2019年性别小数据手册（英文）

FromWorldDevelopmentIndicators

TheLittle

DataBook

onGender

Education

Healthandrelatedservices

Economicstructure,participation,andaccesstoresources

Publiclifeanddecisionmaking

Agency

WORLDBANKGROUP

rHELITHE

DATABOOK

MONGENDER

JWORLDBANKGROUP

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Contents

Acknowledgmentsiv

Forewordv

Datanotesvi

Regionaltables1

World2

EastAsiaandPacific3

EuropeandCentralAsia4

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean5

MiddleEastandNorthAfrica6

NorthAmerica7

SouthAsia8

Sub-SaharanAfrica9

Incomegrouptables10

Lowincome11

Lowermiddleincome12

Uppermiddleincome13

Highincome14

Countrytables(inalphabeticalorder)15

Notes233

Glossary234

TheLittleDataBookonGender2019

AcknnwIMgineiits

TheLittleDataBookonGender2019isacollaborativeeffortbetweenthe

DevelopmentDataGroupoftheDevelopmentEconomicsVicePresidency

andtheGenderGroup.

TheLittleDataBookonGender2019waspreparedbyBalaBhaskarNaidu

Kalimili,HarunaKashiwase,CharlesYaoKouadioKouame,HirokoMaeda,Ana

FlorinaPirlea,EspenBeerPrydz,UmarSerajuddin,EmiSuzuki,DerejeWolde,

andMalarvizhiVeerappanoftheDevelopmentDataGroup,andElianaRubiano

MatulevichoftheGenderGroup.Productionofthebookwascoordinatedby

JomoTariku.TheworkwascarriedoutunderthemanagementofHaishan

FuandCarenGrown.

2019TheLittleDataBookonGender

Foreword

ForewordfromSeniorDirectoroftheGenderGroup,CarenGrown,and

DirectoroftheDevelopmentDataGroup,HaishanFu

AttheWorldBankGroup,werecognizethepivotalrolegenderequalityplays

insustainabledevelopment.Improvinglivingstandards,reducingpoverty,

andbuildingresilienceallrequiredatatofacilitateevidence-basedpolicy

decisions.Makingprogresstowardsgenderequalityisnoexception.

TheLittleDataBookonGender2019illustratestheprogresstowards

genderequalityfor217economiesaroundtheworld.Itprovidescomparable

statisticsforwomenandmenfortheyears2000and2017acrossarange

ofindicatorscoveringeducation,healthandrelatedservices,economic

structure,participationandaccesstoresources,publiclifeanddecision

making,andagency,enablingreaderstoreadilycompareeconomies.This

editionalsofeaturesonlinecountrytables-tobeupdatedquarterly—making

iteasierthanevertoseehowwomenandmenarefaringacrossarangeof

globalindicatorsandtotrackprogressovertime.

Thedatarevealremarkableprogressinrecentdecadestowardsgender

equality,notablyineducationandhealth.Themostrecentdatashowglobal

primaryschoolcompletionratesat91percentforboysand90percentfor

girls,withlowersecondarycompletionratesat76percentforboysand77

percentforgirls.Gains,however,havebeendistributedunequallybetween

richerandpoorercountries.Gendergapstothedetrimentofgirlsemerge

inlow-incomecountries,mostlyinSub-SaharanAfrica,whileinsomeLatin

Americancountries,boysarelesslikelythangirlstocompleteprimaryand

secondaryschool.

Bothwomen'sandmen'slifespanshaveshownmarkedglobalimprovements:

forwomen,theincreasewasfrom70yearsin2000to74in2017,compared

toanincreasefrom66to70yearsformen.Ineverycountryintheworld,

womenoutlivemen.Increasesinfemalelifeexpectancyhavebeendrivenin

partbyadeclineintheriskofmortalityduringchildbirth.Globally,therewere

anestimated303,000maternaldeathsin2015,adeclineof31percent

from2000.Nonetheless,maternalmortalityremainshighinSub-Saharan

Africa,wheretheratestoodat547per100,000livebirthsin2015.

Notwithstandingrelativelylargegainsineducationandhealth,gender

inequalityinaccesstoeconomicopportunitieshasremainedstubbornly

persistent.Onvirtuallyeveryglobalmeasure,womenaremoreeconomically

excludedthanmen.Womenaremorelikelythanmentobeengagedinlow

productivityactivities,workmoreininformalemployment,andtransition

morefrequentlybetweenbeinginemploymentandoutofthelaborforce.

