主动语态和被动语态课件

主动语态和被动语态课件WhatisthePassiveVoice?WhatisthePassiveVoice?

英语动词有两种语态：

主动语态

(theActiveVoice)

被动语态(thePassiveVoice)What

isit?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.英语动词有两种语态：Whatisit?A.主动WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态WespeakEngl当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.

昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。Manystudents

study

English.(主动语态)

English

isstudied

bymanystudents.(被动语态)当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoiWhentouseit?

1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2.当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)

。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）

Thedictionaryiswellkept.Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s.Whentouseit?1.当我们不知道谁是动作的被动语态的用法:Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker.1.强调动作的承受者;如:TabletennisisplayedalloverChina.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.如:AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver.ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6,1924.被动语态的用法:Anotewaspassedupt

TheStructureis助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

(be+P.P.)

TheStructureis助动词be+及物动词的过一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliant.

他被认为很有才气。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.

这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.

那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.

他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.

这孩子必须被好好照顾。一般现在时：am/is/aredoneHeis被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如:Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday.被动语态的结构：在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。典型题例

例1将下列句子改为被动语态。

We

cleanourclassroomeveryday.

Ourclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.

在改写中应注意：典型题例

例1将下列句子改为被动语态。

主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者They

make

shoesinthatfactory.

Shoes2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数.arewere3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的时态----即原句动词改为过去分词

made5.修改原句的主语----即by+主语.bythem.主变被解题步骤:1.找宾语----即动作的承受者They

Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

Tom

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byTom.

He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

Tombrokethewindow.

Tom一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is+

过去分词Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld.2.Mr.Greenteachesusthisterm.Football

allovertheworld

.We

thisterm.isplayedbypeoplearetaught(byMr.Green)一般现在时的被动语态：am/are/is+过去分词Pe一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+

过去分词4.PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago.5.Twoyearsagoweusedthemachines

tomakeshoesforchildren.TheGreatWall

longago.Twoyearsagothosemachines

shoesforchildren.wasbuilt(bypeople)

wereused(byus)tomake一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词4.P一般将来时的被动语态：will/begoingto+be+

过去分词6.Wewillwriteadiarynextclass.7.Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty.Adiary

nextclass.Abirthdayparty

.

willbewritten(byus)

isgoingtoheldbyTom一般将来时的被动语态：will/begoingto情态动词的被动语态：must/haveto/can等+be+

过去分词8.Youmustthrowthebrokenpottery

awayatonce.9.Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime.Thebrokenpottery

atonce.Ourhomework

.

mustbethrownaway(byyou)

hastobefinished(byus)ontime情态动词的被动语态：must/haveto/can等+Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.HeridesthemotorbiketohisWecallthesnowmanMrStrong.ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong.WecallthesnowmanMrStWeusually

hearhimplayinthenextroom.He

isusuallyheardto

playinthenextroom.Weusuallyhearhimplayinth2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词2.TheyboughttencompuHe

boughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday.Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday.Heboughthisfriendsomefru4．Aby

cantakegoodcareof

Tina

．Tina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAby.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词4．AbycantakegoodcareofTHecancarrythebasketeasily.Thebasketcanbe

easilycarriedbyhim.HecancarrythebasketeasilyTheycansingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem.Theycansingsomebeautifuls“Wemustputtheminthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Theymustbeputinthefridge.”Thedogsthought.“Wemustputtheminthefridg3.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词3.TheywillfinishtheworkinTheyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow.Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow.TheyaregoingtohaveanevenSomeworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：

S+am/is/are+being+过去分词主动语态和被动语态课件They

areholding

asportsmeetingnow.Asportsmeeting

isbeingheld

(bythem)now.TheyareholdingasportsmeetWe

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.现在完成时：

S+have/has+been+过去分词WehavemadetwentymorekeWorkers

havebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago.WorkershavebuiltthehousesWe

hadreceived

manylettersbytheendoflastweek.Manyletters

hadbeenreceived

bytheendoflastweek.WehadreceivedmanylettersbThey

wouldhave

apartythenextday.Aparty

wouldbehad

(bythem)thenextday.Theywouldhaveapartythen1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives___________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.areusedarecleaned(变被动语态）七嘴八舌1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttin3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthe

floor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebook

intime.Theticketwasfoundwastold3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.3.Ifoundtheticketonthefl5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.wasmadetohavecanbeused5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveon7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMustbefinished7.Didyouplantmanytrees9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.weweregivenweregiventous9.Theforeignfriendsgaveus10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.wasaskedisdone10.TheteacheraskedTomtotu12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine__________________threetimesaday.canbemendedmustbetaken12.Hecanmendthebikeintwo14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?isstudiedIstalkedbythem14.ThestudentsinthisschoolAnswerrightorwrong

1.必须照看好孩子们。Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare.()Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.()2.这本书是鲁迅写的。ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun.()ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun.()3.昨天那支笔是他给我的。Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday.()Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday.()WRWRWRAnswerrightorwrong

