2015年英语考研历年真题和答案

2013年考研英语（一）真题4

SectionIUseofEnglish4

SectionIIReadingComprehension5

PartA5

PartB9

PartC1.0

SectionIIIWriting11

PartA11

PartBIl

2013考研英语（一）答案12

SectionIUseofEnglish12

SectionIIReadingComprehension15

SectionIIIWriting22

2012年考研英语（一）试题24

SectionIUseofEnglish24

SectionIIReadingComprehension25

PartA25

PartB31

PartC32

SectionIIIWriting33

PartA33

PartB34

2012考研英语（一）答案35

Section135

SectionIIReadingComprehension39

假51

2011考研英语（一）试题54

SectionIUseofEnglish54

Section11ReadingComprehension55

PartA55

PartB60

PartC6.1

SectionHIWriting62

PartA62

PartB62

2011考研英语（一）答案64

SectionIUseofEnglish64

SectionIIReadingComprehension66

SectionIIIWriting72

2010年考研英语（一）试题75

SectionIUseofEnglish75

SectionIIReadingComprehension76

PartA76

PartB81

PartC82

SectionIIIWriting82

PartA82

PartB82

2009年考研英语（一）试题84

SectionIUseofEnglish84

Section11Readingcomprehension85

PartA85

PartB9.0

PartC90

SectionIIIWriting91

PartA91

PartB91

2009年考研英语（一）答案93

SectionI:UseofEnglish（10points）93

SectionII:ReadingComprehension（60points）93

SectionIII:Writing（30points）93

2008年考研英语（一）试题95

SectionIUseofEnglish95

PartA96

PartAJ02

2008年考研英语（—）答案|04

SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)104

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)104

SectionIII:Writing(30points)104

2007年考研英语（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish105

SectionIIReadingComprehension108

PartC]]5

PartA"]|5

2007年考研英语（一）答案117

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)117

SectionIII:Writing(30points)117

2006

Part]22

PartC129

PartA129

2006年考研英语(—)答案131

SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)131

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)131

2005

SectionIIReadingComprehension136

PartA]36

PartA144

PartB144

2005年考研英语真题答案145

SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)145

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)145

SectionIII:Writing(30points)145

2004

SectionIIIReadingComprehension150

PartR

2004年考研英语（—）答案158

SectionI:ListeningComprehension(20points)158

SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)158

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)158

SectionIV:Writing(20points)159

2003年考研英语（一）试题

2

SectionIIUseofEnglish160

SectionHIReadingComprehension163

PartA163

PartB168

SectionIVWriting169

2003年考研英语（一）答案171

Section1:ListeningComprehension(20points)171

SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)171

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)171

SectionIV:Writing(20points)172

2002年考研英语(一)试题173

SectionIListeningComprehension173

PartA173

PartB174

PartC174

SectionIIUseofEnglish176

SectionIIIReadingComprehension180

PartA180

PartB186

SectionIVWriting186

2002年考研英语(一)答案188

SectionI:ListeningComprehension(20points)188

SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)188

SectionHI:ReadingComprehension(50points)188

SectionIV:Writing(20points)189

2001年考研英语(一)试题190

SectionIStructureandVocabulary190

PartA190

PartB192

SectionIIClozeTest196

SectionIIIReadingComprehension199

SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation206

SectionVWriting206

2001年考研英语（一）答案208

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)208

SectionII:ClozeText(10points)208

Section111:ReadingComprehension(40points)208

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)208

SectionV:Writing(20points)208

2000年考研英语（一）试题210

SectionIStructureandVocabulary210

PartA210

PartB212

PartC213

SectionIIClozeTest217

SectionIIIReadingComprehension219

SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation225

SectionVWriting225

2000年考研英语（一）答案227

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(20points)227

Section111:ReadingComprehension(40points)227

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)227

SectionV:Writing(15points)227

2013年考研英语（一）真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirst

glancethismightseemlikeastrengththat___1___theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby___2_

factors.ButDrSimontonspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig___3___wasleadingdecision-makerstobe

biasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.___4___,hetheorizedthatajudge___5___of

appearingtoosoft___6___crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison___7___hehadalreadysentenced

fiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

To___8___thisidea,theyturnedtheirattentiontotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the___9___ofan

applicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers___10___randomlyfbrinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonton

suspectedthetruthwas___11___.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews___12___by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad

_13___applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale___14___numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescores

were___15___usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGMAT,astandardizedexamwhichis

_16___outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

DrSimontonfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormore

higherthanthatoftheone___17___that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould___18___byanaverageof0.075

points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto___19___theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMAT

pointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen___20___.

