敦煌莫高窟(英文课件介绍)

Doyouknowthosephotos？？？Whereisit？Followmeplease!!!Doyouknowthosephotos？？？Whe1

版权所有仅供参考------------孤夜寒飞

MogaoCaves莫高窟版权所有仅供参考MogaoC225km敦煌市东南部25公里处，鸣沙山上25km敦煌市东南部25公里处，鸣沙山上3MogaoCaves（莫高窟）The

MogaoCaves

or

MogaoGrottoes

(

莫高窟),alsoknownasthe

CavesoftheThousand

Buddhas

(千佛洞),formasystemof492temples25

kmsoutheastofthecenterof

Dunhuang,anoasis（绿洲）

strategically（战略上）locatedatareligiousandculturalcrossroadsonthe

SilkRoad（丝绸之路）,in

Gansu

province,

China.Thecavesmayalsobeknownasthe

DunhuangCaves,however,thistermalsoincludeotherBuddhistcavesitesintheDunhuangarea,suchastheWesternThousandBuddhaCaves,andtheYulinCaves

fartheraway.Thecavescontainsomeofthefinestexamplesof

Buddhistart（佛教艺术）

spanningaperiodof1,000years.

MogaoCaves（莫高窟）The

MogaoCave4敦煌石窟敦煌石窟中国甘肃敦煌一带的石窟总称。包括敦煌莫高窟、西千佛洞、榆林窟、东千佛洞及肃北蒙古族自治县五个庙石窟等敦煌石窟敦煌石窟中国甘肃敦煌一带的石窟总称。包括敦煌莫高窟、5Thefirstcavesweredugout366ADasplacesofBuddhistmeditationandworship.TheMogaoCavesarethebestknownofthe

ChineseBuddhistgrottoesand,alongwith

LongmenGrottoes（龙门石窟）

and

YungangGrottoes（云冈石窟）,areoneofthethreefamousancientBuddhistsculpturalsitesofChina敦煌莫高窟(英文ppt课件介绍)6中国三大石窟

LongmenGrottoesYungangGrottoes

MogaoGrottoes中国三大石窟

LongmenGrottoesYungang7敦煌莫高窟敦煌莫高窟8History

Dunhuangwasestablishedasafrontier（边界）garrison(要塞）outpostbytheHanDynasty

EmperorWudi

toprotectagainstthe

Xiongnu

in111BC.ItalsobecameanimportantgatewaytotheWest,acentreofcommerce（商业）alongthe

SilkRoad（丝绸之路）,aswellasameetingplaceofvariouspeopleandreligionssuchas

Buddhism（佛教）

History

9TheconstructionoftheMogaoCavesnearDunhuangisgenerallytakentohavebegunsometimeinthefourthcenturyAD.AccordingtoabookwrittenduringthereignofTang

EmpressWu,

FokanJi

(佛龕记)byLiJunxiu(李君修),aBuddhist（佛教的）monk（和尚）namedLèZūn(樂尊)hadavisionofathousand

Buddhas

(佛陀）bathedingoldenlightatthesitein366AD,inspiringhimtobuildacavehere.敦煌莫高窟(英文ppt课件介绍)10Thestoryisalsofoundinothersources,suchasininscriptions（碑文）ona

stele（石碑）

incave332,anearlierdateof353ADhoweverwasgiveninanotherdocument.HewaslaterjoinedbyasecondmonkFaliang(法良),andthesitegraduallygrew,bythetimeofthe

NorthernLiang（北凉）

asmallcommunityofmonkshadformedatthesite.Membersoftherulingfamilyof

NorthernWei

and

NorthernZhou

constructedmanycaveshere,anditflourished（兴盛）intheshort-lived

SuiDynasty.Bythe

TangDynasty,thenumberofcaveshadreachedoverathousand.Thestoryisalsofoundinoth11DuringtheTangDynasty,Dunhuanghadbecamethemainhubofcommerce（主要的商业中心）oftheSilkRoadandamajorreligiouscentre.AlargenumberofthecaveswereconstructedatMogaoduringthisera（年代）,includingthetwolargestatuesofBuddha/[‘budə]/（佛像）atthesite,thelargestoneconstructedin695followinganedict(法令，布告）ayearearlierbyTangEmpress

