人教选修8-Unit2-Cloning-Where-is-it-leading-us-课件

高二人教新课标版选修八Unit2CloningReadingClone?NaturalcloneMan-madecloneNaturalcloneisonethatoccursfromthe“parent”inanaturalformofcloningwithouthumanhelp.Man-madecloneisoneproducedthroughhumanintervention(介入).

awayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.Inpairs,lookatthefourpicturesanddiscuss:whichonesarenaturalcloneswhichonesareman-made.Thinkabouthowtheydiffer.WarmingupDollythesheepman-madeclonenaturalcloneAstrawberryplantGrowingnewplant.man-madecloneTwinsnaturalcloneInpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning.Thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout.Shareyourlistswithoneanother.

Pre-reading

1.Whatisaclone?Acloneisananimaloraplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit.2.Howisacloneproduced？Thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy.Itcanbedonebytakingcuttings(man-madecloning)orlettingtheplantproduceitsownrunners(naturalcloning).Thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.Itwasnotachieveduntil1996andisfullyexplainedinthefirstreading.3.Whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning？Medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnessesthatruinone’squalityoflife(suchasParkinson’sdiseaseorAlzheimer’sdisease).Itcanhelpinfertilepeoplehavebabies.4.Whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned?Peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever.Peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren.Peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavouritepets.ReadingCloning:Whereisitleadingus?SkimmingThemainideaofthetextis____A.animalcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworld.B.animalcloningcouldbemisusedbybadpeoplesoitmustbeforbiddenC.animalcloningiswelldevelopedbecauseDollythesheepwasborn.D.animalcloningraisedargumentsandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfuture.SkimmingA.Twomajorusesandtheprocedureofcloning.B.Cloningisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.C.TheeffectofDollythesheep.D.Itisforbiddentoclonehumanbeings.E.TheproblemofDollythesheep.Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5_______________(meaning)_________________________Trueorfalse:1.Cloningmeansmakingacopyofananimaloraplant.2.Gardenerscanmakealotofmoneybycloningplants.3.Cloninganimalsisascomplicatedascloningplants.FTFTT4.Dollythesheepwasthefirstsuccessfulcloneofamammal.5.Naturalcloneshappeninanimalsaswellasinplants.1.Whatisthemaintopic?A.Cloning. B.Dollythesheep.C.Itwillleadustosomeplaces.2.Whatisthewritingstyle?A.Expositive(说明性的). B.Descriptive.C.Argumentative(议论性的).A

A

Scanning3.Dollythesheep_____.A.lookedexactlylikethesheepthatprovidestheegg.B.wastheexactcopyofthesheepthatprovidesthenucleus.C.lookedlikethesheepthatgavebirthtoit.D.hadthecharacteristicsofallthreesheep.B

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

aclonedanimal_____.

A.usuallylivesaslongastheoriginalone

B.usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginalone

C.usuallydiesearlierthantheoriginalone

D.isusuallyashealthyastheoriginaloneC

5.Whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofcloning?A.Cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes.B.Largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning.C.Cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct.D.Famouspersonswhohavepassedawaycanbecloned.D

6.Theword“controversial”inpara4probablymeans____________.A.complicated

B.arguable

C.importantD.necessary7.WhichstatementisNOTtrue?A.Cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedquiterecently.B.Twinsthatlookexactlythesameareoriginallyfromthesameegg.C.Cloningisusedbygardenerstomakemoremoney.D.Animalcloningismuchmoredifficultthanplantcloning.A

8.ThecloningofDollythesheepsucceededbecause_____.A.itseasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsB.thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatienceC.thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyD.manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailedB9.ThelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepB

because_____.A.itprovidestheeggcellB.itgivesbirthtothelambC.itprovidesthenucleusD.itisafemalesheep10.Thesheepthatdonatedthesomaticcellmostprobablylived____years.A.3B.6C.9D.13CD

11.Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat_____.A.thenormaldevelopmentofDollyhadnoeffectonthecloningofotherspecies.B.Dolly’sseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworld.C.Dollysuccessfullyclonedanewlambwiththehelpofcloningscientists.D.therewereargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning.DIthappensbothin________andin

_______.Theycanbeclonedby__________and________.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural

cloneMan-made

clonePara1:ThedefinitionofcloningCarefulreading

1.Howmanymajorusesdocloninghave?

