高考英语二轮专题复习专题强化练（十三）完形填空之说明文议论文

专题强化练(十三)完形填空之说明文、议论文ANumbersenseisnottheabilitytocount.Itistheabilitytorecognizea__12__，experimentsshowthatmanyanimalsare，too.Forexample，manybirdshavegoodnumbersense.Ifanesthasfoureggsandyouremoveone，thebirdwillnot__3__．However，ifyouremovetwo，thebird__4__leaves.Thismeansthatthebirdknowsthe__5__betweentwoandthree.Anotherinterestingexperimentshowedabird's__6__numbersense.Amanwastryingtotakeaphotoofacrow(乌鸦)thathadanestinatower，butthecrowalwaysleftwhenshesawhimcoming.Thebirddidnot__7__untilthemanleftthetower.Themanhadan__8__．Hetookanothermanwithhimtothetower.Onemanleftandtheotherstayed，buttheydidnot__9__thebird.Thecrowstayedawayuntilthesecondmanleft，too.Theexperimentwas__10__withthreemenandthenwithfourmen.Butthecrowdidnotreturntothenestuntilallthemenwere__11__．Itwasnotuntilfivemenwentintothetowerandonlyfourleftthattheywere__12__abletofoolthecrow.Howgoodisahuman'snumbersense?It'snotverygood.Forexample，babiesaboutfourteenmonthsoldalmostalwaysnoticeifsomethingistakenawayfroma__13__group.Butwhenthenumbergoesbeyondthreeorfour，thechildrenare__14__fooled.Itseemsthatnumbersenseissomethingwehaveincommonwithmanyanimalsinthisworld，andthatourhuman__15__isnotmuchbetterthanacrow's.1． B．patternC．change D．trend2．A.Importantly B．SurprisinglyC．Disappointedly D．Fortunately3．A.survive B．careC．hatch D．notice4．A.generally B．sincerelyC．casually D．deliberately5．A.distance B．rangeC．difference D．interval6．A.amazing B．annoyingC．satisfying D．disturbing7．A.relax B．recoverC．react D．return8．A.appointment B．excuseC．idea D．explanation9．A.fool B．hurtC．catch D．kill10．A.reported B．repeatedC．designed D．approved11．A.confused B．goneC．tired D．drunk12．A.gradually B．luckilyC．strangely D．finally13．A.single B．smallC．local D．new14．A.seldom B．temporarilyC．merely D．often15．A.sight B．natureC．ability D．belief【语篇解读】本文是说明文。讲述什么是数字感之后重点介绍有关动物也具有数字感的实验，实验结果表明许多动物和人一样具有数字感，且人的这种感知数字变化的能力并不比乌鸦的这种能力强多少。1．解析：由下文的两个实验来看，都是数字的“变化”。故选C项。答案：C2．解析：由句意“实验表明许多动物也跟人类一样具有这种能力”，可知这是“令人惊讶的”，故选B。答案：B3．解析：结合下句，特别是However可知，上下句的大意应是“如果鸟巢内有四个蛋，你移走一个蛋，这只鸟会没有注意到；然而，如果你移走两个蛋，这只鸟就会离开这里了”。故选D。答案：D4．解析：这只鸟“通常”会离开，因为这个具体的例子是用来说明“manybirdshavegoodnumbersense”这个主题的。故选A。答案：A5．解析：这个例子谈到，四个中移走一个余下三个，这只鸟不会注意到；若移走两个，余下两个，这只鸟就会离开这里了。这说明这只鸟知道余下两个与余下三个的“差别”。故选C。答案：C6．解析：与上文中goodnumbersense(良好的数字感)中的good相对应．也与第2题的答案surprisingly相对，故选“amazing(令人惊异的)”，近义复现。答案：A7．解析：与left相对，“离开”“返回”这两者也叫同现；与下文中“returntothenest”的return是原词复现。答案：D8．解析：从下文看，这个人有了一个“主意”或想了一个“办法”。故选C。答案：C9．解析：由but可知，他们并没能够“欺骗”那只乌鸦。与下文“foolthecrow”中的fool是原词复现，故选A。答案：A10．解析：该实验先由一个人去接近那只乌鸦，然后又带一个人即共两个人去做这个实验，接着三个人、四个人去“重复”做这个实验。故选B。答案：B11．解析：那只乌鸦直到所有人都“不在了，消失了”才会回来。答案：B12．解析：前面已分别由一个人、二个人、三个人、四个人重复做了四次了，直到五个人进了塔走了四个，即还有一个在塔里，他们才“最终”欺骗了这只乌鸦。结合文章倒数第二段讲14个月大的婴儿在数量超过三四个之后就常常被欺骗，就可理解。答案：D13．解析：由下文“Butwhenthenumbergoesbeyondthreeorfour”可知，是指三四个以内的这样一“小”组东西。答案：B14．