Iron and the Effects of Exercise铁与运动效果

IronandtheEffectsofExerciseUnit21. asportsmedicineexpert2. anenduranceathlete3. irondeficiency/ironloss4. leadto5.startaprogramofmoderateexercise6. associateprofessor7. ironsupplements1. 运动医学专家2. 耐力运动员3. 缺铁4. 导致5. 开始适度的锻炼6. 副教授7. 铁离子补充剂I.WordsandExpressions8. bouncebackingeneral10. oneinfourfemaleteenagers11. upto12. takein13. womenofchild-bearingage14. beatgreatestrisk8. 恢复;振作起来9. 大体上；通常10.四分之一的女孩子们11.多达；高达12.吸收13.育龄女性14.危险最大WordsandExpressions15. health-consciouswomen16. inaneffortto(dosth.)17. iron-richfood18. beliableto19. tipsb.overtheedge20. resultin21. avarietyof15.保健意识强的女性16.为了…17.含铁丰富的食品18.易于，有…倾向19.使某人受不了；使某人

难过得不得了20.导致…21.各种各样的；多种多样的WordsandExpressions22. beassociatedwith23. digestivesystem24. high-impactsports25. bloodvessel26. ironreserve27. moleculesofbloodprotein28. outofbreath22.与…有联系;与…有关23.消化系统24.高强度剧烈运动25.血管26.铁离子储量27.血蛋白分子28.气喘吁吁WordsandExpressions29. belikelyto30. undotheproblem31. throwup32. deriveironfromthepan33. goup29.可能30.解决问题31.呕吐32.从铁锅中吸收铁离子33.上升；上涨WordsandExpressions34. interferewith35. sumup36. warningsigns37. remedythedeficiency34.妨碍；干扰35.总结，归纳；概括36.警告信号37.弥补不足WordsandExpressionsTextStudy—UnderstandingThetextlooksintothequestionofironandhowexercisecanaffectitslevelsinthehumanbody.Withthehelpofthegivenhintsandaccordingtothetext,useyourownwordstoelaboratetherelevantpoints.II.GeneralUnderstandingTheofirondeficiencyinwomen.stagesofirondeficiencyandhowtodealwiththisproblem.

Exercise,evenmoderateexercise,mayleadto

inthebloodofwomen.Para.1-3Para.4-6Para.7-12reducedironcausesThreeStructurePartI(Para1-3)Exercise,evenmoderateexercise,mayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.RoseanneM.Lyle’sstudyshows:start;exerciseironlossinactive+

bouncebackPartII(Para4-6)Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomen.teenagerswomenaged18to45activewomenwomenofchildbearingage1/41/580%atgreatestrisk

Effect(Para4):health-consciouswomenredmeatirondeficiencyPartII(Para.4-6)Cause1(Para.5)Cause2(Para.6)takein;only2/3oftherecommendeddailyallowanceironloss……TextStudy—UnderstandingPartIII(Para.7-12)3stagesofirondeficiency(Para.7-8)Stage1symptomsStage2Stage3+

PartIII(Para.7-12)Checkirondeficiency(Para.9)checkingthebloodproteinadifferentcompoundSuggestedwaystocorrectirondeficiency(Para.10)+

iron-richfoodsBestsourcesofirons?TextStudy—UnderstandingPartIII(Para7-12)Suggestedwaystocorrectirondeficiency(Para11)+

YesNoYesNoor

StructureAnalysisTextStudy—StructureAnalysisPartI(Para.1-3)Centraltopic+SupportingdetailsPartII(Para.4-6)PartIII(Para.7-12)1Effect+2CausesProblems+SolutionsPartI(Para.1-3)CentralTopic:Supportingdetails:Exercise,evenmoderateexercise,mayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.Anewstudyiscitedtosupportthetopic.TextStudy—StructureAnalysisPartII(Para.4-6)

