科技英语写作中的常用句式课件

科技英语写作中的常用句式

科技英语写作中的常用句式

科学论文中的常用英语句型“指出目的”的句式“限定范围”的句式“说明理论”的句式“描述实验”的句式“介绍方法”的句式“展示结果”的句式“作出评价”的句式科学论文中的常用英语句型“指出目的”的句式学习的必要性科学论文的写作在常用句型、用语方面有一定的规律可循。掌握这些基本规律，写作论文时可收到事半功倍的效果。掌握分类句式用语有利于比较地道、规范的英语表达。掌握分类句式用语有利于写作中的多样化表达。学习的必要性科学论文的写作在常用句型、用语方面有一定的规律可一、“指出目的”的句式指出研究目的句型在英语科学论文中反复出现，这类句型用语比较集中地使用在论文的摘要、引言等部分。指出研究目的的常用表达有：“本文的主要目的……”，“该项工作主要是关于……”，“该项工作的主要目的是……”，“该项研究的主要目的是……”，“该项实验主要是为了……”等等。一、“指出目的”的句式指出研究目的句型在英语科学论文中反复出（1）本文的主要目的是……①Thepurposeofthispaperis…②Theprimarygoalofthisresearchis…③Theintentionofthispaperistosurvey…④Theoverallobjectiveofthisstudyis…⑤Inthispaper,…wasprovided(given，illustrated)⑥Ourgoalhasbeentoprovide…⑦Inthispaper，weaimat…⑧Theemphasisofthisstudyliesin…（1）本文的主要目的是……①Thepurposeof（2）该项工作是关于……

①Thepresentworkisconcernedwiththeprocessesunderlying…②Theaboveworkdealswiththemechanisminvolvedin…③Ourworkatpresentisdevotedtothechangesoccurringin…④Theworkwehavedonebearsontheeffectsproducedby…⑤Theworkwearedoingiscloselyrelatedtothedeliberationsdescribedin…⑥Theworkpresentedinthispaperfocusesonseveralaspectsofthefollowing…（2）该项工作是关于……①Thepresentwor（3）该项工作的主要目的是…

①Thechiefaimofthepresentworkistoinvestigatethefeaturesof…②Themainpurposeofourrecentworkwastoexaminethepropertiesof…③Themajorobjectoftheirfurtherworkwillberesearchintothenatureof…④Ourworkinthisdirectionhasbeenintendedtoprovidesomeinformationabout…⑤Theworkwhichisbeingdonenowisdesignedtofindsomesolutiontotheproblemof…⑥Workofthiskindhasbeenstartedinordertoassesstheroleof…

（3）该项工作的主要目的是…①Thechiefaim（4）该项研究的主要目的是…

①Thechiefaimofthepresentstudyistofindout…②Theprimaryobjectofthisfundamentalresearchwillbetorevealthecauseof…③Themainobjectiveofourinvestigationhasbeentoobtainsomeknowledgeof…④Thestudyof…wasmadeinordertoclarify…⑤Theabovestudyhasbeencarriedouttodetermine…⑥Performingthesestudiestheauthorintendedtoreveal…（4）该项研究的主要目的是…①Thechiefai（5）该项实验主要是为了①Wemadetheseexperimentsinordertoshowacorrelationbetween…②Theauthorattemptedthesetofexperimentwithaviewtodemonstratecertainphenomena…③Experimentson…weremadeinordertomeasuretheamountof…④Experimentsinvolving…havebeencarriedouttodetermine…⑤Experimentsusingthistechniqueare(not)underwaytest(check)…⑥Experimentson…aremadetoanswerthequestionwhether…