解析：由But可知，后文是表示与alwaysnotice相对的意思，当数量超过三四个以后，就“常常”能欺骗这些婴儿了。故选D。答案：D15．解析：由文章的首段或首句可知，本文在讲到人与动物具有数字感，即有辨别数字变化的“能力”。故选C。答案：CB(2020·山东临沂高三检测)MostdogshaveaneasylifeintheUS.Theyeat，play，getattentionfromtheir__16__andsleep.Butsomedogsworkhard.Theyarecalledguidedogs.Guidedogshelp__17__peoplemovefromplacetoplacesafely.Guidedogsandtheirownersareateam.Guidedogsdon'tleadtheowners，andtheirownersdon't__18__controltheguidedogs.Theyworktogether.Theguidedogsdon'tknowwheretheownerswanttogo，sothey__19__theowners'instructions.Theownerscan'tseetheobstacles(障碍物)alongtheway，sothedogsmakedecisionsforthe__20__oftheowners.Guidedogsstopatallcrossroadsbefore__21__astreet.Theydon'tseecolor，sotheydon'tknowifthelightisredorgreen.Theownersdecidedifitistimetocrossthestreetbylisteningtothesoundof__22__．Thedogshelptheownersgetonabusortrain.Theylearnto__23__manytasks.Mostguidedogsareveryintelligentandfriendly.Aguidedogneedstowork__24__distraction(分心)innoisyplaces，badweather，crowdsofpeople，and__25__situations.Whenyouseeaguidedog，itisimportantthatyou__26__thatthedogneedstofocusonitsjob.Don'tpatortalktothedog.Guidingisverydifficult，anditrequiresadog'sfull__27__．Guidedogtraininglastsaboutfivemonths.Onlyabout72percentofdogsthatenterthetrainingprogram“graduate”．Thosethatgraduatebringtheirownersvaluable__28__andlove.Inotherdogtrainingprograms，trainersusefoodasareward.Inguidedogtraining，thetrainersdon'tusefood.Theyusephysicalaffection(爱抚)．Thisis__29__aguidedogsometimestakestheownertoarestaurant.Itmustlie__30__attheowner'sfeetwithoutwantingtoeat.16．A.owners B．receiversC．agents D．companions17．A.annoyed B．blindC．numb D．deaf18．A.obviously B．exactlyC．completely D．immediately19．A.follow B．reflectC．desire D．contradict20．A.preference B．conductC．comfort D．safety21．A.crossing B．observingC．diving D．leaving22．A.music B．dogsC．traffic D．steps23．A.leavealone B．dryoutC．setaside D．carryout24．A.beyond B．againstC．over D．without25．A.pleasant B．simpleC．difficult D．awful26．A.recognize B．declareC．recommend D．distribute27．A.attention B．dignityC．enterprise D．concept28．A.bonus B．certificateC．relationship D．help29．A.when B．becauseC．why D．how30．A.quickly B．carefullyC．patiently D．gently【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了导盲犬的相关知识与注意事项。16．解析：考查名词。句意：他们吃、玩耍、从主人那里得到关注、睡觉。owner“主人，所有者”；receiver“接收者”；agent“代理人，经纪人”；companion“同伴，伙伴”。答案：A17．解析：考查形容词。导盲犬应该是帮助盲人的。annoyed“恼怒的”；blind“失明的”；numb“麻木的，失去知觉的”；deaf“聋的”。答案：B18．解析：考查副词。根据后文可知，导盲犬不能带领主人，主人也不能完全控制导盲犬，他们一起工作，是一个团队。obviously“显然地，明显地”；exactly“确切地”；completely“完全地，彻底地”；immediately“立刻，马上”。答案：C19．解析：考查动词。导盲犬不知道主人要去哪里，所以它们要听从主人的指示。followtheinstructions“听从指示”。reflect“反映，反射”；desire“渴望，想要”；contradict“反驳”。答案：A20．解析：考查名词。主人看不到路上的障碍物，为了主人的安全，导盲犬做出相应的决定。preference“偏爱”；conduct“行为”；comfort“安慰”；safety“安全”。答案：D21．解析：考查非谓语动词。在穿过马路之前，导盲犬在十字路口停下来。cross“穿过”；observe“观察”；dive“潜水”；leave“离开”。答案：A22．解析：考查名词。导盲犬不能分辨颜色，所以它们不知道交通信号灯是红色的还是绿色的。