Globally,women'slaborforceparticipationhasnotincreased.Infact,it

decreasedfrom51percentin2000to48percentin2018.Intermsof

accesstofinance,accountownershipoverallcontinuestoexpandbutgender

inequalitiespersist.While71percentofmenhaveanaccountatafinancial

institution,64percentofwomendo.Thisgapof7percentagepointswas

alsopresentin2014and2011.Inlowandmiddleincomeeconomies,the

gendergapremainsat8percentagepoints.

Thesedataillustratesignificantstoriesofprogressandchallengesstillto

solve.YetTheLittleDataBookonGenderisonlyanentrypointtotherich

setofstatisticsthattrackgenderequality.Therefore,weencouragereaders

toexplorethefuller,curateddataandanalysistoolsontheWorldBank's

GenderDataPortalat/gender.

TheLittleDataBookonGender2019

Datanotes

Thedatainthisbookarefor2000and2017orthemostrecentyearunless

otherwisenotedinthetableortheglossary.

•Growthratesareproportionalchangesfromthepreviousyearunless

otherwisenoted.

•Figuresinitalicsindicatedataforyearsorperiodsotherthanthose

specified.

Symbolsused:

..indicatesthatdataarenotavailableorthataggregatescannot

becalculatedbecauseofmissingdata.

0or0.0indicateszeroorsmallenoughthatthenumberwouldround

tozeroatthedisplayednumberofdecimalplaces.

$indicatescurrentU.S.dollars.

Letterednotesonsomecountrytablescanbefoundinthenotesonpage233.

Dataareshownforeconomieswithpopulationsgreaterthan30,000orfor

smallereconomiesiftheyaremembersoftheWorldBank.Thetermcountry

(usedinterchangeablywitheconomy)doesnotimplypoliticalindependence

orofficialrecognitionbytheWorldBankbutreferstoanyeconomyforwhich

theauthoritiesreportseparatesocialoreconomicstatistics.

ThecutoffdatefordataisApril22,2019.

vi2019TheLittleDataBookonGender

Regiunaltables

ThecountrycompositionofregionsisbasedontheWorldBank'sanalytical

regionsforFY19andmaydifferfromcommongeographicusage.

EastAsiaandPacific

AmericanSamoa,Australia,BruneiDarussalam,Cambodia,China,Fiji,

FrenchPolynesia,Guam,HongKongSAR,China,Indonesia,Japan.

Kiribati,DemocraticPeople'sRepublicofKorea,RepublicofKorea,Lao

People'sDemocraticRepublic,MacaoSAR,China,Malaysia,Marshall

Islands,FederatedStatesofMicronesia,Mongolia,Myanmar,Nauru,

NewCaledonia,NewZealand,NorthernMarianaIslands,Palau,Papua

NewGuinea,Philippines,Samoa,Singapore,SolomonIslands,Thailand,

Timor-Leste,Tonga,Tuvalu,Vanuatu,Vietnam

EuropeandCentralAsia

Albania,Andorra,Armenia,Austria,Azerbaijan,Belarus,Belgium,

BosniaandHerzegovina,Bulgaria,ChannelIslands,Croatia,Cyprus,

CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,FaroeIslands.Finland,France,

Georgia,Germany,Gibraltar,Greece,Greenland,Hungary,Iceland,

Ireland,IsleofMan,Italy,Kazakhstan,Kosovo,KyrgyzRepublic,Latvia,

Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Moldova,Monaco,Montenegro,

Netherlands,NorthMacedonia,Norway,Poland,Portugal.Romania,

RussianFederation,SanMarino,Serbia,SlovakRepublic,Slovenia,

Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Tajikistan,Turkey,Turkmenistan,Ukraine,

UnitedKingdom,Uzbekistan

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

AntiguaandBarbuda,Argentina,Aruba,TheBahamas,Barbados,Belize,

Bolivia,Brazil,BritishVirginIslands.CaymanIslands,Chile,Colombia,

CostaRica,Cuba,Curapao,Dominica,DominicanRepublic,Ecuador,

ElSalvador,Grenada,Guatemala,Guyana,Haiti,Honduras,Jamaica,

Mexico,Nicaragua,Panama,Paraguay,Peru,PuertoRico,SintMarrten

(Dutchpart),StKittsandNevis,StLucia,StMartin(Frenchpart),St

VincentandtheGrenadines,Suriname,TrinidadandTobago,Turksand

CaicosIslands,Uruguay,RepublicaBolivarianadeVenezuela,Virgin

Islands(U.S.)

