【课件】Unit+1+Discover+useful+structures人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Discoveringusefulstructures

UNIT1ART动词不定式作主语和表语

Theymustlearntorecognisebadhabitsearlyandmakeappropriatechanges.Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.Therewardmakesusmuchmorelikelytocontinuethehabitcycle.Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentry

toadaptthem.Forexample,whenwecometoanescalator(cue),ournormalroutineis

torideit.Toreachthegoalofchange,apersonmustshowsomedisciplineandrepeatedlytakemanysmallsteps.object宾语attribute定语complement补足语adverbial状语object宾语predicative表语adverbial状语Tip1:

动词不定式可以在句中作______、______、______、______、______、________的成分。主语宾语表语定语状语补足语Readthesesentencesandfillintheblanksusingthecorrectwords.Perhapsthebest_____tounderstandWesternartis

tolook

atthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.DuringtheMiddleAges,the_______ofWesternartwas

toteach

peopleaboutChristianity.Inthiswork,Monet’s____wastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene...___________________________wasnolongershowreality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,“Whatisart?”waypurposeaimWhattheyattemptedtodo动词不定式在句中作表语1.结构

动词不定式可以放在

be和become,sound,taste等__________后

面作表语，由“(to)+动词原形”构成。2.时态

动词不定式作表语时，如果不定式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系应使用__________如果是被动关系应该使用___________。例1：Hisgoalis_____________

(be)avolunteeratthelocalhospitalinthecomingholidays.例2：Hisgoalis______________(admit)intoPekingUniversitythissummer.:动词不定式系动词tobecometobeadmitted

todotobedoneSummarizing“不定式作表语”的实质是：be是系动词，be前的主语和be后的表语是同位概念，不定式作表语对主语的内容做具体说明作用，主语往往是表示“目的，目标，想法，愿望，任务，责任等”的名词，如：_______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________还可以由what或者all引导的名词性从句等。intention,plan,purpose,aim,duty，hope，idea，concern，job，plan，problem，suggestion，wish,chance,methodLead-in1.Nottograspfirmlyis

nottograspatall.2.Whathewantedtosuggestwastocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.3.Heis

tocleantheroom.4.He

seems

(tobe)depressed.

5.Theplan

proves(tobe)successful.【自主发现】上面句中动词不定式形式，通常放在______________之后，在句中作_________。连系动词表语Tip1：动词不定式作表语时，说明主语的具体内容或目的，主语一般是：____________________________________________________________________或者以________________________。Tip2:wh-词+动词不定式句式：根据表达需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词，包括what,who,how,when,where等。eg:Whattheywantedtoknowwaswhentoholdanartexhibitionintheircity.what引导的名词性从句aim,purpose,dream,decision,task,difficulty,suggestion,hope,duty,way等常见动词不定式作表语情况：1.Mysuggestionis

tocarryouttheplanimmediately.2.WhatIwouldsuggestis

nottoputoffthemeeting.3.Watermustbepureifitis

tobedrunk.4.Allofhispersonalstuffsare

nottobesold.1.Allhewantedwas_______________.

他只想一个人待着。2.TheleastIcandotohelpis________________.

我所能帮的最起码的事是借给她一辆车。tobeleftalonetolendheracarTip3：当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词_____或者主语被___________________或形容词________修饰时，其后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。only,first,one,least最高级all

1.Whois_____________thefire?

谁应为这场大火承担责任？

2.Thehouseis_________.

此房出租。Tip4：某些动词不定式(短语)作表语时，需用主动形式表示__________。toblamefortolet被动意义Tip5:

动词不定式可与疑问词when、where、how、what、which、who等组合，构成___________，在句中可作______、______和______。不定式短语Observeandexplore.Whentostart

hasnotbeendecidedyet.DoyouknowwheretofindTom?Mymainconcernishowtogetthereontime.subject主语object宾语predicative

表语主语宾语表语注意：动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但当主句主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，可省略作表语的动词不定式（短语）里的不定式符号to:

1.我们试图要做的是挽救地球。Whatwe’retrying

todois

saveEarth.________________________________________________________________________________2.晚上他做过的唯一的事是读报纸。In

the

evening

theonlythinghedidwas

read

the

newspaper.________________________________________________________________________________1.动词不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或者表示将来含义的动作，且谓语动词常用_______。如：

Tobecalmindangerisveryimportant/significant.

