小学英语语法总结_第1页
小学英语语法总结_第2页
小学英语语法总结_第3页
小学英语语法总结_第4页
小学英语语法总结_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩40页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

小学英语语法总结小学英语语法总结

但凡在must,mustn’t,can,can’t,let’s,don’t,may,will后的肯定要用动词的原形

二、名词的复数。

名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不行数名词.可数名词的复数变化规章:

1.一般状况下,直接在词尾加-s,如:girl-girls,book-books,pen-pens

2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es,如:class-classes,box-boxes,match-matches,3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i再加-es,如:city-cities,family-families,country-countries

4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es,如:knife-knives,wife-wives,life-lives,5.以o结尾的加-es或-s,如:radio-radios,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,zoo-zoos,photo-photos,

6.man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,child-children,

三、形容词的比拟级、最高级。

形容词有比拟级与最高级之分,单音节词的变化规章:

1.一般状况下,直接在词尾加-er或-est,如:small-smaller-smallest,short-shorter-shortest

2.以e结尾的,加-er或-est,如:large-larger-largest,nice-nicer-nicest.

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i再加-er或-est,如:busy-busier-busiest,heavy-heavier-heaviest.

4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er或-est,如:big-bigger-biggest,thin-thinner-thinnest.

5.多音节的词,前加more,most,如:beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful.6.good-better-best

四、be动词,助动词。

现阶段be动词形式有:am,is,are,were,was,isn’t,aren’t,weren’t,wasn’t助动词形式有:do,does,did,don’t,doesn’t,didn’t

※1.在英语句子中进展变化的时候,有be动词的就在be动词上变化,变“过去”,“否认”;

否认过去否认

am-------amnot(第一人称“I”)am,is------was---------wasn’tis-------isn’t(第三人称)are------were---------weren’tare------aren’t(you和其它人称)

2.没有be动词的就要加助动词;

否认过去过去否认do-----don’t------did---------didn’tdoes(第三人称单数)-----doesn’t------did---------didn’t

五.人称代词

主语物主代词宾格

ImyminemeSheherhersherHehishishimItitsitsitYouyouryoursyouWeouroursusTheytheirtheirsthem

六.特别疑问词

Whatisthis?

WhatisthisinEnglish?Whatisthematter?

Whatistheweatherlike?Whatisthecountrylike?Whatisshe/he/Whatdoyoulike?WhatWhatdoeshedo?

Whatdoyouhavefor…?Whatcolour…?Whatclass…?Whatgrade…?Whattime…?Whatday…?

Whatdo/does/did+…?

Howareyou?Howold…?HowHowmany…?Howmuch…?Howlong…?

Howdo/does/did+…?

Which+n.+(be动词/助动词)+?Whose+n.+(be动词/助动词)+?Where+v.(be动词/助动词)+sb.+?When+v.(be动词/助动词)+sb.+?

Who+v.(be动词/助动词/行为动词)+sb.+?Why+v.(be动词/助动词)+sb.+?

※有can,will,must这几个词的句子,全部的句型转换都在此词变化。

扩展阅读:小学英语语法归纳总结

一、名词

表示某一事物,有详细的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不行数名词。

强调:不行数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要依据some、any、alotof等词去作判

断,以免受误导。

1、可数名词如何变—复数形式‖:

a.一般状况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds;读音:清辅音后读[s],浊辅音和

元音后读[z]。

b.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches;读音:[iz]。c.以—辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries;读音:[z]。d.以—f或fe‖结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。e.以—o‖结尾的词,分两种状况

1)有生命的+es读音:[z]如:mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2)无生命的+s读音:[z]如:photo-photosradio-radios

f.不规章名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese

2、不行数名词没有复数。假如要计算不行数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不行数名词之间加上—量词+of‖。例如:aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice推断步骤:

如是am、is或was→原形读句子→读该单词→熟悉该单词→理解意思→看be动词如是are或were→加s或es练一练:

1、写出以下各词的复数。

I_________him_________this_______her______watch_______mango_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______engineer______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______leaf_______people________2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。

(1)Aretheretwo(box)onthetable?(2)Icanseesome(people)inthecinema.(3)Howmany(day)arethereinaweek?