WRWRWR4.这辆自行车能修吗？Canthisbikemended?()Canthisbikebemended?()5.街道已由他们清理了。Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey.()Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem.()WRWR4.这辆自行车能修吗？WRWRTheymade

shoesinthatfactory.Theywillmake

shoesinthatfactory.Theywouldmake

shoesinthatfactory.Theycanmake

shoesinthatfactory.Theyhavemade

shoesinthatfactory.Theyhadmade

shoesinthatfactory.Theyaremaking

shoesinthatfactory.Theyweremaking

shoesinthatfactory.Theymadeshoesinthatfact四．几种值得注意的被动语态变化．１带复合宾语的被动语态结构．（１）makesb.dosth.

sb.bemadetodosth.MrGreen

made

Jim

do

hishomeworkathome.Jim

wasmadetodo

hishomework

byMrGreen

athome.watchlethavehearseenotice四．几种值得注意的被动语态变化．１带复合宾语的被动语态结构．

一些特殊结构的被动结构:（1）感觉动词(hear,see等)改被动语态（2）使役动词(let,make等)改被动语态如动词为make,see,hear,watch等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to”

。如：

Isawhimfalloffthetree.→Hewasseento

falloffthetree.一些特殊结构的被动结构:如动词为make,see,思考2：12．IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning.She

inthemorning.isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs

思考2：12．Iusuallyhearher14.Hemakesherhorseworkallday.Herhorse

allday.15.Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic.I

outforapicnic.ismadetoworkwaslettogo

口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。（hear,let，have,make,see,watch…)14.Hemakesherhorseworkalhelpsb(to)V

behelpedtoV.

Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom.Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom.

主动语态和被动语态课件(2)seesb.doingsth.sb.beseendoingsth.Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment.Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment.hear/watch/….(2)seesb.doingsth.三.带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语,注意间接宾语前加to或for.Mymotherboughtmeanewbike.=Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother.=Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother.JackhasgivenTomabook.=Abookhasbeengivento

TombyJack.=TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack.三.带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是:

1.将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)不变。2.将直接宾语(物)变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.带有双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是:Bob

sent

Kate

aletterlastyear.=Kate

wassent

aletter

byBoblastyear.=Aletter

wassent

toKate

byBoblastyear.tellaskbringwritegivesendshowteachpasslend…toHetoldJimastory.BobsentKatealetterlastyeMummademeanewdress.Iwasmade

anewdressbyMum.Anewdress

wasmade

for

mebyMum.makebuydrawsing…forIboughtmybrotherabook.Mummademeanewdress.Iwas思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：

Wegavehimsomebooks.→He

.→Somebooks

.wasgivensomebooks(byus)

weregiventohim(byus)

思考1：将下列的主动句变为被动语态：Wegave注意:约翰打开了收音机。Johnturnedontheradio.Theradiowasturnedon.奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandmatakescareofmysister.Mysisteristakencareof

byGrandma.注：动词短语变被动语态时,千万不要遗漏介词或副词。Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely.Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely.注意:约翰打开了收音机。Johnturnedonthe必背！动词短语的被动语态takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafter必背！动词短语的被动语态takecareof→beTheysaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.Itwassaid

thathewouldcomebacksoon.类似的还有：

Itisreported/believed/hoped/supposedthat......WereportTheysaidthathewouldcomeb1).不及物动词没有被动语态。如：belong,happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,,breakout,appear,last,start等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.不用被动语态的几种情况：1).不及物动词没有被动语态。如：belong,happ不用被动语态的几种情况：2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．3)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态不用被动语态的几种情况：2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态不用被动语态的几种情况：4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefish

tastes

good.Thescarf

feels

soft.不用被动语态的几种情况：4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态这鱼5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter

4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Thebook

sells

well.Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.这书卖完了。Thebook

issold

out.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：4.某些这块表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmending.=Thewatchneedstobemended.=Weneedtomendthewatch.这块表需要修理一下。Thewatchneedsmen知识运用一、单项选择：1.Onlythirty-eightideas

bythenewspaper.A.chooseB.choseC.waschosenD.werechosen2.Asusual,Meihua

at6:30thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool.（2006）

A.haswokenupB.wokeupC.wakesupD.waswokenupDD知识运用一、单项选择：DD3.Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog.It

whilewewereonholiday.(2005)A.wastakencareB.tookcareofC.istakencareofD.wastakencareof4.AttheendofthemeetingMissGreen

twominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot.(2004)A.gaveB.hadgivenC.wasgivenD.wasgivingDB3.Aneighbourhelpedtokeep5.Mr.Johnson’sstory

byeveryonewhoheardit.(2003)A.laughedatB.waslaughedC.laughedD.waslaughedatD5.Mr.Johnson’sstory二、请把下面句子改为被动语态

1.TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit.→Jack

carefullyhowtouseit.