Effect(Para.4):Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomen.Cause1(Para.5)Cause2(Para.6)TextStudy—StructureAnalysisTextStudy—StructureAnalysisPartIII(Para.7-12)3stagesofirondeficiency(Para.7-8)Checkirondeficiency(Para.9)Suggestedwaystocorrectirondeficiency(Para.10-12)Itisnotinfrequentforthebodiesofenduranceathletestobedeficientiniron.Inparticular,femaleathletesoftenhavethisproblem.Even_________exercisecancausetheproblem.Astudyindicatedthatformerly______womenshoweda_______inironlevels.Irondeficiency_____manywomen,includingexercisingwomen,health-_________women,etc.moderateinactivedecreaseaffectsconsciousⅢ.SummaryThereare___stagesofirondeficiency.However,mostpeoplewithlowiron________don’tknowtheyhaveadeficiency.Soit’sadvisableforpeopletohavea_____bloodtest.Inaddition,peoplearesuggestedto______theirdietortake____________suchasaddingmore_______

foods.3reservesyearlymodifysupplementsiron-richIV.SummaryPara.1

Sportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,frequentlyhaveirondeficiencies.NowanewstudybyateamofPurdueUniversityresearcherssuggeststhatevenmoderateexercisemayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.

IronandtheEffectsofExercisePara.2“Wefoundthatwomenwhowerenormallyinactiveandthenstartedaprogramofmoderateexerciseshowedevidenceofironloss,”saysRoseanneM.Lyle,associateprofessoratPurdue.Herstudyof62formerlyinactivewomenwhobeganexercisingthreetimesaweekforsixmonthswaspublishedinthejournalMedicine&ScienceinSports&Exercise.Para.3“Womenwhoconsumedadditionalmeatortookironsupplementswereabletobounceback,”shenotes.“Butthenewexerciserswhofollowedtheirnormaldietshowedadecreaseinironlevels.”Para.4aIrondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,affectingoneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.Buttheratioisevengreateramongactivewomen,affectingupto80percentoffemaleenduranceathletes.Thismeans,Lylesays,that“toomanywomenignoretheamountofirontheytakein”.Para.4bWomenofchildbearingageareatgreatestrisk,sincetheirmonthlybleedingisamajorsourceofironloss.Plus,manyhealth-consciouswomenincreasetheirriskbyrejectingredmeat,whichcontainsthemosteasilyabsorbedformofiron.Andbecausewomenoftenrestricttheirdietinanefforttocontrolweight,theymaynotconsumeenoughiron-richfood,andareliabletoexperienceadeficiency.Para.5“Theaveragewomantakesinonlytwothirdsoftherecommendeddailyallowanceofiron,”notesanotherexpert.“Forawomanwhoalreadyhasapoorironstatus,anyadditionalironlossfromexercisemaybeenoughtotipherovertheedgeintoamoreseriousdeficiency,”

notestheexpert.Para.6

Exercisecanresultinironlossthroughavarietyofmechanisms.Someironislostinsweat,and,forunknownreasons,intenseenduranceexerciseissometimesassociatedwithbleedingofthedigestivesystem.Athletesinhigh-impactsportssuchasrunningmayalsoloseironthroughaphenomenonwheresmallbloodvesselsinthefeetleakblood.Para.7Therearethreestagesofirondeficiency.Thefirstandmostcommonishavinglowironreserves,aconditionthattypicallyhasnosymptoms.Fatigueandpoorperformancemaybegintoappearinthesecondstageofdeficiency,whennotenoughironispresenttoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthattransportoxygentotheworkingmuscles.Inthethirdandfinalstage,peopleoftenfeelweak,tired,andoutofbreath—andexerciseperformanceis

severelycompromised.Para.8“Peoplethinkthatifthey’renotatthethirdstage,nothingiswrong,butthat’snottrue,”

