高中定语从句详细讲解及练习题 全省一等奖

定语从句Theattributiveclause（一）定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有:when,where,why关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。Theman

isshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who

指人，在定语从句中作主语。Theboys

areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Those___wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman____hadlosthisway.Thatistheteacher_____teachesusphysics.2.whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiuistheperson_______youtalkedaboutonthebus.LiMingisjusttheboy_____Iwanttosee.3.which

指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagame_____islikedbymostboys.Thefactory_______makescomputersisfarawayfromhere.Helikestoreadbooks______arewrittenbyforeignwriters.Thehouse____isbythelakelooksnice.Thisisthepen_____heboughtyesterday.Thefilm____theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.4．that指人时，相当于who或

whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeople____cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Whereistheman_____Isawthismorning?Theperson____youintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseason_____comesafterspringissummer.YesterdayIreceivedaletter______camefromAustralia.5.whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientist___nameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriend_____fatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinthehouse____roofhasfallenin.注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：Theclassroom______doorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebook____coverisyellow?２.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwith_____youtalkedjustnowismyneighbour.Theplane______weflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.×√×（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Istillremembertheday_____Ifirstcametothisschool.Thetime______wegottogetherfinallyarrived.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Doyouremembertheyears_____helivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.2.where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghaiisthecity_____Iwasborn.Ivisitedthefarm_____alotofcowswereraised.Thehouse_____Ilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Isthistheplace_____theyfoughttheenemy?3.why

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereason

_____youmissedtheplane.Thereason____hewaspunishedisunknowntous.Idon’tknowthereason

____helooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。Fromtheyears_____hewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“．．．的”通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上A．作宾语时可省略B．不可省略A．可用that

B．不用thatA．可用who

代替whomB．不可用who

代替whom非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,_____loveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.China,_____wasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是everything,

anything,nothing(something

除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。Haveyoutakendowneverything

____Mr.Lisaid?Thereseemstobenothing

___isimpossibletohimintheworld.All_____canbedonehasbeendone.Thereislittle

that

Icandoforyou.Hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformation

thattheyneeded.

Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，Alltheguests

that/who

wereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.Anymanthat/who

hasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。Thefirstplacethat

theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebest

film

that

Ihaveeverseen.4．当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。Thisistheverydictionary

that

Iwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：当先行词指人时，通常用关系代词who。WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwho

willattendthemeeting.5.当先行词前面有who,which

等疑问代词时。Whoisthemanthat

isstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthat

fitsmemost?6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings

that

theyrememberedatschoolLookatthemanandhisdonkey

that

arewalkingupthestreet.

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which

引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是

1.as

和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。Hemarriedher,as/which

wasnatural.Heishonest,as/which

wecansee.2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。As

isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Heisfromthesouth,as

wecanknowfromhisaccent.John,as

youknow,isafamouswriter.ZhangHuahasbeentoParismorethantentimes,which

Idon’tbelieve.注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,which

madehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,which

madethemveryheavy.3.当先行词受such,thesame

修饰时，关系词常用as。I’veneverheardsuchstoriesas

hetells.Heisnotsuchafoolas

helooks.ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词受thesame

修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。Sheworethesamedressthat

sheworeatMary’swedding.Sheworethesamedressas

heryoungersisterwore.(三)以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)

heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhich)

youlaughather.（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）.A.Iknowaplacewhere

wecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/that

isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.Compare:B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.Thisisthereasonthat/which

heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.（五）but有时也用作关系词引导定语从句。Thereareveryfewbut

admirehistalents.

（but=whodon’t）（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别1．定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。Theplanethat

hasjusttakenoffisforParis.Thefactthat

hehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.2．定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。Thenewsthat

hetoldmeistrue.Thenewsthat

hehasjustdiedistrue.Theproblemthat

wearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.Theproblemhow

wecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.Thequestionthat

heraisedpuzzledallofus.Thequestionwhether

heissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。A.Theideathathewecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.Theideawas

that

wecouldasktheteacherforadvice.B.Thefactthat

theearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.Thefactisthat

theearthmovesaroundthesun.C.Payattentiontotheproblemhow

wecanprotectthewildanimals.Theproblemishow

wecanprotectthewildanimals.1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,_____madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where3.Thegentleman_______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom4.Pleasetakeanyseat____isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that5.Theoldmanhastwosons,_______isasoldier.A.oneofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.noneofthem6.Thisistheship_______wecrossedthePacific(太平洋).A.bywhichB.bythatC.whereD.inwhich7.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____hasmorethan100storeys.A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhich8.Myhomevillageisnolongerthesame_____itusedtobe.A.whichB.asC.whereD.when9.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,______manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.atwhichD.bywhichtime10.Theboy______compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which11.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it12.Mr.Wangisaboss,______factoryLiPingworked.A.inwhoseB.whoseC.inwhomD.ofwhich13.Idon'tliketheway_____youspeaktoher.A./B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,andC14.Ishallneverforgettheyears_______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,——————hasagoodeffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who15._____isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30year’stime.A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.It16.Isthisbook_____youwanttoborrowfromthelibrary?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./17.Suchabook______youshowedmeisdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like18.Thespeakerspokeofsomewr