（5）该项实验主要是为了①Wemadethesee二、“限定范围”的句式限定主题范围的句式用语，在英文科学论文中常出现在“引言”和“讨论”中。限定主题范围时的常用表达有：“该问题是关于……的研究”，“该问题在……范围之内（外）”，“该问题涉及到……范围”，“该问题可进一步推广到……范围”等等。二、“限定范围”的句式限定主题范围的句式用语，在英文科学论文（1）该问题是关于……的研究①Thisproblemisconcerned(chiefly)withthestudyof…②Theproblemof…deals(largely)withthedeterminationof…③Theproblemtheyhaveadvancedbearsontheelucidationof…④Theproblemtobediscussedinthispaperisrelatedcloselywith…⑤Theproblemdescribedpreviouslywasdirectedtotheexampleof…,whichdiffersfrom…⑥Theproblemunderinvestigationinvolvessomesignificantagreementsanddisagreementsin…（1）该问题是关于……的研究①Thisproblem（2）这是研究……的问题①Theproblemconcernedwiththenatureof…②Theproblemrelatingtotheinfluenceof…③Theproblemwhichdealswiththeroleof…④Theproblemwhichbearsontheeffectof…⑤Theprobleminconnectionwith…⑥Theproblemasmentionedpreviouslyin…（2）这是研究……的问题①Theproblemcon（3）该问题在……范围之内（外）①Theproblemiswithinthescopeof…②Ourproblemliesbeyondtherangeof…③Theproblemyouhavejustoutlinedseemstobeoutsideoftheprovinceof…④Theproblemtheauthorshaveraisedgoesoffthelimitsof…⑤TheproblemIhavereferredtofallswithinthefieldof…⑥Theproblemunderdiscussionisnotwithinthescopeof…（3）该问题在……范围之内（外）①Theproblem（4）该项研究涉及到……范围①Studiesoftheseeffectscover(ed)variousaspectsof…②Investigationson…involve(d)alsospecificsituations.③Ourstudieswiththistechniqueareconfinedtooneparticularaspect.④Morerecentstudiesbythisworkerwerechieflyconcernedwiththeinfluenceof…⑤Theresearchontheconventionaltechniquesexplainswellthephenomenonof⑥Thenewfindingsfromtheexperimentagreetotheresultobtainedin…（4）该项研究涉及到……范围①Studiesofth（5）该研究进一步推广到……范围①Theauthorshaveextendedtheirstudiestosomeotherrelatedspecies.②Wehopetoexpandourinvestigationstoincludeothermaterials.③Theresearchwehavedonedeservesfurtherstudies.④Theinvestigationcarriedoutbytheexpertssuggestsanincreaseoftheapplicationin…⑤Theapproachunderstudypredicatesawiderrangeofapplication.（5）该研究进一步推广到……范围①Theauthors三、“说明理论”的句式说明有理论根据的句式用语，在英语科学论文中常出现在引言、实验描述及讨论等部分。说明理论根据时常用表达如下：“该理论是……提出来的”，“该理论的内容（特点）是……”；“根据该理论，可以得出……”，“该理论认为……”，“应用该理论能（或不能）说明……”等等。三、“说明理论”的句式说明有理论根据的句式用语，在英语科学论（1）该理论是……提出来的①Thetheoryof…wascreated50yearsago②Thetheoryof…wassuggestedtheyearbeforelastyear.③Thetheoryof…wasdevelopedinthe1930’s…④Thetheoryof…waselaboratedintheearly70’s.⑤Thetheoryof…wasproposedlastyear.⑥Thetheoryof…wasadvancedaslongagoasthe1860’s.（1）该理论是……提出来的①Thetheoryof…（2）该理论的内容（特点）是……

①Underlyingthistheoryistheideathat…②Theunderlyingconceptofthistheoryis…③Theunderlyingprincipleofthetheoryisasfollows…④Thisisanalternativetheorythat…⑤Thisisasimilartheorytotheeffectthat…⑥Thisisaworkingtheorywhichisbasedontheideathat…（2）该理论的内容（特点）是……①Underlying（3）根据该理论，可得出……

①AccordingtoB’stheorybothprocessesoccursimultaneously.②AsfollowsfromthetheorybyN,suchsituationsleadto…③Ascanbeseenfromthetheoryandtheoryadvancedby…suchinteractionsarethebasisof…④Inthelightofthetheory,wehavedevelopedavariationmethodtohandlesuchproblems.⑤Basedonthetheory,theauthorhasobtainedsufficientinformationfromrecentexperimentswith…（3）根据该理论，可得出……①Accordingto（4）该理论认为…

①Thekinetictheoryholdsthat…②Thisnewly-developedtheorymaintainsthat…③Thetheoryadvancedby…claimsthat…④Thetheoryof…predictsthat…⑤Theprincipalconceptofthetheoryliesin…⑥Theinvestigatingtheory…（4）该理论认为…①Thekinetictheory（5）应用该理论（不）能说明……