MiddleEastandNorthAfrica

Algeria,Bahrain,Djibouti,ArabRepublicofEgypt,IslamicRepublicof

Iran,Iraq,Israel,Jordan.Kuwait,Lebanon,Libya,Malta,Morocco,Oman.

Qatar,SaudiArabia,SyrianArabRepublic,Tunisia,UnitedArabEmirates,

WestBankandGaza,RepublicofYemen

NorthAmerica

Bermuda,Canada,UnitedStates

SouthAsia

Afghanistan,Bangladesh,Bhutan,India,Maldives,Nepal,Pakistan,Sri

Lanka

Sub-SaharanAfrica

Angola,Benin,Botswana,BurkinaFaso,Burundi,CaboVerde,Cameroon.

CentralAfricanRepublic,Chad,Comoros,DemocraticRepublicofCongo,

RepublicofCongo,Coted'Ivoire,EquatorialGuinea,Eritrea,Eswatini,

Ethiopia,Gabon,TheGambia,Ghana,Guinea,Guinea-Bissau,Kenya,

Lesotho,Liberia,Madagascar,Malawi,Mali,Mauritania,Mauritius.

Mozambique,Namibia,Niger,Nigeria,Rwanda,S3oTomeandPrfncipe,

Senegal,Seychelles,SierraLeone,Somalia,SouthAfrica,SouthSudan,

Sudan,Tanzania,Togo,Uganda,Zambia,Zimbabwe

TheLittleDataBookonGender20191

World

Population(millions)7,529.7

GNI,Atlas($billions)78,399.7

GNIpercapita,Atlas($)10,412.0

Populationlivingbelow$1.90aday(%)9.9

20002017

FemaleMaleFemaleMale

Education

Netprimaryenrollmentrate(%)81868890

Netsecondaryenrollmentrate(%)53576666

Grosstertiaryenrollmentratio(%ofrelevantagegroup)19194036

Primarycompletionrate(%ofrelevantagegroup)79859091

Progressiontosecondaryschool(%)87889191

Lowersecondarycompletionrate(%ofrelevantagegroup)61667776

Grosstertiarygraduationratio(%)....

FemaleshareofgraduatesfromSTEM(%,tertiary)

Youthliteracyrate(%ofpopulationages15-24)83909093

Healthandrelatedservices

Sexratioatbirth(malebirthsperfemalebirths)1.081.07

Under-fivemortalityrate(per1,000livebirths)75793741

Lifeexpectancyatbirth(years)70667470

Contraceptiveuse,modernmethods(%ofwomenages15-49)5549

Pregnantwomenreceivingprenatalcare(%)6986

Birthsattendedbyskilledhealthstaff(%oftotal)6380

Maternalmortalityratio(per100,000livebirths)341216

Women'sshareofpopulationages15+livingwithHIV(%)5052

PrevalenceofHIV(%ages15-24)0.60.30.40.2

Prevalenceofsmoking(%ofadults)1144635

Economicstructure,participation,andaccesstoresources

Laborforceparticipationrate(%ofpopulationages15+)517848a

Laborforceparticipationrate(%ofages15-24)436134a

Wageandsalariedworkers(%ofemployedages15+)454653a

Vulnerableemployment(%ofemployment)545046a

Employmentinagriculture(%ofemployedages15+)404028a

Employmentinindustry(%ofemployedages15+)182317a

Employmentinservice(%ofemployedages15+)433655a

Women'sshareofpart-timeemployment(%oftotal)■,

Maternityleave(dayspaid)

Womenareabletoworkinthesameindustriesasmen

Employmenttopopulationratio(%ages15+)487445a71a

Employmenttopopulationratio(%ages15-24)385529a44a

Firmswithfemaleparticipationinownership(%)35

Firmswithafemaletopmanager(%)19

Childreninemployment(%ofchildrenages7-14)......

Unemploymentrate(%oflaborforceages15+)655a5a

Unemploymentrate(%oflaborforceages15-24)131215a12a

Internetusers(%)......

Accountatafinancialinstitution(%age15+)..6471

Mobileaccount(%age15+)..3.45.5

Savedanymoneylastyear(%age15+)4552

Publiclifeanddecisionmaking

Seatsheldbywomeninnationalparliament(%)1424a

Femaleshareofemploymentinsenior&middlemgmt(%oftotal)..