(4)Here’refive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.

(5)This(violin)ishers.Those(grape)areoverthere.

二、冠词

冠词是一种虚词,不能独立使用,通常放在名词的前面,分为—不定冠词‖和—定冠词‖两种。

1、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,表示—一个,一件……‖。an用在以元音—音素‖开头的单词前。如:

ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour…

2、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有详细意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的根本用法:(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:Themaponthewallisnew.(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如:Lookatthepicture,please.

(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.(4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:thesun太阳themoon月亮theearth地球(5)用在由一般名词构成的专出名词前。如:theGreatWall长城(6)用在江河、湖海等专出名词前。如:theChangjiangRiver长江

(7)此外,序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。如:thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass确定用a、an还是the时可依据汉语意思。练一练:

1、用a或an填空。

____—U‖____ice-cream____goalkeeper____teapot____apple____office____Englishbook____umbrella____unit____hour2、依据需要,填写冠词a,an或the。(1)Whois____girlbehind____tree?

(2)____oldmanhastwochildren,____sonand____daughter.(3)Thisis____orange.____orangeisLucy’s.

(4)Helikesplaying____guitar.Wehave____samehobby.

(5)Weallhad____goodtimelastSunday.(6)Shewantstobe____doctor.

三,数词

我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中消失。区分:基数词前面没有—the‖;序数词前肯定要有—the‖。1、超过二十以上的两位数需要在个位和十位之间加上—-‖。如:21twenty-one2、三位数以上的则需要在百位数后再加上and。如:101a/onehundredandone

3、用基数词来修饰可数名词时,肯定别忘了它的复数形式。如:十八个男孩eighteenboys4、用基数词修饰不行数名词时,如是复数,变它的量词为复数。如:两碗米饭twobowlsofrice

5、序数词一般加—th‖,特别的有:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十:twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…—第几十几‖:前面整十不变,后面—几‖改为序数词。如:88eighty-eighth练一练:

1、请翻译以下短语。

(1)60名学生(2)15本英语书(3)九杯凉水(4)4个孩子(5)12月31(6)6月2日(7)第九周(8)40年前(9)11+7(10)上学第一天2、把以下基数词改成序数词。

one---two---three---nine---fourteen---twenty---thirty-five---eighty-one

四、代词

代词有两种:人称代词和物主代词。

1、人称代词分为:第一、其次、第三人称,且有单复数之分。

2、人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外);宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后。

3、形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面肯定要跟名词,表示该名词是属于谁的。4、名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:

Thisismybag.=Thisismine.Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.

一般看后面有没出名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词;如无,就用名词性物主代词。请牢登记表:

人称代词物主代词

练一练:

单数主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsits复数weusyouyouyouryourstheythemtheirtheirsourours1、按要求写出相应人称代词。

I(宾格)_______she(形容词性物主代词)_______we(名词性物主代词)_______he(复数)_______us(单数)_______theirs(主格)_______its(宾格)_______2、想一想,把下表补充完整。

人称代词单数主格第一人称其次人称youhe第三人称

3、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1)Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2)Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)

-4-

物主代词复数宾格meheritthem主格you宾格us单数形容词性his名词性itstheir复数形容词性our名词性

3)Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)

4)_________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5)_________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6)Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)

7)Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)

8)Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)9)Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)10)_________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________isanurse.(she)11)Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)12)Don’ttouch_________._________isnotacat,_________isatiger!(it)13)_________sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee_________.(she)14)Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)

五、形容词、副词

1、形容词表示某一事物或人的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词有三种形式:原形、比拟级、最高级。比拟级:+er最高级:the…+est

两个重要特征:as……as中间肯定用原形,than的前面肯定要+er。2、形容词、副词比拟级的规章变化如下:

(1)一般直接+er。如:tall-taller,fast-faster单音节词假如以-e结尾,只加-r。如:late-later(2)重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须双写这个字母,再加-er。如:big-bigger,fat-fatter(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er。如:heavy-heavier,early-earlier(4)双音节和多音节词的比拟级应在原级前加more构成。如:beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting

(5)有些不规章变化的,须逐一加以记忆。如:good/wellbetter,bad/illworse,many/muchmore,farfarther/further,oldolder/elder…

练一练:

1、写出以下形容词、副词的比拟级。

biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfat

lightstronghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow

2、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1)Icanswimas_______(fast)asthefish,Ithink.2)Look!Hishandsare_______(big)thanmine.

