾语补足语表示的动作已完成，应用v.ed形式；若还未发生，就用不定式的主动形式；Hewasdrivingalorryloadofbananaswhenhecameofftheroadatabendandfellthreehundredmetresdownthemountain.他正开着装满香蕉的卡车要驶过一个弯道，突然他连人带车翻到了300米深的山崖下。句中Hewasdrivingalorryloadofbananaswhen...表示“正在做这时突然”。when为并列连词，表示“这时；突然"，相当于andatthis/thattime。Wewerediscussingtheproblemwhentherewasapowerfailure.我们正在讨论那个问题，这时停电了。beabouttodo...when...正要做……这时(突然)……be(just)goingtodo...when...正要做……这时(突然)……beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……这时(突然)……hadjustdone...when...刚做了……这时(突然)……Ithetelephonerang.我刚想上床睡觉，电话铃响了。Mylittledaughterhadjustputawayallherthingswhenthelightswentout.我的小女儿刚把她的东西收拾好，突然灯灭了。答案②wasabouttogotobedwhen［集训中心］I.翻译句子他离开了办公室，计算机还开着。（with复合结构）老师们解决了许多问题后回家。（with复合结构）我刚想穿上衣服出门，突然一位老友来访。（bedoing...when...）答案1.Helefttheofficewiththecomputerworking.2.Theteacherswenthomewithalotofproblemssettled.Iwasputtingonmycoatandgoingtogooutwhenanoldfrienddroppedin.II.单项填空（2012•辽宁卷）Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogthem.A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows答案B［考查with复合结构。在with复合结构中，宾补可以是形容词、副词、分词、不定式等，此处petdog与follow之间构成主动关系，所以用following。不定式表示动作尚未发生，故排除A。］Sheopenedhereyeswithastartandwasabouttocryoutsheheardherfatherurgentlytellinghertokeepquiet.A.whileB.whenC.beforeD.after答案B［句意：她猛地睁开眼睛，刚要哭，这时她听到父亲急忙告诉她要保持安静。beabouttodosthwhen...为固定句型，其中的when为并列连词，相当于andatthattime。］littlesuchmaterialleft,theydecidedtoholdameetingtodiscusswhat.Therewas;wasdoneBeing;tobedoneHaving;todoWith;wasdone答案C［考查非谓语动词。句意：那种材料所剩不多，他们决定开会讨论该做什么。分析句意和句子结构可知，第一空用现在分词having作原因状语或用with复合结构，但第二空处暗含将来意味，表示“该采取什么对策”，故用“疑问词+todo”作宾语，故选C。］［单元语法］复习动词的形式（2）（2014•乌鲁木齐一诊）一Howyou