复习不定式的被动语态课件

Unit2RobotsUnit2Robots复习动词不定式的被动语态复习动词不定式的被动语态一.复习被动语态

英语动词有主动语态和被动语态两种形式.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；如:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁的时候,或强调动作的承受者时。一.复习被动语态

英语动词有主动语态和被动语态两种形式.我们读课文中句子分析被动语态的构成1.Ashewasnotallowedtoaccompanyhertotheshops,hewroteoutalistofitemsforher.2.ThewomenwereimpressedbyClaire,thehouseandthedeliciouscuisine.构成:be+动词的过去分词读课文中句子分析被动语态的构成1.Ashewasno一般进行完成现在am/

is/

aregiven过去was/

weregiven将来shall/

willbegiven时式二.常见主被动时态变化一览表am/is/arebeinggivenhas/

havebeengivenwas/werebeinggivenhadbeengivenshall/willhavebeengivene.g.Iamgivenapen.一般进行完成am/is/aregivenwas/★被动语态的基本结构:be+done一般现在/过去时：Thebook____________________.一般/过去将来时:Thebook_________________________.Thebook__________________________.现在/过去进行时：Thebook__________________________.现在/过去完成时:Thebook___________________________.情态动词：Thebook_____________________________.is/waspublishedwill/wouldbepublishedis/wasgoingtobepublishedis/wasbeingpublishedhas/hadbeenpublishedcan/could/may/might…bepublished以

thebook,publish为例★被动语态的基本结构:be+doneis/was1.Mycakes_______(eat)bythedog.2.Theroom________(clean)everyday.3.Hewill______(send)toAfricanextweek.

4.Printing____________(introduce)toEuropefromChina.5.Look!Thereisnothinghere.Everything___________(take)away.wereeaten

iscleaned

besent

wasintroducedhasbeentaken1.Mycakes_______(eat)byth不定式由“________________”构成,其否定形式是“_________”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,在句子中作______、_____、_____、_____、_____、_____或_____结构。不定式没有人称和数的变化,但有_____和_____的变化。独立主语表语宾语宾补定语状语时态语态动词不定式to+do(动词原形)nottodo不定式由“________________”构成,其否定不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般时、完成时、进行时和完成进行时。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般时、完成时、进行形式主动被动一般时进行时完成时完成进行时todotohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone形式主动被动一般时进行时完成时完成当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用_____语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时用_____语态。进行时和完成进行时没有被动语态。主动被动当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用_Toloveandtobelovearethegreatesthappiness.不定式被动语态作___语主______________(encourage)makesmeconfident.TobeencouragedToloveandtobelovearetheItisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.不定式被动语态作___语主形式主语改写:Tobecheatedisadisappointment.______________________________________.Itisadisappointmenttobecheated.ItisanhonourformetobeaAreyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldnextweek?不定式被动语态作_______语后置定1.翻译:即将建成的图书馆位于市中心_________________________________________________________________Thelibrarytobebuiltliesinthecitycenter.AreyougoingtothemeetingtShehatestobecheated.不定式被动语态作___语宾翻译:它拒绝被吃掉_________________________Itrefusestobeeaten.Shehatestobecheated.不定式被动语常接不定式做宾语的动词速记口诀：三个希望两答应：______________________________________

两个要求莫拒绝：______________________________________设法学会做决定：____________________________________不要假装在选择：____________________________________hope,wish,want,agree,promisedemand,ask,refusemanage,learn,decidepretend,choose常接不定式做宾语的动词速记口诀：hope,wish,wLookatthepictureandcompletethesentences:Thedishesneed___________________.