Firstly,…commercial…Secondly,…research…2.Howmanyfemalesheepparticipateinthecloningofanewsheep?3.WhenwasthecloningofDollythesheepborn?3Para2:Themajorusesandproceduresofcloning1996AboutDollythesheepEncouragingnews:Dollydeveloped__________.Disturbingnews:normally

Dollylivedforsixandahalfyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalone.Para3:TheproblemsofDollyTheword“controversial”inPara4probablymeans________.A.complicatedB.arguableC.important

Para4:TheimpactofDollyB

Trueorfalse:1.PeoplefearedthatClonedHitlerswoulddoharmtotheworld.2.Alltheresearchintohumanbeingswillbeforbidden.3.Somecountrieswillusecloninginawiseway.Para5:People’sreactiontocloningManygovernmentsforbaderesearchintohumanbeings.T

TF

1Readthepassageandanswerthesequestions.Comprehending

1.Whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning?

Thefirstuseistoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.Thesecondistoresearchonnewplantsspeciesanddomedicalresearchonanimals.2.Whyisiteasiertomakecommercial

plantclonesthananimalclones?Cloningplantsisstraightforward,butthecloningofanimalsisverycomplicated.3.Whatwasthefirstclonefromanadult

animal?Atwhatagedidthisclonedie?

4.Whyiscloningcontroversialinsome

countries?

ThefirstclonefromanadultanimalwasDollythesheep.Shediedin2003attheageof6andahalf.Cloningiscontroversialinsomecountries

formoralandreligiousreasons.ProblemsordangersofcloningAdvantagesofcloningAnimalsmayDeveloptheillnessesofolderanimals.Fillinthechart.Medicalcloningcouldproducecuresforseriousillnessesinhumans.

AnimalclonesmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimalsEvilleadermaywanttoclonethemselves.Therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings.Cloningplantscanproduceplantsofsimilarqualityforsale.Cloningplantscanbeusefulforresearchonnewplantspecies.Cloningcanhelpsaveendangeredanimals.3Whatdoyouthinkisthewriter’spointofviewinthisreadingpassage?Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit?

Ithinkthewriterisbecauseimpartialhe/shedoesnotstateanypersonalopinionaboutcloning.

Practiceactivity:DebateＶＳAreyouinfavorofcloningoragainstcloning?Whatisyourpointofviewonit?Asacoinhastwosides,everythinghastwoaspects.First,ifthecloningisusedinacorrectwayitcanbringmanyconveniencestous.Suchas:curingseriousillnessesandbeingusedtoproducecommercialqualitiesofplants.Ontheotherhand,ifthecloningisusedinanevilwayitcancausemuchtroubles:suchasmoralquestions.Thankyou!AneggcellThenucleusTheeggcell

AsomaticcellThenucleusistakenoutofthesomaticcellThenucleusTheyarejoinedThecelldividesandgrowsintoanembryo

ThecarrierPutintoThelambisthecloneofFemalesheepAFemalesheepBSheepBFemalesheepCgenesProcedureofCloningaSheep1.Thishappensinplantswhengardenerstake…whentwinsidenticalinsexand…1)“whengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones,…whentwinsidenticalin…是两个时间状语从句。when引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作。

Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp_____itisneeded.

(03,全国)

A.unless

B.since

C.although

D.whenLanguagepointsD

2)happen

vi.occurbychance;takeplace(偶然地)发生;出现happentodo…happentosb.Ithappenedthat…

happeningn.

事件;偶然发生的事(常用复数)辨析:happen,occur,takeplace与comeabout四词都有“发生”之意,但有区别。happen

是一般用语,词义较广,强调事情

发生的偶然性;occur

用法较正式,既可以指自然发生,也

可以指有意安排。碰巧(某人)发生什么事了碰巧1)Whendidtheexplosion________?2)Importantelections_______thisfall.3)Theconcertwill___________nextSunday.4)Howdidthequarrel___________?occurtake

placecome

abouthappenUsetheabovewordstofillintheblanks.takeplace一般指有计划,按事先安排的

进行的含义。come

about

往往注重事情发生的原因,常

与how连用。以上四组词均为不及物动词,无被动语态。2.straightforward

adj.