Proportionofwomeninministeriallevelpositions(%)18

Agency

Totalfertilityrate(birthsperwoman)2.72.4

Adolescentfertilityrate(birthsper1,000womenages15-19)5644

Womenfirstmarriedbyage18(%ofwomenages20-24)

212019TheLittleDataBookonGender

EastAsia&Pacific

Population(millions)2,314.4

GNI,Atlas($billions)23,534.2

GNIpercapita,Atlas($)10,168.7

Populationlivingbelow$1.90aday(%)2.3

20002017

FemaleMaleFemaleMale

Education

Netprimaryenrollmentrate(%)94959596

Netsecondaryenrollmentrate(%)63678178

Grosstertiaryenrollmentratio(%ofrelevantagegroup)14175043

Primarycompletionrate(%ofrelevantagegroup)92939797

Progressiontosecondaryschool(%)87889697

Lowersecondarycompletionrate(%ofrelevantagegroup)74789188

Grosstertiarygraduationratio(%)....

FemaleshareofgraduatesfromSTEM(%,tertiary)..

Youthliteracyrate(%ofpopulationages15-24)98989999

Healthandrelatedservices

Sexratioatbirth(malebirthsperfemalebirths)1.111.11

Under-fivemortalityrate(per1,000livebirths)37431417

Lifeexpectancyatbirth(years)74707874

Contraceptiveuse,modernmethods(%ofwomenages15-49)74

Pregnantwomenreceivingprenatalcare(%)8695

Birthsattendedbyskilledhealthstaff(%oftotal)8595

Maternalmortalityratio(per100,000livebirths)11359

Women'sshareofpopulationages15+livingwithHIV(%)..

PrevalenceofHIV(%ages15-24)..

Prevalenceofsmoking(%ofadults)556349

Economicstructure,participation,andaccesstoresources

Laborforceparticipationrate(%ofpopulationages15+)658259a76a

Laborforceparticipationrate(%ofages15-24)606543a50a

Wageandsalariedworkers(%ofemployedages15+)384553a57a

Vulnerableemployment(%ofemployment)615145a39a

Employmentinagriculture(%ofemployedages15+)444724a28a

Employmentinindustry(%ofemployedages15+)232324a28a

Employmentinservice(%ofemployedages15+)333052a44a

Women'sshareofpart-timeemployment(%oftotal)..

Maternityleave(dayspaid)..

Womenareabletoworkinthesameindustriesasmen..

Employmenttopopulationratio(%ages15+)637957a73a

Employmenttopopulationratio(%ages15-24)565939a45a

Firmswithfemaleparticipationinownership(%)..47

Firmswithafemaletopmanager(%)..33

Childreninemployment(%ofchildrenages7-14)..

Unemploymentrate(%oflaborforceages15+)343a4a

Unemploymentrate(%oflaborforceages15-24)89IO3IP

Internetusers(%)....

Accountatafinancialinstitution(%age15+)..7176

Mobileaccount(%age15+)..

Savedanymoneylastyear(%age15+)5359

Publiclifeanddecisionmaking

Seatsheldbywomeninnationalparliament(%)1620a

Femaleshareofemploymentinsenior&middlemgmt.(%oftotal)..

Proportionofwomeninministeriallevelpositions(%)••13

Agency

Totalfertilityrate(birthsperwoman)1.81.8

Adolescentfertilityrate(birthsper1,000womenages15-19)2021

Womenfirstmarriedbyage18(%ofwomenages20-24),,,,

TheLittleDataBookonGender20193

Europe&CentralAsia

Population(millions)915.5

GNI,Atlas($billions)20,788.2

GNIpercapita,Atlas($)22,707.3

Populationlivingbelow$1.90aday(%)1.5

20002017

_FemaleMaleFemaleMale

Education94

Netprimaryenrollmentrate(%)8495

Netsecondaryenrollmentrate(%)85

4842

Grosstertiaryenrollmentratio(%ofrelevantagegroup)9596

Primarycompletionrate(%ofrelevantagegroup)9697

86

Progressiontosecondaryschool(%)87“

Lowersecondarycompletionrate(%ofrelevantagegroup)

Grosstertiarygraduationratio(%)”

FemaleshareofgraduatesfromSTEM(%,tertiary)一

Youthliteracyrate(%ofpopulationages15-24)99

Healthandrelatedservices

Sexratioatbirth(malebirthsperfemalebirths)1.061.06

Under-fivemortalityrate(per1,000livebirths)2024810

Lifeexpectancyatbirth(years)77698174

Contraceptiveuse,modernmethods(%ofwomenages15-49)58

Pregnantwomenreceivingprenatalcare(%)

Birthsattendedbyskilledhealthstaff(%oftotal)9599

Maternal