saysJohnL.Beard,whohelpeddesignthePurduestudy.“You’renotinstage3untilyourironreservesgotozero,andifyouwaituntilthatpoint,you’reintrouble.”Para.9aHowever,mostpeoplewithlowironreservesdon’tknowtheyhaveadeficiency,becausetraditionalmethodsofcalculatingtheamountofironinblood(bycheckinglevelsofthebloodproteinthattransportsoxygen)arenotsufficient,Beardstates.Instead,it’simportanttochecklevelsofadifferentcompound,whichindicatetheamountofstorageofironintheblood.Para.9bWhileactive,childbearingagewomenaremostlikelytohavelowironstores,henotes,“Menarenotsafe,especiallyiftheydon’teatmeatandhaveahighlevelofphysicalactivity.”(Anestimated15percentofmalelongdistancerunnershavelowironstores.)Beardandotherexpertssayit’sadvisableforpeopleinthesegroupstohaveayearlybloodtesttocheckbloodironreserves.Para.10aIfironlevelsarelow,talkwithaphysiciantoseeifthedeficiencyshouldbecorrectedbymodifyingyourdietorbytakingsupplements.Ingeneral,it’sbettertoundotheproblembyaddingmoreiron-richfoodstothediet,becauseironsupplementscanhaveseriousshortcomings.Para.10bSupplementsmayproduceafeelingofwantingtothrowup,andmaybepoisonousinsomecases.Thebestsourcesofiron,andtheonlysourcesoftheformofironmostreadilyabsorbedbythebody,aremeat,chicken,andfish.Goodsourcesofotherformsofironincludedates,beans,andsomeleafygreenvegetables.Para.11a“Selectbreadsandcerealswiththewords‘iron-added’onthelabel,”writessportsdietexpertNancyClark.“Thisaddedironsupplementsthesmallamountthatnaturallyoccursingrains.EatthesefoodswithplentifulVitaminC(forexample,drinkorangejuicewithcerealorputatomatoonasandwich)toenhancetheamountofironabsorbed.”Para.11b

Clarkalsorecommendscookinginironpans,asfoodcanderiveironfromthepanduringthecookingprocess.“Theironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease,thelevelgoingupnearly30times,”shewrites.Andpeoplewhoarelikelytohavelowironshouldavoiddrinkingcoffeeorteawithmeals,shesays,sincesubstancesinthesedrinkscaninterferewithironbeingabsorbedintothebody.Para.12“Activewomenneedtobealotmorecarefulabouttheirfoodchoices,”sumsupPurdue’sLyle.“Ifyoupayattentiontowarningsignsbeforeironreservesaregone,youcanremedythedeficiencybeforeitreallybecomesaproblem.”Appositive同位语…,saysRoseanneM.Lyle,associateprofessoratPurdue.(L6)Thefirstandmostcommonishavinglowironreserves,aconditionthattypicallyhasnosymptoms.(L32)…,saysRoseanneM.Lyle.SheisanassociateprofessoratPurdueUniversity.(L6)2.Thefirstandmostcommonishavinglowironreserves.Itisaconditionthattypicallyhasnosymptoms.(L32)同位语满足的条件1)

对名词或代词作解释说明2)

词性一致3)

与名词或代词相邻。NotestotheText—FocusStudy

判断同位语的一个方法就是两个名词之间划等号，如果能互相解释并替换，那就是同位语。

Bluebird,thecarhewasdriving,hadbeenspeciallybuiltforhim.

Theonlypassengers,ayoungwomanandhertwobabydaughters,wereunhurt.Splittheabovetwosentencesintosimplesentencesrespectively.Nowcombinethefollowingsimplesentencesintoonesentencebyusingappositives.TheancientChinesewereapeopleofinventors

anddiscoverers.TheancientChinesewereapeopleof

philosophersandsoldiers.TheancientChinesewereapeopleofpoetsand

craftsmen.TheancientChinesegavetheworldmanyofits

mostusefulthings.TheancientChinese,apeopleofinventorsanddiscoverers,philosophersandsoldiers,poetsandcraftsmen,gavetheworldmanyofitsmostusefulthings.NotestotheText—FocusStudy

3.consumeThechildrenconsumedallthehamburgers.Weconsumeenergyasifitwillbehereforever.consumingconsumerconsumptiontime-consumingconsumergoodsconsumerresearchpetrolconsumption

令人沉迷的;极其强烈的消费者，用户消费，消费量费时的消费品市场调查耗油量4.“Womenwhoconsumedadditionalmeatortookironsupplementswereabletobounceback”…(L10)Heisyoungenoughtobouncebackfromthefrustration.