3)Ithinkyoudothesethings_______(well)thanyourclassmates.4)Whosebagis_______(heavy),yoursormine?

5)DoesJimrunas_______(slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns_______(slow)thanthem.6)Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave_______(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.7)Ijump_______(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.8)I’mvery_______(thin),butshe’s_______(thin)thanme.9)Itgets_______and_______(warm)whenspringcomeshere.

六、介词

1、一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语,才能在句子中起作用。有:in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,outof,from…to…,atthebackof…

2、表示时间的介词有:at,on,in。(1)at表示—在某一个详细的时间点上‖,或用在固定词组中。如:atteno’clock,at9:30a.m.,atnight,attheweekend…(2)on表示—在某日或某日的时间段‖。如:onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning…(3)in表示—在某一段时间(月份、季节)里‖。如:intheafternoon,inSeptember,insummer,in201*…

3、in一词还有其他的固定搭配,如:inblue(穿着蓝色的衣服),inEnglish(用英语表达),takepartin(参与)。

练一练:

1、选用括号内恰当的介词填空。1)What’sthis_______(at,on,in)English?

2)Christmasis_______(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3)Theman_______(with,on,in)blackisSuHai’sfather.4)Hedoesn’tdowell_______(at,on,in)PE.5)Lookatthosebirds_______(on,in)thetree.

6)Wearegoingtomeet_______(at,on,in)thebusstop_______(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat_______(under,behind,in)thedoor?

8)Helen’swritingpaperis_______(in,infrontof)hercomputer.9)Welive_______(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Doesitoftenrain_______(at,on,in)springthere?

2、圈出以下句子中运用不恰当的介词,并将正确的答案写在横线上。

1)JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths.2)Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow.

3)Theyaretalkingtotheirplans.4)HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?5)Women’sDayisatthethirdofMarch.6)Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning.7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?8)CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?9)IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning.10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?

七、动词

这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词(就是我们平常总说的那种动词)。

动词、名词和形容词不太简单区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:

先用—一(量词)‖(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说,如说得通,一般认为是名词;说不通再用—很‖去推断,就是把—很‖和为个词连起来说,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)

1、be动词(am,is,are,was,were)

1)amwas,iswas,are--were口诀:我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,全部复数全用are。

2)确定和否认句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.

3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.

Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.

4)be动词的否认形式:amnot(没有缩写形式),arenot=aren’t,isnot=isn’t。

用恰当的be动词填空。练一练:

1、用be动词的适当形式填空。

1)I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2)Thegirl______Jack“ssister.

3)Thedog_______tallandfat.4)Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5)______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6)How_______yourfather?7)MikeandLiuTao______atschool.8)Whosedress______this?9)Whosesocks______they?10)Who______I?11)Thejeans______onthedesk.

12)Here______ascarfforyou.13)Here______somesweatersforyou.14)Theblackgloves______forSuYang.15)Thispairofgloves______forYangLing.16)Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.17)Sometea______intheglass.18)Gaoshan“sshirt_______overthere.19)Mysister“sname______Nancy.20)______DavidandHelenfromEngland?21)There______agirlintheroom.

22)There______someapplesonthetree.23)_______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?24)There_______somebreadontheplate.25)You,heandI______fromChina.26)There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.

2、助动词(do,does,did)

do,does用于一般现在时,其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否认句中。它们的否认形式:donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t。

留意:在一般现在时中,does用于第三人称单数,其余一律用助动词do;助动词do,does,did后面肯定要用动词原形。练

1、用适当的助动词填空。

1)______youlikethismagazine?2)Thegirl______likebreadforbreakfast.

3)---What______she______attheweekends?---Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.

4)---Wha______youdolastSunday?---Iwrotetomyfriend.5)---DidyouseeaBeijingopera?---No,I______.6)He______notvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday.7)They______notlikeplayingvolleyball.