2.Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.→The29thOlympicGames

in2008.

wasshowedwillbeheldbyBeijing二、请把下面句子改为被动语态

1.Theyshowed3.MissDengteachesusEnglish.→

.→.4.Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3:00yesterday.→Theboy_________________________at3:00yesterday.WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDengwasseen

toplaybasketballEnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng3.MissDengteachesusEnglis5.Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful.→Ourcountry

moreandmorebeautiful.

shouldbemadetobecome5.Weshouldmakeourcountry练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompetition(竞赛）.Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameineighthours.Wetookmanyphotos.Theyusethisroomforplayingtabletennis.Thebankbuiltaparkforthem.Awritingcompetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub.Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplayerineighthours.

Manyphotosweretakenbyus.Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank.Thisroom

isused

forplayingtabletennisbythem.练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。Thecompute中考被动语态考题1.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust__dirtythingintoit.(南京市中考题）

A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing

2.Thisbook__often__fromthelibrary.(北京市中考题）A.aren’ttakeawayB.takenawayC.isn’ttakenawayD.betakenaway3.He_________(tell)toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday.(黄冈市中考题）wastold中考被动语态考题wastold4.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市）变主动语态

______________anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.5.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees_______________bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）6.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.（上海市中考题）Thevegetables_______________onthefarm.TTheysentupwereplanted

aregrown4.Anotherman-madesatellit

一、选择正确答案：

1.Doyouknowwhat_____________?A.itcallsB.doesitcallC.itiscalledD.isitcalled2.Mylostcar________________yesterday. A.willbefoundB.wasfoundC.hasfoundD.found3.Whowasthebook___________?A.writtenbyB.willbewritebyC.hasbeenwrittenwithD.canbewrittenby

4.AnEnglishsong________ontheradioyesterday.A.willteachB.wastaughtC.hastaughtD.canbeteachCBAB一、选择正确答案：1.Doyouknowwh二、用所给词的正确形式填空。

(cover,invent,answer,write,return,call)1.Allthequestions_____________correctly.

2.Morethantwothirdsoftheearth________withwater.3.Ourcity

Beijing.4.Allthemagazines_________________totheschoollibrarylastweek.5.Thisnewmachine_____________byMr.Blacklastyear.6.Allthewords

onthebackofthecard.

iscoveredwerereturnedwasinventedwasanswerediscalledarewritteniscoveredwerereturnedwasi5)Exercises:选择填空:Windows_____ofglass.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA5)Exercises:CCA4.Watches____Shanghailastlong.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhou.A.isproducedB.areproduced

C.producedD.isproduces

AADA4.Watches____Shanghailastl1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002.(开办)2.Theyoungtreesmust_______________well.(照顾)3._____thisbuilding_________(建成)lastyear?4.Thebook____________(写)byhimlastyear.5.Thebridge______________(不建造)in1989..6.The29thOlympicGameswill__________(举行)inBeijingin2008.wasopenedbelookedafterWas

builtwaswrittenwasn’tbuiltbeheld1.Ourschool_____＿＿＿＿in2002用所给动词的正确形式填空：1).Thebike__________(fix)upbyXiaoMingyesterday.2).Sunglasses__________(use)forprotectingpeople’seyes.3).Apicture_________(put)upontheblackboard.4).French___________(speak)inFrance.5).Teenagersshould_________(allow)tochoosetheirownclothes.wasfixedareusedisputisspokenbeallowed用所给动词的正确形式填空：1).Thebike___练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）1.Hewroteanarticlelastweek.Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek.

2.Thepeoplemakehistory.Historyismadebypeople.3.DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina?IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina?4.Theydidn’tvisitthecitytwoyearsago.

Thecitywasn’tvisitedbythemtwoyearsago.5.Wheredidyoumakethem?Whereweretheymadebyyou?练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致）1.

用适当的形式填空

1.Historyis_________bythepeople.(make)2.Heisoften___________todotheworkbytheteacher.(ask)3.Thebook___________byhimlastyear.(write)4.Theradio______________lastweek.(mend)5.Sometrees________________onthehillthisspring.(plant)6.Anewsubway_____________(build)nextyear.7.She______________(take)tothehospitalalready.8.Thousandsofsatellites____________(send)upintothespacesofar.9.Theysaidthey____________(invite)tothepartyalready.10.Thetrains____________(produce)inZhuzhou.11.Youngtreesshould_________(water)often.madeaskedwaswrittenwasmendedhavebeenplantedwillbebuilthasbeentakenhavebeensenthadbeeninvitedareproducedbewatered用适当的形式填空madeaskedwaswrittMultipleChoice:1.()Ifthework________,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2.()Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,thechildrenweremade______intheclassroom.

4.()Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow5.()Ilikemybike.It________verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasriddenDBBA3.()Kate_______theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswritingA.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayedCMultipleChoice:1.(6.()—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessTom______,too.—YoumeanifTomcomes,you’llcome.8.()Thechildrenmust_______.

9.(