①Wecaninterpretthesefindingsintermsoftheabovetheory.②Thetheorydevelopedby…isvalid(invalid)

forotherspecies.③X’stheoryprovedtobetrueforallstepsof…④Thesefindingscanbeinterpretedintermsoftheabovetheory.⑤Suchphenomenacannotbeexplainedonthebasisofthistheory.⑥Thetheorycan(not)applytoothercasesof…（5）应用该理论（不）能说明……①Wecaninte四、“描述实验”的句式描述实验过程的句式用语，顾名思义常用在与实验有关的段落之中。描述实验情况时的常用表达为“该项实验具体包括……”，“到……，从未有过该项实验研究”，“进行该项实验，以便检验……”，“该项实验证实（未能证实），……”等等。四、“描述实验”的句式描述实验过程的句式用语，顾名思义常用在（1）某项实验（所用设备）包括……

①Theexperimentconsistedofthreesteps,whicharedescribedinTable3.②Thetestequipmentwhichwasusedconsistedoffiveforce-measuringtransducersandtworecordinginstrumentsfurnishedby…③Includedintheexperimentwereahigh-pressurevesselassembly,2UA–3uraniumanalyzers,andacomplete100×50×50cmsoilbin.④Allhigh-pressurehydrogencreeprupturetestswerecarriedoutinspeciallydesignedhighpressureequipmentratedat…

（1）某项实验（所用设备）包括……①Theexperi（2）到……，从未有过某方面的实验

①Anexperimentofthekindhasnotbeenmade.②Thekindofexperimentyouhaveinmindhasneverbeencarriedoutuntilnow.③Thekindofexperimentyoumentionedwouldnotbeundertakeninthenearfuture.④Sofarwehavenotperformedanyexperimentofthiskind.⑤Untilnowtheauthorshavenotattemptedanyfieldexperimentsof…⑥…However,nodirectexperimentalmeasurementsofthishavebeenreported.（2）到……，从未有过某方面的实验①Anexperim（3）进行该项实验，以检验……

①We(have)carriedoutseveralsetsofexperimentstotestthevalidityof…②Theyundertookmanyexperimentstosupportthehypothesiswhich…③Weinitiatedexperimentstoprove…④Theyhaveundertakenspecialexperimentstodisprove…⑤Anumberofexperimentswereperformedtocheck…⑥Manystudieshavetobeattemptedtoverify…

（3）进行该项实验，以检验……①We(have)ca（4）某项实验证实（未能证实）……

①ExperimentsbyMandhisassociates(have)showed…②Recentexperimentsinthisarea(have)suggestedthat…③Thepresentseriesofexperiments(have)indicate(d)that…④Theexperimentsreportedhere(have)demonstrate(d)⑤Theseexperimentsinvolving…confirm(ed)ourevidencethat…⑥Ourexperimentswith…failedtoprove…（4）某项实验证实（未能证实）……①Experiment五、“介绍方法”的句式介绍研究（实验）方法的句式用语，在英语科学论文中常见于摘要（资料型摘要）、引言、实验描述及建议等部分。介绍研究方法时的常用表达如：“该方法首先由……发明（使用）”，“该方法与其他方法有……差别”，“应用该方法可以进行……工作”，“该方法称为……”，“使用该方法已获得……”等。五、“介绍方法”的句式介绍研究（实验）方法的句式用语，在英语（1）该方法首先由……发明（利用）①Themethodof…wasfirstdevelopedbyN.②Themethodof…wasfirstappliedbyB.③Themethodof…wasfirstusedbyAintheearlyXXthcentury.④Themethodof…wasfirstbroughtintousedbyC.⑤Themethodof…cameintouseaslongagoas1920.⑥Theoriginalproposalofthismethodwasfirstmadeandpublishedin1963.（1）该方法首先由……发明（利用）①Themethod（2）该方法与其他方法有……差别①Themethodof…doesnotdifferatalltheroutineone②Themethodofweusediffersgreatlyfromtheoneusedearlier.③Themethodtheydevelopedissomewhatdifferentfromtheconventionalone.④Thenewtechniqueisquitedifferentfromtheoldone.⑤Thenewly-elaboratedtechniquehassomething(nothing,little)incommonwiththeonepreviouslyused.⑥Themethodofderivingaprogramdescribedherediffersfrompreviouspracticeinthat…（2）该方法与其他方法有……差别①Themethod（3）应用该方法可以进行……工作①Themethodallowsustodemonstrate…②Thistechniqueenablesustoobserve…③Theaboveproceduremakesitpossibletodefect…④Thismethodiscapableofproviding…⑤Bythemethodweareabletoinvestigatetheinsightof…⑥Themethodprovestobeusefulin…（3）应用该方法可以进行……工作①Themethod（4）该方法可称为（描述为）…

