Unit 2 Understanding each other Grammar and Usage 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册

welcomeladiesandgentlemenwhatisattibutiveclause?含义定语（attribute）：在句子中修饰名词、代词的成分定语从句（attributiveclause）:

在句子中做定语的从句定语从句的特点：都可以翻译成IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.

(定语从句)Jacklikesmovies

thatarefunny.(定语从句)''...的”定语从句的一般结构是：先行词（人/物）+关系代词/关系副词+从句

Iknowtheboy

whoissittingonthedesk.主句定语从句先行词引导词

关系代词：thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系副词：whenwherewhy先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：

1.引导一个定语从句；

2.在从句中代替先行词；

3.在从句中担任某一句子成份。一、关系代词的用法关系代词指代在从句中的作用that人/物主/宾which物主/宾who人主/宾whom人宾whose（ofwhich/whom）人/物定判断关系词的方法在判断哪一个关系词来引导定语从句时，其次,确定关系词在从句中充当的成分首先,

找准定语从句的先行词例句3.What'sthe

girlyoutalkedtojustnow?

刚才跟你说话的那个女孩子是干什么的？whom(who)

2.Hewastheman

carwasstolenlastnight.他就是昨天晚上车被偷的那个男子。whose1.Thatwasafaultcouldnotbeforgiven.那是不能宽恕的错误。that/whichthat/which作主语whose作定语whom(who)作宾语考点一：定语从句的主谓一致由关系代词引导的定语从句，从句谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词来确定，即先行词为单数，从句谓语动词为单数;先行词为复数，则从句谓语动词为复数。仔细观察：你会发现什么？1)Iprefershoesthatarecool?2)Ilikeapizzathatisreallydelicious.3)Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.4)Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.pracice1.Heisoneofthestudentswhowerelateforschool.他是迟到的学生中的一个。(句中的students是先行词，故从句的谓语动词使用复数形式)2.Hewastheonly

oneofthestudentswhowaslateforschool.他是学生中唯一迟到的一个。

(one之前有”theonly”或“thevery”修饰时，one就是先行词，故从句的谓语动词应该使用单数形式）考点二：关系代词的省略在限制性定语从句中，关系代词which,who,whom或that在从句中充当宾语，且前无介词时，关系代词可以省略。例如：Thisrecorder（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.Thepeople(whom)Iworkwithareallfriendly.Isthisthelibraryfromwhich

youborrowbooks.是否可以省略which判断正误1949wastheyearthattheP.R.C.wasfounded.考点三：关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.2.Thisistheboy

Isit.Theyliveinahousewhosedooropenstothesouth.

1.Theboyyouwanttotalkisinthelab.Whose从句可转换为“

of+关系代词”型Theylivedinahouseofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.towhombehind

whomthat和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething

(that)

youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.

Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthat

belongstohim.(1)先行词为everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时。(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。(5)主句是who或者which引导的特殊疑问句时。

Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?(6)主句以Therebe引导时

Thereare200peoplethatdidn’tknowthething.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that.Sheisn’tthegirl

thatshewas10yearsago.(8)当有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who(whom）和which引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools

that

hehadvisited.引导定语从句一般只用which而不用that的情况：

(1)当关系代词前有介词，先行词指物时。Thosearemanytreesunder

whichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中Football

,

whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(3)先行词本身是that，或句子中已经有了thatWhatIwanttodoisthatwhichwillhelpusall.1.Whoisthepersonwhichisstandingatthegate?2.ThatwhitefloweristheonlyonewhichIreallylike.3.ThisisthefirstcompositionwhichhehaswritteninEnglish.4.Hefailedtotheexam,thatisnatural.5.Allwhatcanbedonehasbeendone.Correctthesentences:whothatthatwhcihthatHe，whoknowsnothingbutpretendtoknoweverything,isindeedagood-for-nothing.不懂装懂，永世饭桶。考点四：非限制性定语从句：Mysister,

whoistwenty,worksinabank.Theman

whocamehereyesterday

hascomeagain.限制性定语从句是在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。考点五：as引导定语从句as引导定语从句通常用于thesame...as,suchas结构中。.eg:ThisisthesamebookasIlentyou.as引导非限制性定语从句，既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常使用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpected等。eg:1.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthemid-termexamation.这是我借给你的同一本书。定语从句中的关系副词：when,where,why

when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。I’llneverforgettheday

when

Ijoinedtheleague.onwhichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。Thisisthehouse

where

Ilivedtwoyearsago.inwhichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereason

why

shewaslate.Itrainedheavily,forwhich

hewaslatefortheclass.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年待过的山村。inwhichIsthisthemuseumwhereyouvisitedafewdaysago?这是你去年去的博物馆吗？inwhich判断改错[错]ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.[错]IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.[对]Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.[对]Iwillneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone

2.I‘llneverforgetthedaysIworkedtogetherwithyou.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.theoneAC话题运用______is