新教材高中英语Unit6Spaceandbeyond突破语法大冲关学案外研版选择性

Unit6Spaceandbeyond情态动词一、情态动词的基本用法(1)[观察例句]1．Thepolicestillhavenotfoundthelostchild，buttheyaredoingalltheycan.2．Ourdaughtercouldwalkwhenshewasninemonthsold.3．Accidentscanhappenonsuchrainydays.4．Wemaygotothecinematonight，butwearenotsureyet.5．ThatmightbeourtaxibutIdoubtit.6．Icoulddoitnow，ifyoulike.7．MustIgiveupsmoking?8．Didshehavetopayafine?[归纳用法]1．表示能力：(1)can表示现在的能力(如例1)；(2)could表示过去的能力(如例2)。2．表示推测：推测即可能性(如例3－例6)。3．表示必要性：(1)must表示主观上的必要性(如例7)；(2)haveto表示客观上的必要性(如例8)。[名师点津]表示推测的情态动词的用法比较(由强到弱)：情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式must必定，必然//should按说应该应该不会/oughtto按说应该应该不会/can/不可能有可能吗？could微弱的可能不可能语气比can弱may或许，也许，也说不定可能不/might比may还弱比maynot还弱/[即学即练1]用适当的情态动词填空①Anexperiencedteachercanalsomakemistakes.②Youcan'tmistaketheircar；Ithasgotabrightredlinealloverit.③Hemustbethewantedman.He'sexactlyliketheoneinthispicture.④Icanrunfasterthanyou.⑤Thequestionwassohardthathecouldnotanswerit.⑥Ihavetogotothedentisttomorrow.二、情态动词的基本用法(2)[观察例句]1．Whatshallwedothisweekend?2．Thecandidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.3．Heshouldbehereontime－hestartedearlyenough.4．Youcanstayhereaslongasyoucan，ifyouwill.5．Shewilllistentorecordsaloneinherroomforhours.6．Whenhewasabroad，hewouldreadasmanybooksaspossible.7．Ididn'tknowwhetherhedaredsaythattohim.8．Ifshewantsanything，sheneedonlyask.[归纳用法]1．shall表示征求意见(如例1)和宣布法律、规定(如例2)。2．should意为“按说应该”，表示推测(如例3)，相当于oughtto。3．will表示主观的意志、意愿(如例4)及用来叙述目前的习惯(如例5)。4．would用来叙述过去的习惯(如例6)。5．dare有时态的变化(如例7)。6．need无时态的变化(如例8)。[名师点津]1．shall还可表示说话者给对方的命令、指示或允诺Youshallhaveanewdressforyourbirthday.你生日会有一条新的裙子。2．should还可表示“(义务上的)应该”，在语气上比must(必须)弱。Ishouldgoandvisithimthisafternoon，butIwonderifIwillbefree.今天下午我应该去看望他，但我不知道我是否有空。3．will/would还可表示请求、建议，主语为第二人称，would在语气上更委婉。Will/Wouldyougowithme?你愿意和我一起去吗？4．would和usedto都可表示过去的习惯，但前者表示过去反复的动作，常与everyday，often，frequently等连用；后者表示过去的状态或过去的习惯，但现在已不存在。Shedoesn'tgetupsoearlyassheusedto.她不像以前那样起得那么早了。5．dare作情态动词时，还可用于条件状语从句中。Ifyoueverdarecallmethatnameagain，you'llbesorry.如果你敢再叫我那个名字，你将会后悔。[即学即练2]用情态动词填空①Shallweordersomecoffee?②Hedarenotgothroughthewoods.③Idon'tknowwhyyoushouldthinkthatIdidit.④IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymotherwouldtakemetoDisneylandatweekends.⑤Willyousendthisletterforme，please?三、情态动词的特殊用法——表示对过去的推测[观察例句]1．Shecouldhavegoneoutwithsomefriends.2．Itmusthaverainedlastnight，fortheroadisquitemuddy.3．Hemighthavemissedthetrain.4．Wherecanshehaveputit?5．It'stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.[归纳用法]1．musthavedonesth.表示“(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句(如例2)。2．mayhavedonesth.表示“也许已经做了某事”(如例5)，maynothavedonesth.表示也许还没做某事。3．mighthavedonesth.表示“过去可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句(如例3)。mightnothavedonesth.表示过去也许没做某事。4．couldhavedonesth.表示“过去可能做了某事”(如例1)，couldnothavedonesth.表示过去不可能做了某事。5．canhavedonesth.表示“疑虑或惊讶”，用于疑问句(如例4)，其否定形式为can't/cannothavedonesth.。[即学即练3]完成句子①Theboymayhaveknownthetruth(可能已经知道了事实)，butIamnotquitesure.②Goandaskhimaboutit.Hecan't/cannothaveforgotten(不可能忘了)it.③Don'tworry.Yourfathermaynothavebeenhurtseriously(也许伤得不严重)．④She'snothere.Shemusthaveleftalready(准是走了)．四、情态动词的特殊用法——表示与过去事实相反[观察例句]1．Ineedn'thavetakentheumbrella，fortheweatherisfine.2．Icouldhaveworkedouttheproblem，butIwastoonervous.3．Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp，thoughyouwerebusy.4．Sorrytohearthatyouhadabadfall.Youshouldhavebeenmorecareful.5．I'msorry.Ishouldn'thavelostmytemper.[归纳用法]1．couldhavedonesth.表示过去本可以做某事但实际上没做(如例2)。2．needn'thavedonesth.表示过去本不必做某事但实际上做了(如例1)。3．shouldhavedonesth.表示过去本应该做某事但实际上没做(如例4)，可与oughttohavedone换用。4．shouldn'thavedonesth.表示过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了(如例5)。5．mighthavedonesth.表示过去也许可以做某事但实际上没做(如例3)。[即学即练4]完成句子①Wecouldhavefaced(本来可以面对)thedifficultytogether，butyoudidn'ttellme.②Youneedn'thaveworked(本来不必工作)thatlatelastnight.Thedeadlineistomorrowafternoon.③Youshouldhavecome(本应该来)totheconferenceyesterday.④Thepillsmighthavehelpedhim(也许可以对他有帮助)buthedidn'ttakethemregularly.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Youneedn'tworryaboutmyweekend－Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.2．Fortheenginetowork，thegreenlevermustbeinthe“up”position.3．Accordingtotherule，allthestudentsshallgotoschoolbefore8：00a．m.4．Heshouldnotmakethismistake，forhehadbeenremindedseveraltimes.5．Youcanbringagifttothehostess，butitneedn'tbetooexpensive.6．Susan'sfamilyisveryrichandherparentscanaffordtosendhertoChinaforfurtherstudy.7．Don'tworry，Martin.Youshallhaveanewpairofsportshoestomorrow.8．Thelightinhisofficeisstillon.Hemustbein.9．Ican'tthankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereaway.10．Thechildrenmusthavegot(get)lostinthewoods；otherwise，theywouldhavebeenatthelakesidecampasscheduled.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e­4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—1.touched(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole­Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis2.extremely(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe，Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereit3.couldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4.inter