①Themethodusedisknownas…②Thetechniqueweappliedisreferredtoas…③Theprocedurethefollowedcanbebrieflydescribedas…④Theapproachadoptedextensivelyiscalled…⑤Sincethemethodwasfirstputinuse,wemightaswellnameitas…（4）该方法可称为（描述为）…①Themethodu（5）用该方法已获得……

①Wehaveobtainedthisinformationfromrecentexperimentswith…②DetailedinformationhasbeenacquisitedbytheauthorsusingX-rayanalysis.③Theresearcheshaverecordedvaluabledatausingthenewly-developedmethod.④Theexpertsintheresearchcenteraresatisfactorywiththeexperimentalresultsachievedbytheapplicationof…（5）用该方法已获得……①Wehaveobtain六、“展示结果”的句式展示研究结果的句式用语，在英语科学论文中常见于摘要、实验结果、结果与讨论及结论等部分。展示研究结果时常用的表达有：“该项研究结果说明了……”，“根据该项研究结果可以得出……”，“该项工作提供了……结果”，“该项实验取得了……结果”，“……概括了该项结果”等。六、“展示结果”的句式展示研究结果的句式用语，在英语科学论文（1）该项研究说明（指出、揭示）了……

①Thestudieswehaveperformedshow(ed)thattheseparticlesareresponsiblefor…②Theirstudieshaveconfirmedtheopinionthat…③Wecarriedoutseveralstudieswhichhavedemonstratedthatthesubstanceactson…④Theresearchwehavedonesuggestsanincreasein…⑤Theinvestigationcarriedoutby…hasrevealednoresistanceof…⑥Ourresearchhassupportedtheassumptionthat…（1）该项研究说明（指出、揭示）了……①Thestud（2）根据该项实验结果可得出……

①Morerecentexperimentsinthisarealeadustoconcludethatthephenomenonisrelatedto…②Mostrecentexperimentstothesameeffecthaveledtheauthorstobelievethatthemechanismisoutofaction.③Furtherexperimentsinthisareahaveenabledtheseworkerstosuggestthat…④Asaresultofourexperiments,weconcludedthat…⑤Fromourexperiments,theauthorscametorealizethat…⑥Fromtheseexperimentsonecanconcludethat…

（2）根据该项实验结果可得出……①Morerecent（3）该项工作提供了（没有得出）……结果

①Thisfruitfulworkgivesexplanationof…②Theirfundamentalworkprovidessomeknowledgeof…③Theauthor’spioneerworkhascontributedtoourpresentunderstandingof…④Thisjointworkofmanyyearshasledtofurtherprogressin…⑤Ourintegratedworkofthepastfewyearsaddstoourcurrentconceptof…⑥Theresearchworkhasbroughtaboutadiscoveryof…

（3）该项工作提供了（没有得出）……结果①Thisfr（4）该项实验（没有）取得……结果①Someresultsof…areobtainedintheexperimentwith…②Sufficientresultfor…hasbeenobservedwiththenewmethod…③Furtherprogresscanbeprovidedbytheseexperiments…④Noclearadvancementhas(sofar)beenseein…⑤Nodirectoutcomewasthenreportedin…⑥Nosuchfindingcouldbeavailablein…⑦Nofurtherresultcanbefoundwiththattechnique.

（4）该项实验（没有）取得……结果①Someresul（5）某图表总结了从……得到的……结果

①Figure3showstheresultsobtainedformstudiesof…②Table5presentsthedataprovidedbytheexperimentson…③Thistablesum