主人通过听车辆的声音来辨别是否可以过马路。music“音乐”；dog“狗”；traffic“交通，车辆”；step“步伐，脚步声”。答案：C23．解析：考查动词短语。它们学会执行许多任务。leavealone“不管”；dryout“(使)变干”；setaside“放在一边，省出”；carryout“执行”。答案：D24．解析：考查介词。导盲犬需要即使在一些吵闹的地方、坏天气下、人群中和困难的情况下工作，也不能分心。beyond“超出，超过”；against“反对”；over“超过，在上面”；without“没有”。答案：D25．解析：考查形容词。解析见上一题。pleasant“令人愉快的”；simple“简单的”；difficult“困难的”；awful“极讨厌的”。答案：C26．解析：考查动词。根据后句“Don'tpatortalktothedog”可知，导盲犬工作时，你要意识到它需要专注于它的工作。recognize“认出，识别”；declare“宣布”；recommend“推荐”；distribute“分发，分销”。答案：A27．解析：考查名词。给人领路是很困难的，并且它需要狗的全部注意力。attention“注意，关注”；dignity“尊严，高贵”；enterprise“事业”；concept“概念”。答案：A28．解析：考查名词。那些训练毕业的导盲犬带给它们的主人珍贵的帮助和爱。bonus“红利，奖金”；certificate“证书”；relationship“关系”；help“帮助”。答案：D29．解析：考查连接词。这是因为导盲犬有时带主人去餐厅。when“当……时候”；because“因为”；why“为什么”；how“如何，怎么样”。答案：B30．解析：考查副词。它必须耐心地躺在主人脚边，而不吃东西。quickly“迅速地”；carefully“仔细地”；patiently“耐心地”；gently“温柔地”。答案：CCInthepast，peopleusedtomakeclothesanddorepairsonthingsinthehousemorethannowadays.Ithinkthedifferencebetweenthenandnowhasbeen__31__byanumberofreasonssuchasthequantityofother__32__，thedifferencesinjobsandinlifestyles，etc.Inthepast，afterpeoplefinishedtheirworkdays，itwasstill__33__andtheydidn'thavetoomanyotheractivitiestodo，__34__theyspenttheirfreetimedoingsomerepairsandmanywomenusedtomakeclothes(Mostofthemdidn'tevenhaveajob)．Nowadays，__35__，alargenumberofwomenworkandbothmenandwomenhavetodealwiththepressuresofworkandtheyusuallywork__36__hours，sotheyhavelittletimetodorepairsormakeclothesthemselves.Anotherreasonthathasledtothis__37__isthatpeoplehavelessandlesstimefora__38__thatrequiresalotoftime.Andwhentheirhobbyneedssomeknowledge，theyhavelittletimetolearnit.Becauseeverythingthattheywantto__39__ismoretechnicalandcomplicatedthanbefore，doingrepairstakesuptoomuch__40__andpeoplenearlyalwayshavetoturntoaqualifiedtechnician.Besides，traditionsarebeinglostbecausepeoplelearntraditionsfromtheir__41__whentheyareyoung，butnowadays，youngpeoplehavetoomanyhobbieslikesports，videogames，computers，cinemas，amusementparks，chatroomsand__42__spendanyoftheirfreetime__43__theirparents.__44__，globalizationandthegreattechnicaladvancesinthehomearealsocontributingfactors，sothissituationis__45__aroundtheworld.31．A.planned B．allowedC．caused D．noted32．A.habits B．thoughtsC．activities D．judgments33．A.special B．hotC．normal D．early34．A.but B．soC．if D．because35．A.however B．thereforeC．otherwise D．besides36．A.flexible B．longC．difficult D．happy37．A.mistake B．relationshipC．idea D．situation38．A.job B．dreamC．hobby D．meeting39．A.fix B．buyC．copy D．check40．A.luck B．powerC．courage D．time41．A.teachers B．friendsC．neighbors D．parents42．A.hardly B．usuallyC．actually D．completely43．A.lookingafter B．learningfromC．cheeringfor D．knowingabout44．A.Afterall B．AtleastC．Forexample D．Atlast45．A.happening B．passingC．disappearing D．serving【语篇解读】本文是议论文。文章主要探讨了现代社会的人们不再像以前的人们那样经常在家做衣服和修理物品的原因。31．解析：在下文中，作者列举了导致(cause)现代人不像过去的人们那样自己做衣服和修理物