高三英语翻译专题

翻译中的句型结构一、基本句型及成分句子的种类句子常分为陈述句、问句、祈使句和感叹句四大类。在翻译中多遇见的是陈述句,形式是主语先行,如:物价又上涨了。Princesaregoingupagain.有时候也会出现祈使句,形式是动词原形先行,主语省略,如:明天把一切都准备好。Geteverythingreadytomorrow.感叹句的形式是修饰性短语,后接主语及谓语,常见的句型有:What+a(n)adj.+n+主谓！How+adj./adv.+主谓!How+adj.+a(n)+主谓!问句可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。如:你今晚有空吗Willyoubefreetonight你对这座城市的印象如何What'syourimpressionofthecity代表团今天到还是明天到Isthedelegationarrivingtodayortomorrow在这里工作多年了对吧You'vebeenworkinghereformanyyears,haven'tyou简单句的成分简单句的翻译是最直接的,只要找准句子中的主语、谓语动词等成分,按照英语的习惯连接起来就可以了。主要有:(1)主语+谓语动词如:门铃响了Thedoorbellrang.⑵主语+系动词+表语如:这盘菜看起来很诱人。Thedishlooksinviting.(3)主语+谓语动词+宾语如:很多人在申请这份工作。Manypeoplearcapplyingforthejob(注意:有宾语的谓语动词应该是及物动词或动词词组;如果宾语是代词,应用宾格)⑷主语十谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如:我把护照拿给他们看。Ishowedthemmypassport如果要把间接宾语移到后面，前面要加上介词to或for,如：我把护照拿给其中一位移民局的官员看。Ishowedmypassporttooneoftheimmigrationofficers.(5)主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补如:我闻见有东西烧焦了。Ismeltsomethingburning.二、复合句型复合句的翻译要注意连词、关系代词或关系副词的正确使用,判断汉语句子中的哪一部分充当名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句,翻译的同时要兼顾各从句的语法规则和特点。如：只要专心学习,你一定能顺利通过考试。(条件状语从句)Solongas/Ifyouconcentrateonyourstudies,you'11succceedinpassingtheexaminations她挥舞着手发疯了似的。(方式状语从甸〉shewavedherhandsasifsheweremad.你爱坐哪里就坐哪里。(地点状语从句)Youcansitwhereyoulike.主席走进来,我们就都站了起来。(时间状语从句)Weallstoodupassoonas/themomentthechairmanentered.天那么黑,我看不清彼此的脸了。(结果状语从句)Itwassodarkthatwecouldn'tseeeachother'sfaces.这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营早度过的日子。(定语从句)Thisphotoremindsmeofthedays(that)wespentinthesummercamp.作品得奖的女孩是班上最小的学生。(定语从句)Thegirlwhoseworkgottheprizeistheyoungestinherclass.你该就你刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉。(宾语从句)Youshouldapo1ogizetoallthepeoplepresentforwhatyouhavejustdone.这一切是怎么发牛的对我是一个谜。(主语从句)Howitallhappenedisamysterytome.金钱万能这个思想是错误的。(同位语从句)Theideathatmoney1neahseverythingisunsound.?三、倒装句型⑴我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。(Never)Neverbeforehasourcountrybeensopowerfulasitistoday.⑵只有通过努力我们才能成功。(Only...)Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceed.直到那时我才意识到我犯了一个多么严重的错误。(Notuntil.)NotuntilthendidIrealizewhataseriousmistakeIhadmade.尽管他还是个孩子,他却承担起了养家的责任。(as)Childasheis,hetakesontheresponsibilityofsupportingthefamily她累得一上床就睡着了°(So)sotiredshewasthatshefellasleepassoonasshehitthepillow.四、强调句型他就是在那座教堂里结婚的。(It)Itwasinthatchurchthathegotmarried他到底是在什么时候犯下的罪Whenwasitthathecommittedacrime五、其它特殊句型⑴Themore....,themore书读得越多,就对你越有好处。Themorebooksyouread,themoregooditwilldoyou.therebe句型阅读时,你不必碰到生词就查词典。(Therebe)Thereisnoneedforyoutolookupeverynewwordyoucomeacrosswhilereading.祈使句+andyou'11...再试工下,你很可能就成功了。Onemoretry,andyouarelikelytosucceed.wou1drather我宁可在家看报纸和杂志也不愿去电影院看这么可怕的电影。(wouldrather)Iwouldratherstayathomereadingnewspapersandmagazinesthangotothecinematoseesuchahorriblefilm.can‘t...・too...检查试卷时越仔细越好。Youcan'tbetoocarefulwhencheckingyourpaperIt'shightimesb・did是我们采取行动的时候了。It'shightimethatwetookaction.形式主语、形式宾语it人们发现越来越难跟上现代科学的发展。