他很年轻，能够从这次挫折中恢复过来。“那些增食肉类食品或服用铁离子补剂的女性，能够恢复到健康状态”…5.respectiveAllmenhavetheirrespectiveduties.Theirsons,BenandJonathan,werethreeandsixrespectively.

respectiverespectfulrespectablerespectinga.分别的，各自的a.恭敬的;表示尊重的a.体面的；值得尊敬的prep.关于，至于Blankfillingrespectiverespectfulrespectable

respectingTheylistenedin___________silence.Hewasbornina____________family.3.Youcanrefertolaws__________property.4.Afterparty,wewentbacktoour__________room.respectfulrespectablerespectingrespective6.plusIamtoobusy,plusIamshortofcash.DavidBeckhamisafamousfootballplayer,plus,heisafatheroffourchildren.plusWhat’sseventeenplusnine?

4plus6is10.

Inaddition,manywomenwhocaremuchabouttheirhealthrefusetoeatredmeatsuchasbeefandmuttonandthusincreasethedangeroflosingiron…此外，许多保健意识太强的女性也很危险，因为她们拒绝食用牛肉或羊肉，而这些肉中含有的铁质最易被吸收。

7.Plus,many

health-consciouswomenincrease

theirriskbyrejectingredmeat…(L19)health-consciousweight-conscioussafety-consciousquality-consciousTheirproductisaimedatfashion-consciousyoungpeople.rejectingredmeat

Amistakenidea.Forhealth’ssake,peopleneedtotakeinredmeat,whichcontainsiron.However,thesewomenwronglybelievethatanymeat,includingredmeat,canincreasetheirweight.

redmeat:

Redmeatismeatsuchasbeeforlamb,whichisdarkbrownincolorafterithasbeencooked.whitemeat:Whitemeatismeatsuchaschickenandpork,whichispaleincolorafterithasbeencooked.

8.allowanceMostofourflightshaveabaggageallowanceof20kgperpassenger.

我们的大多数航班容许每位旅客免费带20公斤行李。Whatisyourweeklyallowanceofmilk?9.tipsb.overtheedgeBecauseoffinancialcrisis,manycompaniesweretippedovertheedgeofbankruptcy.Toomuchpressuretippedherovertheedgeofbreakdown.由于经济危机，许多公司处于破产的边缘。过多的压力使她处于崩溃的边缘。10.impactHerspeechmadeatremendousimpactoneveryone.Allcolourfades—especiallyundertheimpactofdirectsunlight.所有颜色都会褪色——尤其是在阳光直射下。11.calculateThisformulaisusedtocalculatetheareaofacircle.这个公式用于计算圆的面积。Whatyoudofirstistocalculatethemean.你要做的第一件事就是算出平均数.12.sufficientDowehavesufficientfoodfortenpeople?deficientproficientefficient不足的，缺乏的精通的，熟练的有效率的；高效的13.modifyYoumayneedtomodifyyourplansalittle.Hewillhavetomodifyhisviewsifhewantstobeelected.他如果想当选，就得把观点变得温和些。14.undoundoundidundoneOncethedamageisdone,evenmodernsurgerycan'tundoitentirely.伤害一旦造成，即使是现代外科手术也无法将其完全消除。Whatisdonecannotbeundone.已做的事是既成事实./木已成舟/覆水难收15.deriveHeisoneofthosepeoplewhocanderivepleasurefromhelpingothers.Thetownderivesitsnamefromtheriveronwhichitwasbuilt.有些人从帮助他人中得到快乐，他便是其中之一。这个镇子沿河而建，由此得名。NotestotheText—FocusStudy

16.Theironcontentoftomatosaucecookedinanironpotforthreehoursshowedastrikingincrease,thelevelgoi