Towinthegameispossible.

Toseeistobelieve.

Toworkwithhim

isagreatpleasure2.动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用__作形式主语，而将动词不定式短语置于句末。如：ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.单数PresentationitIt做形式主语，其常见句型如下：1.

It＋is＋名词＋todosthIt’sourdutytoprotectthenaturalenvironment.2.

Ittooksbsometime/money＋todosthIttookusthreehourstofinishthereport.3.

It＋be＋形容词＋for/ofsb＋todosthIt’sverygenerous

ofyoutodonateusalargesumofmoney.Itisnecessary

forchildrentoformgoodhabitsatanearlyage.4.Itseems/appears＋形容词＋todosth

Itseemedimpossibletocatchupwiththemin20minutes.补充：动词不定式作表语和v-ing作表语的区别动词不定式和v-ing作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子的主语为v-ing，则表语也应使用v-ing；若主语为动词不定式，则表语也应使用动词不定式。Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.动词不定式和v-ing作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外:当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式作表语。Herbestwishistoputhernewideasintopractice.若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing作表语。Myfavoritesportisswimming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.Usethecorrectformsofthewordstofillintheblanks.________(read)aloudisgoodforyourEnglishlearning.Itisquitenecessary________(read)itagain.________(see)istobelieve.________(see)isbelieving.拓展:todoasthesubjectVS

doingasthesubjectReadingtoreadToseeSeeingTip6:

动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别：_______作主语特指一次性的、具体的动作；_______作主语泛指一般的或习惯性的动作。且作主语和表语的不定式或动名词需保持________。tododoing一致动词不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般不定式符to不能省略,但以下情况下可省略：1.all作主语其后的定语从句有do的某种形式时：

Allweneedtodoisliveeachdaywithhope.2.what引导的从句作主语时，从句中含有do的某种形式时：

WhatIwanttodoistakeaholidayrightaway.3.主语被only，first，one，least或形容词最高级修饰，其后的定语从句或短语中有do的某种形式时：

Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwasreadthenewspaper.Ⅰ.单句语法填空Themostmeaningfulthinghewantstodois______(help)thepoor.Thisyear,hisplanis_______(make)somechangesintheteachingmethod.WhatIsuggestis

_______(start)workatonce.Oneofherhobbiesis

_________(collect)stamps.Ithinkitisyourbrotherwhois_______(blame)fortheaccident.即学即练

helptomaketostartcollectingtoblameSupposeyouare________(be)

ajournalistforChinaDaily,doyouknowwhatkindofjobstheyhave? Youare______________(reward)

ifyouhavemadeabreakthrough.Thestudentstrustherverymuch;

asaresult,

heradviceis__________(influence)

theirdecisions. tobetoberewardedtoinfluence3.Medicalexpertssaythemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofdiseaseisforpeople________(wash)theirhandswithsoapandwater.4.Thenextstepis________surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.5.Thepurposeofeducationis__________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.towashtomaketodevelop1.Themottoofthelittleboywhowassufferingfromamusclediseasewas_______(live)onedayatatime.2.Itisyou,includingyourcousin,that____________(blame)forthelossofthegoldenchance.tolivearetoblamePractise

Matchthesentencehalves.

Discoverwhatthesesubjectsshareincommonbyusingthefollowingtable.Meaning/ConstructSubjectanactionforsomepurposeawayofactionadviceresponsibilityaclauseintention,plan,purpose,aimway,things,business,habit,principle,vocation,chance,methodsuggestion,thoughtduty,orderWhat...attempted...,All...wanted...Theyoungsinger'sintentionofperformingthesongwas___________________________________.(与歌迷们分享他对摇滚乐的热爱)Thebestwaytodobusinessis_____________