8)---______JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?---Yes,he.9)______HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?10)---Howmanykites______wehave?---Wehaveten.

2、找出以下句子中的错误,将序号填入题前括号内,并改正。

()1)DidyouhadabiglunchwithyourfamilylastSpringFestival?ABC

()2)---Whatdotheboyhaveinhispencil-box?---Hehasarubber.ABC()3)Theydoesn’tlikethefilm.ABC()4)DoJimgetupatsixeveryday?ABC()5)Don“tgivingtheballtoLiuTao.ABC

3、情态动词

情态动词也是一类特别的动词,平常我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时消失在同一个句子中。

我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might、must。留意:情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)

其否认形式:cannot=can’t,mustnot=mustn’t,…留意:maynot和shallnot(无缩写形式)练一练:选择填空。

()1)Thesignonthewallmeansyou______stayawayfromthebuilding.A.mustB.can’tC.shouldn“t

()2)Howmanybooks______youseeonthedesk?A.mayB.canC.should()3)Itmeansyou______makenoiseinthelibrary.A.shouldB..shouldn“tC.can

()4)---______youlikeaglassofmilk?---Yes,please.A.MayB.CouldC.Would()5)---______youseethesignoverthere?---Sorry,Ican’t.A.CanB.Can’tC.Should()6)______wegototheparkbybus?A.MayB.MustC.Shall

4、行为动词

就是我们平常上课时说的动词,表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词(也叫动名词)+ing、过去式+ed。(1)动词第三人称单数变化规章:

A、一般直接加—s‖,如:playplays,visitvisits,speakspeaks;

B、以—s‖,—x‖,—sh‖,—ch‖结尾时,加—es‖,如:catchcatches,watchwatches;C、以—辅音字母+y‖结尾时,变—y‖为—i‖再加—es‖,如:carrycarries,studystudies。(2)现在分词(动名词)构成规章:

A、一般直接加—ing‖,如:gogoing,dodoing,looklooking;

B、以不发音的—e‖结尾的单词,去—e‖加—ing‖,如:taketaking,makemaking,havehaving;C、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加—ing‖,如:

putputting,stopstopping,runrunning,getgetting,swimswimming,sitsitting,beginbeginning,jogjogging,forgetforgetting。(3)过去式构成规章:

A、一般直接加—ed‖,如:plantplanted,visitvisited,pickpicked;

B、以不发音字母—e‖结尾,直接加—ed‖,如:likeliked,hopehoped,tastetasted;

C、以—辅音字母+y‖结尾时,变—y‖为—i‖再加—ed‖,如:trytried,carrycarried,studystudied;D、有些动词要双写最终一个字母,再加—ed‖,如:stopstopped;E、还有许多动词的过去式是不规章的,请记忆:

是-am(be)-was-being;是-are(be)-were-being;是-be-was,were-being;成为-become-became-becoming;开头-begin-began-beginning;弯曲-bend-bent-bending;吹-blow-blew-blowing;买-buy-bought-buying;能-can-could-----;捕获-catch-caught-catching;选择-choose-chose-choosing;来-come-came-coming;

切-cut-cut-cutting;做-do,does-did-doing;画-draw-drew-drawing;饮-drink-drank-drinking;吃-eat-ate-eating;感觉-feel-felt-feeling;发觉-find-found-finding;飞-fly-flew-flying;遗忘-forget-forgot-forgetting;得到-get-got-getting;给-give-gave-giving;走-go-went-going;成长-grow-grew-growing;有-have,has-had-having;听-hear-heard-hearing;受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting;保持-keep-kept-keeping;

知道-know-knew-knowing;学习-learn-learned,learnt-learning;允许,让-let-let-letting;躺-lie-lay-lying;制造-make-made-making;可以-may-might----;意味-mean-meant-meaning;会见-meet-met-meeting;必需-must-must----;放置-put-put-putting;读-read-read-reading;骑、乘-ride-rode-riding;

响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing;跑-run-ran-running;说-say-said-saying;观察-see-saw-seeing;将-shall-should----;唱歌-sing-sang-singing;坐下-sit-sat-sitting;睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping;说-speak-spoke-speaking;度过-spend-spent-spending。