(keepupwith)Peoplefinditharderandhardertokeepupwiththedevelopmentofmodernscience.众所周知,吸烟会导致多种疾病。Itisknowntoallthatsmokingcancausemanydiseases.就我所知,在那座小城里购物很方便。(asfaras)AsfarasIknow,,itisconvenienttodoshoppinginthatsmallcity.保护环境是每个公民的职责。(L..)Itisthedutyofeverycitizentoprotectourenvironment.我没有想到汤姆会被选举为学生会主席。occurItneveroccurredtomethatTomwouldbemadeChairmanmanoftheStudents'Union.那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。(It....)It'sveryhardforthosewhohaven'tbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(.it.)Ifindithardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.非谓语结构我们非常感激老师为我们提供许多好书。(grateful)Wearemostgratefultoourteacherforprovidinguswithmanygoodbooks.充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。(keep)Makingfulluseoftimedoesn'tmeankeepingonreadingbooksfrommorningtillnight.同其他学生相比,那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。(compare)Comparedwithotherstudents,thegirlhasbetterlisteningandspeakingabilitiesinEnglish.我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节开幕式。(lookforwardto)Wearelookingforwardtoattendingtheopeningceremonyoftheartfestivaltobeheldnextweek.为了保持健康，我们经常参加体育锻炼。(To:)Tokeepfit,weoftentakepartinphysicalexercises.资料厍(翻译中的重要句型)Wewereabouttoreachourhotelwhenoneofusfaintedontheshuttlebus.我们正要到宾馆时，共中一人在旅游车上晕倒I'dappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldrecommendedagrammarbooktome.如你能帮我推荐一本语法书，我将不胜感激。Ifitisconvenienttoyou,I'dlikeyourtotranslatethisspeechintoGerman.如果方便的活，我想请你把这份讲稿译成德语。Thereisnodoubtthatyouhavetoanswerforwhatyouhavedone.毫无疑问，你必须为你的所作所为负责。Ifeelitmydutytoteachmystudentstorespectothercultures.我感到教会学生尊重他国文化是我的责任。It'sessentialthatthedamagedroadberepairedimmediately.受损马路有必要立即修复！Thereisnoproofthatsmokingcanrefreshaman.尚无证据证明吸烟能让人感到精神。Theinstantheheardacryforhelp,heraninthedirectionofit.他一听到救命声'就立刻朝喊声跑去。Itislikelythatyouwillfeelsorryforyourrecklessdecision.你很可能会后悔你鲁莽的决定。Whatreallymatterstoadriverisnothowfancyhiscaris,buthowsafeitis.对驾驶员来说，真正重要的不是车的豪华，而是车的安全。Onlywithamicroscopecanyoustudygerms.只有用显微镜才能研究细菌。Wenolongerwonderatthephenomenonthatyoungcoupleschoosenottohavekids.我们不再对年轻夫妇不生孩子现象感到奇怪Iwouldratherstayforthenightonthestreetthancheckinthedirtyinn.我情愿在大街上呆上一整晚也不愿入住那家脏兮兮的旅店。Scarcelyhadheleftthehospitalwhenhewasinfectedwithanotherdisease.他刚出院感染上了其它的病。Seldomdoesourhistoryteachergetangrywithus.我们历史老师很少生我们的气。16Thereissignthatmanyfamilieswillbuyasecondcar.有迹象表明，许多家庭将会买第三辆车。It'sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedtheplane.很奇怪，他竟然没赶上飞机。18、ItwasnotuntilhetookoffhissunglassesthatIrecognizedhewasmyuncle.直到他摘下墨镜我才认出原来他是我叔叔。Itwasawasteoftimediscussingsuchquestionswithoutanswers.讨论没有答案的问题是浪费时间.Thepatientsweretoldtowaitinqueue,whethertheyhadmadereservationsornot.不管预约过与否，病人们都被告知要排队等候。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishwiththegivenwordsinthebrackets.据说饭后散步有益于健康。（Itis…）他所有的零钱都是花在了邮票上。（Itis…）那位工程师已经三年没回家乡了（since）乐于助人的人最容易相处。（those）他第一次乘飞机时紧张得说不话来。（thefirsttime）她兴奋得不能自己。（too....）如果你们不相互合作，就很难完成任务。（unless）无论我怎么努力，就是无法说服他们接受新方案。