英语一阅读理解考研真题

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英语一阅读理解考研真题1

Text2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2024presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbeingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2024surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson

thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

sharpen

define

boast

share

28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis

readersoutdatedvalues.

journalists’biasedreporting

readers’misinterpretation

journalists’made-upstories.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

英语一阅读理解考研真题2

TEXT2

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCaliforniasadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCaliforniaslameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspectspurse.ThecourthasruledthatpolicedontviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringonessmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarresteesreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentofcloudputing.meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCaliforniasargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitutionsprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,parestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

searchforsuspectsmobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

checksuspectsphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

27.TheauthorsattitudetowardCaliforniasargumentisoneof

tolerance.

indifference.

disapproval.

cautiousness.

28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringonesphonecontentisparableto

gettingintoonesresidence.

handingoneshistoricalrecords.

scanningonescorrespondences.

goingthroughoneswallet.

29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction.

phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation.

citizensprivacyisnoteffectiveprotected.

30.OrinKerrsparisonisquotedtoindicatethat

(A)theConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly.

(B)NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution.

(C)CaliforniasargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution.

(D)PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtered.

英语一阅读理解考研真题3

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust，hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses，hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningapany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision，”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks，hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup，whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofpanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn‘talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure，executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold，deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter，CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad，accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup，opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey：“Ican‘tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven‘talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage，sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedmoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2024withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit‘ssafertostaywhereyouare，butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted，”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho‘vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture，hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

arrogant.

frank.

self-centered.

impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2，seniorexecutives‘quittingmaybespurredby

theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword“poached”(Line3，Paragraph4)mostprobablymeans

approvedof.

attendedto.

huntedfor.

guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.

loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.

it‘ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

CEOs：WheretoGo?

CEOs：AlltheWayUp?

TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet

TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

英语一阅读理解考研真题4

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,paniescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2024AmericasFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)proposedaddingadonottrack(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.MicrosoftsInternetExplorerandApplesSafaribothofferDNT;GooglesChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomepanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.Ifitistryingto