练一练:

1、写出以下动词的第三人称单数。

drink__________go____________stay__________make__________look__________have_________pass__________carry__________come___________watch__________plant_________fly________study________brush_________do___________teach____________take__________see__________

2、写出以下动词的现在分词。

put__________give__________fly_________get________dance________sit_________run________plant_________take___________swim_________ask___________stop__________take_________write__________have__________smoke_________think__________want__________tell__________

3、写出以下动词的过去式。

is\\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry___________ask________taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw________kick_________pass_______do________

4、用动词的适当形式填空。

(1)I______toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroften_______toschoolwithme.Yesterdaywe_______toschooltogether.Welike________toschoolverymuch.(go)

(2)Theyusually_______lunchathome.Butlastweek,they____lunchatschool.(have)

(3)That______myEnglishbook.It_____new.Butnowit_____nothere.It______thereamomentago.(be)(4)Mysisterlikes________verymuch.Sheoften_______atourschoolfestival.Lastterm,she_______alotof

songsintheschoolhall.She_____beautifully.(sing)

(5)What_____heusually______onSunday?Heusually______hishomework.Look!

He__________hishomeworknow.______he_______hishomeworklastSunday?Yes,he_______.(do)

(6)Dopeopleusually_______mooncakesatMid-autumnFestival?Yes,theydo.Didyou_______mooncakeslastMid-autumnFestival?Yes,Idid.I_______alotofdeliciousmooncakes.(eat)

八、there/herebe构造

1、therebe构造表示—某时、某地存在着什么事物或人‖,包括thereis、thereare、therewas、therewere。herebe构造与它类似,用法也完全一样,只不过是表示—这里存在着什么事物或人‖。2、和have、has、had的区分:

(1)Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人);而have、has、had表示:某人拥有某物。(2)在therebe句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is;主语是复数,be动词用are;如有几件物品,be动词依据最近be动词的那个名词打算—就近原则‖。

(3)therebe句型的否认句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

(4)therebe句型与have(has)的区分:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。

(5)some和any在therebe句型中的运用:some用于确定句,any用于否认句或疑问句。(6)and和or在therebe句型中的运用:and用于确定句,or用于否认句或疑问句。

(7)针对数量提问的特别疑问句的根本构造是:Howmany+名词复数+arethere+介词短语?Howmuch+不行数名词+isthere+介词短语?

(8)针对主语提问的特别疑问句的根本构造是:What’s+介词短语?

(9)Therebe构造一般用在句子的开头,而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。

练一练:

1、用恰当的be动词填空。

1)There______fourseasonsinayear.2)There______notanytreestwoyearsago.

3)---______thereapostofficenearyourschool?---Yes,there______.4)---Howmanystops______there?---There______onlyone.

5)There______notanystampsontheenvelope.6)______thereanybirdsinthetree?

7)There______ashoppingcentrenearourschoollastyear.Butnowthere______noone.8)There______onlythreeofus:mydad,mymumandme.9)Here______somebreadforyou.

10)InNewYork,there______alotofraininspring.

2、选用—have,has,had,thereis,thereare,therewas,therewere‖填空。

1)I______agoodfatherandagoodmother.2)______atelescopeonthedesk.3)He______atape-recorder.4)______abasketballintheplayground.5)They______anicegarden.6)Myfather______astory-booklastyear.7)______areading-roominthebuilding?8)WhatdoesMike______?

9)______anybooksinthebookcase?10)Howmanystudents______intheclassroom?11)______astory-bookonthetableamomentago.12)Whatdoyou______?

13)Myparents______somenicepictures.14)______somemapsonthewall.

15)______amapoftheworldonthewall.16)David’sfriends______sometents.17)__________manychildrenonthehill.