简单的,易懂的，

坦诚的,坦率的straightforwardly

adv.率直地,坦诚地straightforwardness

n.

率直Jackisrough,butalwaysstraightforward.Installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward.Sheadmiredhisstraightforwardness.3.undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)

着手做,从事,进行;担任,承担,答应,同意。Theprocedureisdifficulttoundertake,ofcourse.当然,这个过程很难实施。Thescientistundertakestheexperiment.科学家从事这项实验。Ican

undertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。完成下列句子。1)Thelawyer

__________anewcase.

那个律师接了一个新的案子。2)Hewill___________________nextmonth(去旅行).3)He________________________.(承担一项新任务)undertookundertookanewtaskundertakeajorney4.payoff(事业、计划等)成功;付清薪水并

解雇;偿还(债务等)。Atlastthedeterminationandpatienceofscientistspaid

off…

最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报……Hepaid

offthecrewoftheship.

他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。Intheendhepaid

offallhisdebts.

最终他还清了所有的债务。payback报答;报复用介词back,off,to,填空：1)--Youreffortissuretopay_____.--Thankyouforyourencouragement.2)Thesupermarket_____whichhehadeverpaidavisit,wasburnttotheground.3)HowcanIpayyou______forallyourkindness?4)Well,aftertheseyears,we’veatlastpaid______allourdebts.

offtobackoffcontainv.

包含,含有2)neededtoproduceanewsheep

为过去分词

短语作后置定语,修饰其前面的名词genes,

构成动宾搭配关系。5.Thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenes

neededtoproduceanewsheep.

这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的

必需的基因。辨析:contain与include

contain“包含,含有”,侧重于包含的内容或

成分,“里面装有”;include“包括”,侧重范围或整体。e.g.1)Whisky________alargepercentageofalcohol.2)Thebook_________fortymaps,_________threeofGreatBritain.containscontainsincluding6.ThenucleusfromsheepBandtheeggcellfromsheepAarejoined

using

electricity.

从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出

的卵细胞用电流使之结合。1)using

electricity

为现在分词短语作方式状语。2)联手,携手

参加活动

和某人一起做事

参军,连起来join

handsjoininsth./doingsth

joinsb.insth.joinuptakepartin

指参加某项活动,并以积极的态度

在所参加的活动中起作用；join“加入”团体或组织；join

in

指参加活动和游戏；joinsb.insth.

和某人一起做某事；attend

参加会议(听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼)辨析:takepartin,join,joinin与attend7.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.多莉看来是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。

“thatsheseemedtodevelopnormally”是同位语从句。同位语从句可由when/where/how/why/that/whether等词引导。先行词多半是idea/fact/news/hope/belief/thought/doubt/question等。同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后,用以说明抽象名词的具体内容,有时为了保持句子的平衡,同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。如:Soonword

camethatwewon.

8.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。

本句中,副词then放于句首,主语是名词“news”,“thatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill”是同位语从句,句子用了倒装语序。

Inthedarkforests_____,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.(05,辽宁)

A.standmanylakes

B.liemanylakes

C.manylakeslie

D.manylakesstandB

disturbingadj.Thenewsfromthefrontisverydisturbing.

来自前线的消息令人极为不安。

disturbvt.

扰乱,使不安,弄乱;disturbedadj.