Themailneeds___________________.The

singer

refused________________.Thehouse__________________.tobewashedtobesenttobephotographed

tobesold(wash)(send)(photograph)(被要求sell)LookatthepictureandcompleAllthegiftsmustbesentimmediatelysoastobereceivedbeforeChristmas.不定式作______语目的状Herushedhometobetoldhisparentshadpassedaway.不定式作______语结果状To

bepraisedbytheteacher,thegirlworksveryhard不定式作______语原因状Heistooyoungtobesenttoschool.不定式作______语结果状AllthegiftsmustbesentimmDaXiong’sdreamistobeadmiredbyothers,especiallyJingXiang.不定式作___语,跟在_________________等词之后表系动词、感官动词1.Theprojectis_____________(complete)bynextmonth.2.Thecleaningis__________(finish)byafternoon.3.Mydreamis_____________(admitted)tothePekingUniversity.tobecompletedtobefinishedtobeadmittedDaXiong’sdreamistobeadmirHeorderthebaggagetobebroughttohisroom.不定式作_________语宾语补足翻译:1.老板要求邮件要在中午前发.________________________________________________________________________2.我看着他被带走。____________________________________Thebossdemandedtheemailtobesentbeforethisafternoon.Isawhimtobetakenaway.HeorderthebaggagetobebroThegirlaskedtobegivenanotherchancetotry.不定式被动语态作_______语复合谓翻译:妇女希望被平等对待。________________________________Womenhopetobetreatedequally.Thegirlaskedtobegivenano1.Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized.2.Shepreferredto

havebeengiven

heavierworktodo.3.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.

不定式有时还可以有完成时的被动式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。1.Itisagoodthingforhim4.Hethoughtitisanhonourto

havebeeninvitedtotheparty.

5.Thebookissaidto

havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

6.Shewasthefirstwomanto

havebeenelectedtosuchapost.

complexpredicate4.Hethoughtitisanhonour1.试比较。

1.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Ihavealettertosend.2.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Doyouhaveanylettertobesent.※当句子主语与逻辑主语为一致时，______用主动形式表被动；当句子主语与逻辑主语不一致时，_________用主动形式表被动可以不可以1.试比较。※当句子主语与逻辑主语为一致时，___1.Ihavealotofword______(say).2.---Secretary:Doyouhaveanyletter__________(type).---Boss:No,notyet.tosaytobetyped1.Ihavealotofword______2.在therebe结构中。

Thereisalotofhomeworktodo.Thereisnotimetowaste.翻译:没有什么吃的。________________________________Thereisnothingtoeat.2.在therebe结构中。翻译:没有什么吃的3.在“…be+adj+todo”结构中。常用的形容词有easy,difficult,hard,impossible,nice,pleasant,light,heavy,interesting,important,expensive,cheap,fit,dangerous等。翻译：爬墙很危险。____________________________e.g.Englishishardtolearn.Wallsaredangeroustoclimb.3.在“…be+adj+todo”结构中。常用4.在“too…to…/enough…to…”结构中。Theproblemistoodifficulttoworkout.Thehouseisbigenoughtolivein.翻译：她太小而不能被送去学校。____________________________Sheistooyoungtosendtoschool.4.在“too…to…/enough…to翻译:许多工作要做,我无法去电影院。____________________________________________________________5.在“with+n.+todo”结构中。Withnothingtodo,helayinbed.Withalotofworkstodo,Ican’tgotothecinema.翻译:许多工作要做,我无法去电影院。5.在“with+一般现在时：____________________一般过去时：____________________一般将来时：__________________________________________过去将来时：_____________________现在进行时：______________________过去进行时：______________________现在完成时：______________________过去完成时：______________________将来完成时：______________________am/is/are+donewas/were+donewillbe/shallbe/+donebegoingtobe+donewouldbe+doneam/is/arebeing+donewas/werebeing+donehave/hasbeen+donehadbeen+donewill/shallbeen+done一般现在时：____________________am/1.Myfatherwillrepairmybikeforme.Mybike______________bymyfatherforme.2.Ihavefoundmywallet.Mywallet_________________.3.Shetoldmetowaithereforher.I_________towaithereforher.willberepairedhasbeenfoundwastoldPractice1.Myfatherwillrepairmybi4.Thepolicewillsurelyarrestthemurderer.Themurdererwillsurely__________bythepolice.5.TheyinvitedMr.Greentomakeaspeech.Mr.Green__________tomakeaspeech.bearrestedwasinvited4.Thepolicewillsurelyarre6.Youmustn’ttakethosebooksoutofthereading-room.Thosebooksmustn’t__________outofthereading-room.betaken6.Youmustn’ttakethosebook一般式：被动式：完成被动式：主语宾语表语宾语补足语定语状语tobedonetohavebeendonetodo可做什么成分？主语宾语表语宾补定语状语一般式：被动式：主语tobedonetohavebe6.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式表被动.常用的动词有

let(出租),rent,hire,blame等1.Welostthefootballgame.IfeltIwastoblame.