九、some,any的用法

some用于确定句;any用于否认句和一般疑问句。请留意看例句后扩号中说明的用法。例:Thereissomewaterintheglass.(确定句)Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.(确定句)Therearen’tanylampsinthestudy.(否认句)Arethereanymapsonthewall?(一般疑问句)

Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?(盼望得到确定答复)Doyouwanttotakeanyphotosattheparty?(一般疑问句)

练一练:

选用some或any填空。

1)Thereisn’t______milkinthefridge.2)Icansee______cars,butIcan’tsee______buses.3)Hehas______friendsinEngland.4)Werethere______fruittreesonthefarm?5)Hereare______presentsforyou.6)DoesTomwanttotake______photos?

7)Isthere______riceinthekitchen?8)Thereare______newbuildingsinourschool.9)---Wouldyoulike______cakes?---No,I’dnotlike______cakes,butI’dlike______coffee.10)---Arethere______picturesonthewall?---No,therearen’t______pictures.

十、动词不定式

1、to加动词原形构成一种非谓语形式,在这里不是介词,无词义。如:IwanttomakeaNewYearcard.我想制作一张新年贺卡。Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithus?你情愿和我们一起去野餐吗?2、to保存原来动词的一些特征,它可以带自己的宾语和状语等。

如:Togettherefaster,youcantakebusNo.5.想快一点到那儿,你可以坐5路车。3、to前有时带疑问词what,when,where,which,why,how等。

如:He’saskingYangLinghowtogetthere.他正在问杨玲怎样到达那里。总而言之,肯定要记住:to后面用动词原形。

练一练:

1、用扩号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1)Peoplewouldlike________(go)tofarmsinthecountryside.2)It’stime________(have)lunch3)Iwant________(buy)somepresentsformyfriends.4)Thethiefbegan________(run).5)Pleaseshouwmehow________(go)totheshoppingcentre.6)Wouldyoulike________(join)us?

7)Don’tforget________(write)—HappyNewYear‖.8)Shewasveryglad________(see)them.

9)Pleaseremember________(close)thewindowsbeforeyougohome.10)I’msorry________(hear)that.2、圈出以下句子中的错误,并改正。

1)Wouldyoulikegocampingwithus?2)Helen,showuxhowdrawingasquare.3)Iwanttowritesalettertomypenfriend.4)It’stimeforusgotoschool.5)LiuTaowantstoshowingPeter’sphotostohismum.

十一、动名词

其实就是动词的—现在分词‖。它既有—名词性质‖(可作主语),又具有动词性质(可带宾语)。如:Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.还有我们的一些课题:Askingtheway中是—名词性质‖;Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.中是—动词性质‖,带了宾语stamps.

1、remember(记住)后面跟动名词,表示—记得做过某事‖;跟to+动词原形,表示—记得要去做某事‖。如:

Irememberpostingthelettertoday.我记得今日把信寄走了。Pleaseremembertopostthelettertoday.请记住今日要把信寄走。

2、forget(遗忘)后面跟动名词,表示—遗忘做过某事(实际做过)‖;跟to+动词原形,表示—遗忘去做某事(实际没做)‖。如:

Iforgetdoinghomeworkthismorning.我遗忘今日早上做过作业了。Iforgettodohomeworkthismorning.我遗忘今日早上做作业了。

3、stop(停顿)后面跟动名词,表示—停顿做某事‖;跟to+动词原形,表示—停顿正在做的事,而去做别的事‖。如:

Stopsmoking,please.请不要吸烟。

Wearetired.Let’sstoptohavearest.我们累了,让我们停下来休息一下。

4、like(喜爱)后面跟动名词,表示一个人的爱好和习惯,意思是—喜爱干某事‖;跟to+动词原形,常用于wouldliketodosomething,表示—某人想要、情愿干某事‖。如:Iliketakingawalkaftersuppereveryday.我喜爱每天晚饭后去漫步。Iwouldliketohavesomechips.我想要吃些薯条。练一练:

1、用扩号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1)_________(swim)isnotasfastasrunning.2)It’ssunnytoday.Let’sgo_________(fish).

3)Doyoulike_________(read)Englishinthemorning?4)Areyougoodat_________(dance)?

5)Whereisthe_________(shop)centre?

6)Wouldyouliketogo_________(jog)withme?7)Myhobbyis_________(play)football.8)SuHailikes_________(watch)cartoonsonSundays.