（nomatter.）不管前方的路有多难走，你不能轻易放弃。（however）无论你从事何种职业，懂电脑是必不可少的。（whatever）不管多忙只要邻居需要，他都会去帮忙。（aslongas）有时候让你疲惫的不是远方的大山，而是你鞋里的一粒沙子(itis)那位科学家谦虚地说他所做的不值一提。(worth)尽管自己缺钱，他仍在资助那个山里娃。(...as...)好好休息，你很快就会恢复体力的。(and)那些孩子不顾大雨，仍在兴奋地踢球。(despite)除了下雨他每天早晨环湖慢跑半小时。(except)据我所知，那位作家从未写过情书。(asfaras)他不太在乎旁人对他言行的看法。(Little..)他在颁奖典礼上没有说一句话。(Not..)你最好改弃，否则后果不堪设想。(otherwise)毫无疑问，我们都被他的谎言欺骗了。(there...)你掌握的词汇量越大，你就越能用这一语言表达思想。(themore..themore..)你一旦作出承诺，就一定不能使大家失望。(once)看到家乡的巨变，我几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。(Hardly.、.)对于高一学生来说，这道计算题再简单不过了。该读书俱乐部欢迎任何喜爱古典文学之士。(whoever)这姑娘一言不发地走出了办公室。(without)爬了一天的山，他累得连澡也没洗就睡觉丁。(so...that.')他几乎对自己丧失信心的时候，同事们向他伸出援助之手。(about)他犹豫了好久才作出决定。(before)在美国，将孩子独自留在家中是违法的。(It)通过阅读英语报纸杂志可以提高语言的摄入量。(by)在超市，人们会情不白禁去买根本不需要的东西。(cannot)只要坚持不懈，不半途而废，你一定能实现奇迹。(aslongas)互联网使人与人之间的交流越来越容易了°(It)我真傻，以为大家都会赞同我的提议。(It)直到黄昏他才意识到自己陷人困境。(Notunti1)玩电子游戏的时间越长，你的视力会越差。(themore.....)使我们失望的是，那位作家没为我们签名，也没跟我们说话。一有感冒症状，你得尽快去看医生。(once)你只有加倍努力才能赶上你的同学。(only)太空旅游并没有人们想象得那么浪漫。(so.as)教授的演讲很精彩，大礼堂座无虚席。(So....)人类首次登月距今近四十年。(since)他每次路过母校都不忘顺便探望他的老师。(everytime)你该好好反省一下自己的所作所为。(hightime)手术后她虚弱得很，不能照顾自己。(too)如果你能帮我买两节电池，我将感激不尽。(if)除非采取紧急措施，否则我们的计划将流产。(unless)她一直默默无闻，直到在演唱赛中夺得第一名.(until)真正重要的不是你的言辞，而是你的行动。(What)我们一定要全力以赴，力争在天黑前抵达目的地。(whatever)那位明星无论走到哪儿，两位保镖都寸步不离。(wherever)不管你有没有犯罪，在法庭上一定要尊重法官。(whether)他尽管双目失明，却没有放弃作家梦。（as）应该把火柴放在孩子拿不到的地方。（where）那位总统辞职后很少在公众场合露面。（Seldom）他突然意识到自己犯了一个多么愚蠢的错误。（how）既然我们现在不能达成一致，不妨让老师来作最终决定。（upto）租辆自行车，你就可以环游这座历史古城了。（and）这对夫妇决定，再穷也要设法供儿子上大学。（no他一看到警车就意识到出事了。（themoment）由于写得匆忙，这个报告里错误百出。（written）由于没有得到回复，他决定再给她写一封信.（nothaving）交通信号灯一转成红色，驾驶员就把汽车停了下来。（Themoment）她英语说得这么好，以至于许多人都认为她是在英国或美国长大的。（suchthat）他虽然聪明，但不大可能把全部时间投入他的工作。（...as....）请把杂志放回你刚才取阅的地方。（where）你对形势相肖无知，你不能否认这个事实。（that）她愿意和一位盲人结婚，她的父母对此难以相信。（which）仔细阅读说明书，你自己就能操作这台机器了。（and）别想得到你不该得的东西，否则你会后悔的。（or）他不仅失去了所有的钱，连房子也被烧了。（NotOnly）这孩子如此可爱以至于四周的人都喜欢他。（So...）这位穷人几乎赚不到足够的钱来抚养子女。（Hardly）我们认为保护老人和弱者是我们的责任。（it）你没有看到那位受伤的孩子躺在路边吗？（Don't..）在陌生人面前这女孩害怕得不知所措。（so..，that）说他宁可用一部分时间打工挣钱，也不向同事借钱。（prefer）天气恶劣，让我们乘火车不要乘飞机，好吗？（Let's…）为什么不把那台坏的电脑送回买这个产品的商店去呢？（Why.）那个小城镇不再是以前那个偏僻荒凉的地方了。（nolonger）他买了另一幢房子，不是为了居住而是想等高价出售，结果投资失败了。（not…but...）虽然他喜欢被人邀请去聚会，但并不愿意赠送礼物给别人。（While…）Itissaidthatwalkingaftermealsisgoodforyourhealth.Itisonstampsthathespendsallhispocketmoney.Itisthreeyearssincethatengineerlefthishometown.Thosewhoarereadytohelpothersareeasytogetalongwith.Thefirsttimehetookaplane,hewastoonervoustosayanything.Shewastooexcitedtocontrolherself.Itishardforyoutofinishthetaskunlessyoucooperatewitheachother.NomatterhowhardI'vetried,Ican'tpersuadethemtoacceptthenewproject.Howeverdifficulttheroadaheadis,youcan'tgiveupeasily.Whateverjobyoudo,itisnecessarytohaveagoodcommandofcomputer.Howeverbusyheis,hewillgotohelphisneighborsaslongastheyneedit.Sometimesitisagrainofsandinyourshoeratherthanthedistantmountainthattiresyouout.Thatscientistsaidmodestlythatwhathehaddonewasnotworthmentioning.Shortofmoneyasheis,heisstillprovidingfinancialsupportforthechildfromthemountain.Haveagoodrest,andyouwillsoonrecoveryourstrength.Despitetheheavyrain,thosekidswerestillplayingfootballexcitedly.Hegoesjoggingaroundthelakeforhalfanhoureverymorningexceptwhenitrains.AsfarasIknow,thatwriterhasneverwrittenanyloveletter.19.Littledoeshecareaboutothers'opinionsofhiswordsanddeeds.20.Notaworddidhesayattheawardceremony.You'dbettergiveup,otherwisetheconsequencesareunimaginable.Thereisnodoubtthatwewereallcheatedbyhislies.Thelargeryourvocabularyis,thebetteryoucanexpressyourselfinthelanguage.Onceyoumakeapromise,besurenottoletalldown.HardlycanIbelievemyowneyeswhenIsawthegreatchangesinmyhometown.26.Thecalculatingproblemcan'tbesimplerforasenioronestudent.Thebookclubwelcomeswhoeverlovesclassicliterature.Withoutsayingaword,thegirlwentoutoftheoffice.Havingclimbedthemountainthewholeday,hewassotiredthathewenttosleepwithouttakingabath.Hewasabouttoloseself-confidencewhenhiscolleagueslenthimahelpinghand.Hehesitatedalongtimebeforehemadehisdecision.ItisagainstthelawtoleaveachildaloneathomeintheUSA.WecanincreaseourlanguageinputbyreadingEnglishnewspapersandmagazines.34.Atthesupermarketpeoplecannothelpbutbuythingsthattheydon'treallyneed.Aslongasyoupersevereandnotgiveuphalfway,youaresuretoaccomplishwonders.TheInternetmakesiteasierandeasierforpeopletocommunicatebetweeneachother.Itwasfoolishofmetothinkthateveryonewouldapproveofmyproposal.Notuntilduskdidherealizethathehadgotintotrouble.Themoretimeyouspendplayingvideogames,thepoorer/worseyoureyesightwillbe.40.Toourdisappointment,thatwriterdidn'tsignhisnameforus,nordidhetalktous.Onceyoushowthesymptomsofcold,youshouldseeadoctorassoonaspossible.Onlyifyoudoubleyoureffortscanyoucatchupwithyourfellowstudents.Spacetravelisnotsoromanticaspeoplethought.44.Sowonderfulwastheprofessor'slecturethattherewasnotasinglevacantseatinthehall.45.Itisnearlyfortyyearssincemanfirstsetfootonthemoon.46.EverytimehepassesbyhisAlmaMaterhewon'tforgettodropinonhisteachers.Itishightimeyoureflectedonwhatyouhavedone.Shewastooweakaftertheoperationtolookafterherself.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldbuytwobatteriesforme.Unlessyoutakeurgentmeasures,ourplanwillbespoiled.Sheremainedunknownuntilshecamefirstinthesingingcontest.Whatreallymattersisnotwhatyousaybutwhatyoudo.Wemustdowhateverwecantotrytoreachourdestinationbeforedark.Whereverthatstargoes,histwobodyguardsfollowhimclosely.Whetheryouhavecommittedacrimeornot,youmustrespectthejudgesonthecourt.56.Blindinbotheyesashewas,hedidn'tgiveuphisdreamofbeingawriter.57.Matchesshouldbekeptwherechildrencan'treachthem.58.Seldomdidthepresidentshowupinpublicafterhisretirement.59.Hesuddenlyrealizedhowsillyamistakehehadmade.60.Nowthatwecan'treachanagreement,wemightaswellleavethefinaldecisionuptoourteacher.Rentabicycleandyoucanmakeatourofthishistoricalancienttown.Thecoupledecidedthatnomatterhowpoortheywere,theywouldtrytoaffordtheirsontogotocollege.Themomenthesawthepolicecar,herealizedthatsomethinghadhappened.Writteninahurry,thereportwasfullofmistakes.Nothavingreceivedanyreply,hedecidedtowriteherasecondletter.Themomentt