2.Thehouseistolet．翻译:酒驾的司机为这起车祸负责。____________________________________________________________Thedrunkdriveristoblameforthisaccident6.一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式表被动.常用的动词有7.want/need+v.-ing表示“主语承受动词发出的动作”，表示被动意义。sth.needdoing=needsthtobedonesth.wantdoing=wantsthtobedone_______________________________

翻译:你头发要去理一理了。____________________________________________________________Yourhairneedscuting/Yourhairneedstobecut.Mycarneedsrepairing.=_______________________Mycarneedstoberepaired.必须/需要做某事7.want/need+v.-ing表示“主语承受动8.某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词可以表示被动意义。smelltasteprove无被动，用主动表被动1.Thedishtastesdelicious.2.Thetheoryprovedrightatlast.翻译:这朵花很好闻。______________________________Thisflowersmellsgood.8.某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动smell无被动，用sells此处为不及物动词“销售起来;有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖;出售”。Thiskindofcloth___________.(耐洗)cookwashwritesellread+well（程度副词）Thebookissointerestingthatitsellswell.washeswell翻译:这支刚笔很好写。______________________________Thispenwriteswell.sells此处为不及物动词“销售起来;有销cookwbeg,equal,fail,hold,possess,fit,become,contain,cost,fit,have,lack,suit,take等。ThisnewEnglish-Chinesedictionarycostsmetendollars.9.某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词没有被动语态形式。这类动词有：翻译:从坐飞机到上海要花半个小时。______________________________IttakeshalfanhourtoShanghaibyair.beg,equal,fail,hold,posses战争爆发了。Thewarbrokeout.Thewarwasbrokeout.10.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。翻译:昨晚发生了一场车祸。______________________________Antrafficaccidenthappened.战争爆发了。10.通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及1.Shehates

_______________(laughat)byherclassmates.2.Timrefused____________________(accompany)byhisfathertoschool.3.Shestruggled___________________(understand)bytheFrenchvisitors.tobeaccompaniedtobeunderstoodtobelaughedat1.Shehates_______________4.Thesearetheissues______________(discuss)tomorrow.5.Thenewdrugis___________(test)outon500patientsnextyear.6.Shewasverybeautifulbutshedidn’tlike___________(envy)byallthegirlsshemet.tobetestedtobeenviedtobediscussed4.Thesearetheissues______GooverthepassivevoiceGooverthepassivevoice一般现在时：____________________1)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

2)Iamaskedtogetupearlyeveryday.3)ThebooksarewrittenbyLuXun.am/is/are+done一般现在时：____________________一般过去时：____________________Thesecomputers

weremade

inourowncountry.一般将来时：_____________________Shallwe

beaskedtoattendtheopeningceremony?was/were+donewill/shallbe+done一般过去时：____________________was过去将来时：_____________________Thenews

wouldbesenttothesoldier’smotherassoonasitarrived.wouldbe+given现在进行时：________________________

Themachineisbeingrepairedintheworkshop.am/is/arebeing+done过去将来时：_____________________wou过去进行时：________________________Thefeast

wasbeingprepared

whenthebirdsarrivedinthesky.现在完成时：________________________Greatprogress

hasalsobeenmade

incultureandeducation.was/werebeing+donehave/hasbeen+done过去进行时：________________________过去完成时：_________________

Thehugebridge

hadbeendamaged

beforetheWorldWarⅡ.将来完成时：_________________________Thebook

willhavebeenpublished

bytheendofnextmonth.hadbeen