1.AgrantsBsubmitsCtransmitsDdelivers

2.AminorBexternalCcrucialDobjective

3.AissueBvisionCpictureDmoment

4.AAboveallBOnaverageCInprincipleDForexample

5.AfondBfearfulCcapableDthoughtless

6.AinBfbrCtoDon

7.AifBuntilCthoughDunless

8.A.testB.emphasizeC.shareD.promote

9.A.decisionB.qualityC.statusD.success

10.A.foundB.studiedC.chosenD.identified

11.A.otherwiseB.defensibleC.replaceableD.exceptional

12.A.inspiredB.expressedC.conductedD.secured

13.A.assignedB.ratedC.matchedD.arranged

14.A.putB.gotC.tookD.gave

15.A.insteadB.thenC.everD.rather

16.A.selectedB.passedC.markedD.introduced

17.AbelowBafterCaboveDbefore

18.AjumpBfloatCfluctuateDdrop

19.AachieveBundoCmaintainDdisregard

20.AnecessaryBpossibleCpromisingDhelpful

4

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Mark

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsher

unattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecolorofthe

assistant'ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhich

thepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn'tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverish

woulddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline'sthree-yearindictmentof"fastfashion^.Inthelastdecadeorso,

advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmore

quicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,

andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlya

washortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethat-andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trend

itemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylong

accustomedtoaseasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtin

allits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnatural

resources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan's.The

Omnivore'sDilemma."Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableand

wasteful,Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear-about64itemsperperson一

andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,

whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes-andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumont

decadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan'tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment-

includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline-Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythe

customer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisa

constant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan'taffordnotto.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskill.

[B]insensitivitytofashion.

[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

[D]lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto

[A]combatunnecessarywaste.

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]accusation.

[B]enthusiasm.

[C]indifference.

[D]tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

[B]Thefast-foshionindustryignoressustainability.

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Inthe

internetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsay

online,companiescanaim“behavioral“adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicit

permission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack"(DNT)optionto

internetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft^Internet

ExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCand

DigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,

wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,

althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.Unabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsor

whethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft'sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomply

withDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyon

defaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhas

comparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavorablywithGoogle*sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,M

Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:Mwebelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol/1Coulditreallybe

thatsimple?

26.ItissuggestedinparagraphIthat“behavioral”adshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27."Theindustry"(Line6,Para.3)refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

6

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehavioralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]indulgence

[B]understanding

[C]appreciation

[D]skepticism

Text3

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowingly

positive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityfor

all.

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,

fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhas

littlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-

sowhyshouldn*twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehavean

excellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList”

ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:nListedas

LeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreats

resultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinking

seriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatis

designedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.

Thepotentialevolutionoftoda/stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhaps

bestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereason

whywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,

thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-temipatternsshapingthehistoryofthe

planet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfind

themselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobe

sure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedthe

existenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.

31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

[A]ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment

[B]ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

[D]ourbeliefinequalopportunity

32.TheIUCN's“RedLisf,suggestthathumanbeingare

[A]asustainedspecies

[B]athreatentotheenvironment

[C]theworld'sdominantpower

[D]amisplacedrace

33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

[C]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

[A]exploreourplanet'sabundantresources

[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast

[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefbrthetext?

[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity

Text4

Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigrationlawMonday-amodest

policyvictoryfbrtheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan

8-0defeatfbrthefederalgovernmentandthestates.

InArizona,UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona'scontroversial

plantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationslaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashington

alonehasthepowerto"establishauniformRuleofnaturalization"andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsare

noncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepolicethatrantotheexistingfederalones.

JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt'sliberals,ruledthatthestateflew

tooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately"occupiedthe

field"andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederafsprivilegedpowers

However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomein

contactwithlawenforcement.That'sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigration

enforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.

TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbut

disagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJustice

AntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseo