初中被动语态语法及练习

被动语态（强化辅导）2010.10一、①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态Catseatfish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。Fishiseatenbycats.（被动语态）鱼被猫吃。②被动语态的构成由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。.一般现在时的被动语态：TheyspeakEnglish.—Englishisspoken（bypeople）.一般过去时的被动语态：Hewateredtheflowersjustnow.—Theflowerswerewatered（him）justnow..一般将来时的被动语态：Wewillcleantheclassroom.—Theclassroomwillbecleaned（byus）..现在实行时的被动语态：Tomispickingapples.—ApplesarebeingpickingbyTom.现在完成时的被动语态：Theworkershavebuiltahouse.—Ahousehasbeenbuiltbytheworkers..情态动词的被动语态：Youshouldlookafterhimwell.—Heshouldbelookedafterwell.二．含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况：1、通常把间接宾语的变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位置。Tomgavemeabikelastyear.—IwasgivenabikebyTomlastyear.Myfatherboughtmeashirtyesterday.—Iwasboughtashirtbymyfatheryesterday.2、把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加上介词to（make制造山口丫变为被动时常用for）。Tomgavemeabikelastyear.—AbikewasgiventomebyTomlastyear.Myfatherboughtmeashirtyesterday.—Ashirtwasboughtformeyesterday.三、动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。Youmustlistentotheteachercarefulllyinclass.—Theteachermustbelistenedtocarefullyinclass.四、主动语态中有些动词，如：make，have，let，see，watch，hear等后面常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时要加to。Weoftenheartheboysinginthenextroom.—Theboyisoftenheardtosinginthenextroom.四．注意事项：.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen,takeplace,appear,hold（容纳）.系动词是没有被动语态：Look,feel,sound,smell,taste.…如：Thedishtastesgood..有些词组没有被动语态：sellwell,writewell,ridewell如：Thiskindofskirtsellswell..need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneedtoberepaired.练习：将下列各句改为被动语态1.Hereadthelettertoallhisfriends.don’tgivehimmybooks.Hehandedmethemagazine.Sheboughtherbrotheradictionary.Wemustchoosesomebooksforyourbrother.Theynamedhim“hero”Theyfoundtheplacewasawonderfulvillage.8．Theteacheriskeepingthepupilsatschoolforarevision.YoumustfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.Theywillpaintthehouseagainnextyear.TheygaveMaryanewdollforherbirthday.Ihavetoldthechildrenmanytimesnottoplayhere.WehadtorepairourTVset.14．Theyshowedmetheroomwheretheylived.15．TheymakemachinesinthatfactoryEverybodylikesthissong.Peopledon'tgrowriceinthewestofjapan18．HeoftenhelpsTomwhenTomisintroublePeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.Englishinmanycountries.Webuiltthisbridgelastyear.Thisbridgelastyear.Thetigerinthezoofrightenedthelittlegirl.Thegirlbythetigerinthezoo.XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty.Youtoalunchparty.Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereading-room.Thesemagazinesthereading-room.Wewilldiscusstheproblemattomorrow'smeeting.Theproblembyusattomorrow.改正下列句子1.Thishousebuilt100yearsago.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.Whereareyouborn?把下列句子变成主动语态1.Spanishisspoken(bypeople)inSouthAmerica.Allthewordsmustbelookedup(byus)inadictionary.单项选择.-Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?-Yes.Ourclassroomeveryday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleanedD.iscleaning2.Astory.byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldusfIwingslikeabird,Ibeabletoflyinthesky.A.have;shouldB.had;wouldC.wouldhave;willD.had;can.-DidyougotoJack’sbirthdayparty?—No,I.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite.—Mum,canIgotothezoowithJack?—Whenyourhomework,youcan.A.isdoneB.wasdoneC.doesD.did.Twenty-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.beallowedD.allowed..Iaskedhimwhat.A.wouldhappenB.hadhappenedC.happenedD.washappened.8．ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThoughtin1999.A.writesB.iswrittenC.wroteD.waswritten.9．Treesandflowers___everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A.isplantedB.wasplantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted.10.Themonkeywasseenoutofthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump11．Theearthisourhome.Itwell.A.mustbeprotectedB.shouldprotectC.needprotectD.shouldprotected.12．Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremadewhattheyarenot.A.todo;interestedinB.todo;interestedC.do;interestedD.do;interested.．anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;builtD.Did;built.14．Anaccidentonthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened.15．RiceinthesouthofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow..Sofar,themoonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited..Howmanytreesthisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted..Lotofthingsbypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone..NeitheroftheminChinaA.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made..Look!Anicepictureforourteacher.A..isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawnD.draws..Thedoctorforyet.A.isn’tsentB.hasn’tbeensentC.won’tbesentD.wasn’tsent..—Whenthiskindofcomputer?—Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used.TheGreatWallaboutallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown..HesaysthatMrZhangtothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent..Whothisbook?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.do;writtenD.was;written词汇或短语辨析：beableto，can能够beableto有多种时态变化。can只有一一般现在