测绘专业英语-大地测量和平面测量分析课件

Unit2

GeodeticSurveyingand

PlaneSurveying

大地测量和平面测量Unit2

GeodeticSurveyingand1planen.平面;adj.平坦的n.1.平面图2.可以不计地球曲面投影变形影响的,描述小范围面积的地图。通常地图比例尺不应小于1:5000。planen.平面;adj.平坦的2featuren.1.特征2.可以作为标志的显著特点eg.designwithtopographicalfeature根据地形特征进行设计naturalfeatures自然特征点artificialfeatures人工特征点feature3contourn.1.轮廓;轮廓线2.外形;结构n.1.等高线2.地图上地面高程相等的各相邻点所连成的曲线。eg.contoured/contourmap等高线图contouredbathymetricmap水深线图，等深线图contourn.1.轮廓;轮廓线2.外形;结构4Plann.1.计划，打算，方案2.平面图，示意图Theplansofthenewdevelopmentareonshowatthetownhall.镇公所大厅展示了新开发的平面图。vt.&vi.1.计划，打算，设计Ihaveplannedthewholethingtothesmallestdetail.我已经把整个事情连最小的细节都计划好了。Plann.1.计划，打算，方案5chartn.1,图标2，航海图Thecourseofashipismarkedonachart.轮船的航线已经在航海图上标出。vt.1,绘制地图，在图上标出Thenavigatorchartedthecourseoftheship.领航员在航海图上标出船的航线。2，记录，记述，跟踪（进展或发展）3，计划行动；制定计划chartn.1,图标2，航海图6figuren.1.数字Theabovefiguredidnotincludeworkers.上面的数字没有包括工人。2.图解,图表;装饰性的图案Thefigureonpage22showsapoliticalmapofAfrica.第22页的插图是非洲的政区图。figuren.1.数字7王之卓：Thedevelopmentof“SurveyingandMapping”intheinformationerais“Geomatics”.王之卓：8TypesofSurveys测量类型(1)landsurveys(2)topographicsurveys(3)routesurveys(4)citysurveys(5)constructionsurveys(6)hydrographicsurveys(7)marinesurveys(8)forestryandgeologicalsurveys(9)photogrammetricsurveysTypesofSurveys测量类型(1)land9Hydrographicadj.与水道测量有关oforrelatingtohydrographicsEg.hydrographicsurveyhydrographicsurveyorhydrographicmapHydro-ordydr-表示“水，液，流体”，“氢的，含氢的”之义Combiningform结合的形式Indicatingordenotingwater,liquid,orfluid表明或表示水、液体或者流体Hydrographicadj.与水道测量有关10Twogeneralclassificationsofsurveysaregeodeticandplane.目前测量的主要方法分为大地测量和平面测量。Ingeodeticsurveying,thecurvedsurfaceoftheearthisconsideredbyperformingthecomputationsonaspheroid.在大地测量中，地球曲面被近似认为是一椭球来计算。Inplanesurveying,exceptforleveling,thereferencebaseforfieldworkandcomputationsisassumedtobeaflathorizontalsurface.在平面测量中，除了水准测量，内外业的参考基准面被认为是平坦的水平表面。Twogeneralclassificationsof11curven.1.曲线，弧线，曲面，弯曲Thepopulationcurvehassloweddown.2.曲线状物，弯曲物Theautomobilesloweddowntogoaroundthecurvesintheroad.vt.&vi.1,(使)完成弧形2，（使）沿曲线运动；呈曲线形curven.1.曲线，弧线，曲面，弯曲12Curved

adj.1，弧形的；曲线的；呈弯曲状的AlargebullwithcurvedhornsCurvaturen.1.弯曲curvatureofthespine脊椎弯曲2.弯曲部分3.曲率，曲度Curved13tri-“三”trigomometry三角法trigonometricfunction三角函数trigonometricidentity三角恒等式tri-colourPotteryoftheTangDynastytri-“三”14freshmensophomorejuniorseniorfreshmen15estaten.1.住宅区，工业区，工厂区2,（通常指农村的）大片私有土地，庄园Thisisateaestate.3,个人财产；（尤指）遗产HeownsalargeestateinScotland.4,不动产权，地产权，财产权5,（人生的）阶段，状况，状态，情况estaten.1.住宅区，工业区，工厂区16cadastren.1,地籍2，土地的位置、面积、质量、权属、利用现状等诸要素关系的总称elevationn.1.提升，提高，晋级2，海拔Thehouseisatanelevationof2000metres.那栋房子位于海拔两千米的高处。3,(建筑物的)正视图;立体图4,高地;高处5,(水平或数量)提高,升高,增加cadastren.1,地籍17plu