2、选择扩号内动词的适当形式填空。

1)I’msorry_________(hearing,tohear)that.2)Jimisgoodat_________(swimming,toswim).3)Shallwego_________(skating,toskate)?

4)Today,myworkis_________(looking,tolook)afterthebaby.5)I’mgoing_________(flying,tofly)akiteintheplayground.6)Ilike_________(playing,toplay)basketballafterschool.7)Wouldyoulike_________(going,togo)totheGreatWall?

8)JimisaskingLiuTaohow________(getting,toget)totheHistoryMuseum.

十二、时间和日期的表达

1、有两种时间表达法:

A)直接读写数词。如:9:15ninefifteen10:30tenthirty11:45elevenforty-five7:05sevenofive2:25twotwenty-five5:55fivefifty-five

B)借助past和to来表达。past一般用于30分钟以内(含30分钟)的时间表达;to一般用于超过30分钟的时间表达。一刻钟可以用aquarter表示,半小时可以用half表示。如:9:15aquarterpastnine10:30halfpastten11:45aquartertotwelve7:05fivepastseven2:25twenty-fivepasttwo5:55fivetosix留意:询问时间可用句型—What’sthetime?‖或者—Whattimeisit?‖。

2、日期的表达:the+序数词+of+月份。如:thethirdofJune六月三日留意:询问日期可用句型—Whatdateisittoday?‖或者—What’sthedatetoday?‖。

练一练:

1、用两种方法表达以下时间。

6:451:589:053:22

5:508:302、用英语表达以下日期。

五月一日九月十日三月八日四月五日七月九日八月三日一月十五日六月二日十二月二十五日3、同义句转换,每空一词。

1)---What’sthetime?---It’selevenforty-five.---___________isit?---It’s___________.2)It’ssevenofive.It’stimeforbreakfast.It’s___________.It’stime___________.3)---What’sthedatetoday?---It’s1stOctober.---___________isittoday?---It’s___________

十三、名词全部格

1、有生命的名词全部格:

A)单数后加—’s‖,如:SuHai’stwinsister苏海的双胞胎妹妹Jim’sfamily吉姆的一家B)以—s‖结尾的复数名词,只需加—’‖,如:Teachers’Day教师节thetwins’parentsC)不以—s‖结尾的复数名词,则仍需加—’s‖,如:Children’sDay儿童节

留意:表示两人或几人共有的物品,只需在最终一人名后加—’s‖,如:BenandJim’sbook

2、无生命的名词全部格,一般与—of‖构成短语。如:

aphotoofhisfamily他家的一张照片thecolourofherskirt她的短裙的颜色

练一练:翻译以下词组:

大卫的叔叔我妹妹的邮票

妇女节教师们的办公室

他笔友的信这本书的名字双胞胎的书房孩子们的爱好邮局的大门

十四、句子的种类

类别例句用法描述一件事情或陈述句确定Thisisabag.Ilikespring.者说明说话人的看法类别例句用法描述一件事情或陈述句标点.标点否认Ican’tseeabagoverthere.Idon“tknow.者说明说话人的看法Areyouastudent?Doyoulike.一般puppets?CanyouspeakEnglish?when什么时间;who谁;whose谁的;where在哪里;which哪一个;why为什么;what疑问句特别什么;whattime什么时间;whatcolour什么颜色;whatabout……怎么样;whatday星期几;whatdate什么日期;whatfor为何目的;how怎样;howold多大岁数;howmany数量多少;howmuch多少钱;howabout……怎么样;howfar多远选择反意确定Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?It’safineday,isn’tit?Putithere.Don’tlookatthenoticeboard.Howsmartthescarfis!Whatasmart-18-

用于提出问题?祁使句表示命令、建议或恳求否认感慨句.或!表示惊异、喜悦、?

scarf!Howsmartthescarvesare!Whatsmartscarves!

赞美、厌恶或生气等剧烈感情练一练:

1、填入适当的疑问词。

1)_______walletisit?It’smine.

2)_______istheChristmasDay?It’sonthe25thofDecember.3)_______isthediary?It’sunderthechair.4)_______istheboyinblue?He’sMike.

