新编大学英语第八单元

Unit8Book3Students’HandoutApr.2011Unit8Book3Part1In-classReadingI.WordsandExpressionsNote:Studythefollowingwordsandphrasescarefullyandgetreadyfordictation.heredity(n.)(Line1,Para1)1.Somediseasesdevelopbecauseoftheconditionsonelivesin;othersarepresentbyheredity.2.Somechildrenseemtobegentlebyheredity.比较heritage,heredity和inheritanceFairplayispartofourheritage.（使用最广泛，不仅指一般的遗产，也指世代相传的具有特色的精神财富或物质财富。）Theestatehereceivedbyinheritancefromhisauntwasdonatedtothelocalorphanage.（指继承这一行为，不指继承的东西。为抽象名词。）Thecolourofourskinisduetoheredity.（特指生物遗传）identical(adj.)(Line8,Para.2)1.Noleavesareidentical(相同的2.Yourvoiceisidenticaltoyourbrothers.3.Thisistheidentical(同一的)hotelthatwestayedinlastyear.).4.Botheventshappenedontheidenticalday.resemblance(n.)(Line16,Para.3)1.ThereisastrongresemblancebetweentheauthenticworkofXuBeihongandthecounterfeit.resemble(v.))lookorbelike.Theidenticaltwinsresembleeachotherinappearancebutnotincharacter.substantially(Line27,Para.4)1.Thoughyoung,hehassubstantiallycontributedtotheproject.substantial(adj.)Tostudyabroadindicatestomakesubstantialchangesinlife.substance(n.)Waterisasubstancevitaltolife.Thesubstanceoftheirdiscussionishowoftenandhowlongastudentcansurfonline.illustrate(v.)(Line32,Para.4)1.Heillustratedhispointbyrelatinghisownexperience.2.Ifyouillustratethischildrenbook,itwillsellmuchbetter.大外部第二教研室修改稿1Unit8Book3Students’HandoutApr.2011比较:Ourstaffmembersarealwaysreadytodemonstratehowthiscomputerworks.(意为“示范；说明”。通常通过动作示范来说明。)Thedataillustratedthatthiscomputerworkedwell.(通过给出实例、图表等来说明。)resume(v.)(Line51,Para.6)1.Heresumedhisspiritsandthrewhimselfintothenewworksoonafterthefailure.2.Trafficisexpectedtoberesumedbeforetherushhour.3.Kindlyresumeyourseats,ladiesandgentlemen.distinguish(v.)(Line57,Para.7)1.Heiseasilydistinguishedbyhisuniform.2.HedistinguishedhimselfinthecommercialnegotiationwithAmerica.3.Everysooften,peoplecannotcarefullydistinguishbetweenfactsandrumors.4.CanyoudistinguishaBUICKLESABREfromothercars?exhibit(v.)(Line67,Para.9)1.Thoughnotrich,heexhibitedgreatconcernforthosehomelesschildrenandmakewhateverefforttohelpthem.2.Manufacturesareexhibitingtheirnewmodelcars.3.HewillexhibithispaintingsbeforethepublicinNewYork.PhrasesandExpressionsbeliabletodosomethingbelikelytodosomething可能做某事e.g.I)Thehandleisliabletobreak.II)Theyareliabletorunawayifyouspeaktothem.beresponsiblefor1)bethecauseof作为„„的原因e.g.I)Thestormwasresponsibleformostofthedamage.II)Thechemicalisdirectlyresponsibleforthosedeaths.2)havingadutytobeinchargeofortolookaftersomeoneorsomething对„„需负责任的e.g.I)Theairlineislegallyresponsibleforthesafetyofitspassengers.II)Themanagerisresponsibleforthegeneralrunningofthetheatre.bringup1)educateandcareforachilduntilhe/sheisgrownup抚养；养育e.g.I)Helefthertobringupthreeyoungchildrenonherown.II)We’dbeenbroughtuptothinkthatborrowingmoneywasbad.大外部第二教研室修改稿2Unit8Book3Students’HandoutApr.20112)mentionasubjectorstarttotalkaboutit提出e.g.I)Whydidyouhavetobringupthesubjectofmoney?II)Hebroughtupasubjectrarelyraisedduringthecourseofthiscampaign.cometoanendfinish,end结束e.g.I)Themeetingcametoanendatlast.II)Atlastitseemedthewarmightbecomingtoanend.makethemostofgetthemostadvantageofasituation充分利用e.g.I)Youshouldbeoutsidemakingthemostofthesunshine.II)Charmingandfriendly,shewillhelpyoumakethemostofyourvisit.nomore…than不比„„更„„e.g.I)HewasnomoreluckyinhousehuntingthanIwas.II)YouarenomorecapableofspeakingChinesethanIam.你说汉语的能力并不比我强（意为两人都说得不太好）。