被扰乱的,动乱的,不安的；disturbingadj.令人不安的。

特别提示:

现在分词表示:令人怎么样

过去分词表示:被使得怎么样,感到怎么样如:aninterestingstory令人感兴趣的故事aninterestedlook感到兴趣的表情surprisedpeople(感到)惊奇的人们用disturb,disturbing,disturbed填空。1)I’mvery__________aboutAlice.2)Don’t_______thepapersonmydesk.3)Thiscountryisina__________state.4)What__________newsitis!5)Alightwind_________thesurfaceofthewater.

disturbeddisturbdisturbingdisturbingdisturbed9.castdown使沮丧;毁掉(常用于被动语态或作表语)CloningScientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.克隆科学家沮丧地发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。不要这么沮丧,打起精神来！Don’tbesocast

down.Justkeepupyourspirits.cast

away

丢弃

cast

off

放弃;丢弃cast

out

赶走1)

听到这个消息他很沮丧。___________________________________2)

发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。_____________________________________Hewascastdowntohearthenews.Findingoutthetruthmadehimcastdown.将下列句子译成英语。10.altogether和alltogether及together1)altogether

adv.

总共,完全地,总之,总而言之Youoweme68RMBaltogether.Yourworkisaltogetherperfect.2)all

together

全部在同一地方或同一时间Canyouputyourbooksalltogetherinthisbox?3)together

adv.

在一起,共同地Allhistroubleseemedtocometogether.He’sbad-tempered,selfishand_______anunpopularman.A.thereforeB.altogetherC.otherwiseD.anyhowB

11.objectv.&objectionn.反对,不赞成Ontheotherhand,Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.另一方面,多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对，激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。Ifeelastrongobjection

togettingupearly.我极不愿意早起。Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow?你反对我打开窗子吗?objectvi.Weobject

tobeingtreatedlikethis.我们抗议这种待遇。Iobject

totheplan.我反对这项计划。object

vt.Iobjectthatheistooyoungtotakethatposition.我提出反对意见:他太年轻不适合那个职位。

objectto(doing)sth.object+that从句objection是名词,常与have,take,feel等连用have/take/feelobjectionto(doing)sth.即时练习:句型转换Haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow?=Wouldyou___________myopeningthewindow?(2)takeobjectiontosmoking.=I__________smoking.(3)“Butheistooyoung,”sheargued.=She________thathewastooyoung.objecttoobject

toobjected12.Itsuddenlyopenedeveryone’s

eyes

to

thepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillness,andeventoproducehumanbeings.突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病,甚至克隆出人的可能性。

本句中of和后面的动名词结构构成介词短语作定语,修饰前面的名词possibility.注意介词后出现动名词或动名词的复合结构时,一定要把握好动名词主动与被动形式的变化。Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(07,全国II)A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosed

C.beingopenedandclosed

D.toopenandclose

C[解析]答案C。题意为:开始上课时,开关课桌的声音在教室外都能够听到。本题考查动名词的用法。thenoise是句中主语,of后应接动名词复合结构,desks是逻辑主语,因为“课桌”与“开关”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故须用动名词的被动形式beingopenedandclosed。13.attain

vt.

获得(尤其指经过努力)达到(年龄,水平,状况等)Heattianedsuccessthroughhardwork.Heattainedtheageof25beforemarriaging.比较：obtain

vt.(经买,借,拿等)获得,得到某物Healwaysmanagestoobtainwhathewants.WherecanIobtainacopyofherlatestbooks?14.forbidvt.(forbade;forbidden)禁止,不许,妨碍,阻止

Governmentsbecamenervousandmanyforbaderesearchintohumanclothing.政府开始感到不安,有许多政府禁止对克隆的研究。Smokingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces.公共场所应禁止吸烟。Herfatherforbidhertogooutalone.她父亲不许她单独外出。Iforbidyouentering

mystudy.我不许你进入我的书房。forbidsb.todo/forbidsb.fromdoingsth.

禁止某人做某事

forbidsth.

禁止某事

与forbid结构相同的词有：

permitsbtodo/permitdoingsth允许某人做某事/允许做某事；

allowsb.todo/allowdoingsth允许某人做某事/允许做某事；

advisesb.todo/advisedoingsth.

建议某人做某事/建议做某事1)Theschool____________________________(禁止学生吸烟).2)Heisforbiddento_______________(进入这个房间).3)Therearelawsinsomecountrieswhichforbidadvertisements__atinappropriatetimesandplaces.

A.beingshown

B.shown

C.show

D.tohaveshown

4)Attheconferencehewasforbidde