5)_______aretheearphones?Theyare25yuan.6)_______isthehairdryer?It’sblue.7)_______isittoday?It’sSunday.

8)_______wasityesterday?Itwasthe13thofOctober.9)_______thisredone?It’sbeautiful.

10)_______isitfromhere?It’sabout2kilometresaway.

11)A:CanIhavesomepaperandsomecrayons?B:_______?A:Iwanttomakeakite.12)_______isyourcousin?He’s15yearsold.13)_______doyouhavedinner?At6o’clock.

14)_______oneisfatter,theblueoneortheredone?Theblueone.

2、对划线局部提问。

1)Icanseeeightrubbersinthebox.

_____________________can_______seeinthebox?2)Myfatherisfinetoday.____________yourfathertoday?

3)LiuTaoisplayingfootballintheplayground.___________LiuTao_______intheplayground?4)Thefilmswereontheground.

______________thefilms?

5)Thegirlwithbigeyesismysister’sfriend.___________________sister’sfriend?6)Mybirthdayisonthe9thofSeptember.____________yourbirthday?7)I’dlikeanicecakeforbreakfast.___________________likeforbreakfast?8)That’sNancy’sskirt.______________isthat?

3、按要求改写句子。

1)It’sabook.(改为一般疑问句)___ita_______?

2)Myfatherisinthestudy.(对划线局部提问)_______is_______father?

3)DoyouwatchTVeverySunday?(做确定答复)_______,I_______.

4)Thispictureisbeautiful.(改为以what引导的感慨句)What_____________picture!

5)Openthedoorforhim.(改为否认句)_______open______for_______!6)Ihaveabigpresent.(对划线局部提问)_______doyou_______?

确定句否认句一般疑问句及答复

Heisrunningnow.Heisn’trunningnow.---Isherunningnow?---Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.

Theyaremakingapuppet.Theyaren’tmakingapuppet.---Aretheymakingapuppet?---Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.

7)Therearesomeorangetrees.(改为单数句子)There______________orange_______.

8)wearegoingtoseeaBeijingopera.(对划线局部提问)What_______you___________do?

9)Hehassomequestions.(改为一般疑问句)_______he______________questions?

10)TheyvisitedtheirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival.(改为一般疑问句)_____they_______theirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival?

十五、时态

1、一般现在时

A、当谓语是be动词时,构成为:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其他。如:Iamastudent.B、当谓语是行为动词时,构成有两种:

(1)主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他。如:WeoftenwatchTVattheweekends.(2)主语(第三人称单数)+动词第三人称单数形式+其他。如:JimusuallygoestotheparkonSundays.C、句型变换:

确定句否认句一般疑问句及答复

TheywatchTVatsixeveryday.Theydon’twatchTVatsixeveryday.---DotheywatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.

ShewatchesTVatsixeveryday.Shedoesn’twatchTVatsixeveryday.---DoesshewatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.确定句TheywatchTVatsixeveryday.否认句Theydon’twatchTVatsixeveryday.一般疑问句及答复---DotheywatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.---DoesshewatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.ShewatchesTVatsixShedoesn’twatchTVateveryday.sixeveryday.

练一练:

A、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1)Heoften______(have)dinnerathome.2)DanielandTommy______(be)inClassOne.3)We______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4)Nick______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5)____they______(like)theWorldCup?6)There(be)somewaterinthebottle.7)____yourparents_____(read)newspaperseveryday?8)Mike______(like)cooking.

9)Youalways______(do)yourhomeworkwell.10)They______(have)thesamehobby.11)Myaunt______(look)afterherbabycarefully.12)LiuTao______(do)notlikePE.13)SheandI______(take)awalktogethereveryevening.

B、按要求转换句子,每空一词。

1)Tomlikesplayingbasketballwithhisfriends.(改成否认句)Tom___________playingbasketballwithhisfriends.

2)David’sparentsoftentakeawalkaftersupper.(改为一般疑问句并作出否认答复)---______David’sparentsoften______awalkaftersupper?---No,____________.3)TheyusuallywatchTV.(对划线局部提问)____________theyusually______?

4)Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句并作出确定答复)---_________alwaysa______student?---______,____________.5)SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否认句

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论