onthewholeconsideringeverything总的来说e.g.I)Onthewholetheygotonverywellwithhim.II)Onthewhole,peoplemisstheopportunitytoenjoyleisure.otherthanapartfromaparticularpersonorthing除了e.g.I)SheneverdiscusseditwithanyoneotherthanDerek.II)Hedoesn’teatpork,butotherthanthathe’lleatjustaboutanything.respondtodosomethinginreply,react响应，作出反应e.g.I)Thegovernmenthasrespondedtopressurebymovingtowardsreform.II)Themeetingwillgiveadministratorsachancetorespondtothecommunity’squestionsandconcerns.II.ParagraphstobeMemorizedNote:Readaloudandlearntheseparagraphsbyheart.Theseparagraphswillbetestedinthemid-examandfinaltest.1Heredityorenvironment:whichisstronger?Thepotentialswhichapersonisbornwithdetermineinsomewaywhathewilldoinlife.Thereforeheredityisfate,akindofpredestination.However,genesdonotworkinavacuum;assoonaswebeginconsideringtherolethattheyplayinthedevelopmentoftheindividual,weseethattherecanbenodevelopmentwithouttheinteractingenvironment.Nocharacteristiciscausedexclusivelybyeitherenvironmentorgenes.9Consideringthenatureoftheirenvironmentalexperiences,thedifferencesinHelenandGladysarenotsurprising.Sincepsychologicaltraitsdependsomuchuponexperience,itistobeexpectedthattheywillreflectit.Ontheotherhand,traitsthatarenotliabletobeinfluencedbytheenvironmentare大外部第二教研室修改稿3Unit8Book3Students’HandoutApr.2011morelikelytoexhibitahighdegreeofsimilarityinidenticaltwins.Importantastheyare3,genesaloneareneverabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.Whatwecandoissetbythegenes,butwhatweactuallydoislargelydeterminedbytheenvironment.III.TopicsforFurtherThinkingorDiscussion1.Manyidenticaltwinsaremuchalikeinbothappearanceandbehavior,evenwhenraisedapart.Doesitsuggestthatthegenesplayamoreimportantroleinone’sdevelopment?2.Inyouropinion,whichplaysmoreimportantroleinthedevelopmentofidenticaltwins,genesorenvironment?IV.AdditionalExercise–FastReadingDirections:Afterreadingthefollowingpassage,youwillfind5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachquestionorstatementthereare4choicesmarkedA),B),C)orD).Youshouldthinkcarefullyandmakethecorrectchoice.Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’theardoftheUniversityofPhoenix.Itgrantsdegreesentirelyonthebasisofonlineinstruction.Itenrolls90,000students,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructorspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.Clearly,fromtheschools’perspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinseversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoretheschoolssavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots.And,whilethere’sevidencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,theywon’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.1.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.大外部第二教研室修改稿4Unit8Book3Students’HandoutApr.2011B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.C)Itboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampus.D)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.2.Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby_________.A)aconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirementsB)thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgroundsC)aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionD)thecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors3.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan________.A)earntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffortB)saveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpenseC)selectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesD)workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever4.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.5.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof________.A)buildinguptheirreputationB)cuttingdownontheirexpensesC)upgradingtheirteachingfacilitiesD)providingconvenienceforstudents■【答案及精解】附后PartIIAfter-classReadingStudentsareencouragedtolearnthispartasmuchaspossible:★mainideas&implicationsofthereadingmaterials★newwords&expressions★usefulsentences&grammaticalpointsNote:Qui