WuZetian（武则天）

tobuildgiant（巨大的）statuesacrossthecountry.ThesiteescapedthepersecutionofBuddhistsorderedby

EmperorWuzong

in845asitwasthenunderTibetancontrol.Asafrontiertown,Dunhuanghadbeenoccupiedatvarioustimesbyothernon-HanChinesepeople..DuringtheTangDynasty,Dunhu12AftertheTangDynasty,thesitewentintoagradualdecline(衰落）,andconstructionofnewcavesceased（中断）entirelyafterthe

YuanDynasty.Islam（伊斯兰教）hadconquered（战胜，征服；攻克）muchofCentralAsia,andtheSilkRoaddeclined（衰退）inimportancewhentradingvia（通过）sea-routesbegantodominate/[‘dɔmineit]/（控制）ChinesetradewiththeoutsideworldAftertheTangDynasty,thesi13DuringtheMingDynasty,theSilkRoadwasfinallyofficiallyabandoned,andDunhuangslowlybecamedepopulated（人口减少）andlargelyforgottenbytheoutsideworld.MostoftheMogaocaveswereabandoned,thesitehoweverwasstillaplaceofpilgrimage（/[‘pilɡrimidʒ]/朝圣之地）andusedasaplaceofworship（朝拜）bylocalpeopleatthebeginningofthetwentiethcenturywhentherewasrenewedinterestinthesite.DuringtheMingDynasty,theS14Caves

Thecaveswerecutintothesideofacliff（悬崖；绝壁）whichisclosetotwokilometerslong.AtitsheightduringtheTangDynasty,thereweremorethanathousandscaves,butovertime,manyofthecaveswerelost,includingtheearliestcaves

735cavescurrentlyexistinMogao,thebest-knownonesarethe487caveslocatedinthesouthernsectionofthecliffwhichareplacesofpilgrimage（朝拜）andworshipCaves

Thecave15

248caveshavealsobeenfoundtothenorthwhichwerelivingquarters（住处）,meditationchambers（冥想室）andburialsites（土葬）forthemonks.Thecavesatthesouthernsectionaredecorated,whilethoseatthenorthernsectionaremostlyplain（朴素）.

248caveshavealsobeenfoun16Thecavesareclustered（聚合）togetheraccordingtotheirera,withnewcavesfromanewdynastybeingconstructedindifferentpartofthecliffThecavesareclustered（聚合）to17

Murals（壁画；壁饰

）Themuralsonthecavesspannedalongperiodofhistory,fromthe5thtothe14thcenturyThemuralsarelargelyofBuddhisttheme,somehoweverareoftraditionalmythical[‘miθikəl]themes（传统神话主题）andportraits（画像）ofpatrons（赞助人）Murals（壁画；壁饰）Themur18EarlymuralsshowedastrongIndianandCentralAsianinfluenceinthepaintingtechniquesused

EarlymuralsshowedastrongI19AdistinctDunhuangstyle（截然不同的的敦煌风格）howeverbegantoemerge（浮现）duringNorthernWeiDynastyAdistinctDunhuangstyle（截然不20themuralsoftheMogaoCavesthemuralsoftheMogaoCaves21XuanzangperformingceremoniesfortheBuddha

敦煌壁画中的唐僧礼佛图Xuanzangperformingceremonies22Cave409,WesternXia

Cave409,WesternXia23WorshippingBodhisattva,cave285,WeiDynasty.

Dancer,cave220,earlyTangDynasty.

WorshippingBodhisattva,24WifeofDunhuangrulerCaoYanlu

Cave61,FiveDynasties.WifeofDunhuangrulerCaoYan25LateTangThemuralcommemorating（纪念）victoryofZhangYichaoovertheTibetans

Cave156LateTangThemuralcommemorat26Banditattacks强盗袭击Banditattacks27Bodhisattvas菩萨[bəudi'sʌtvə]Worshipping（朝拜)Bodhisattva,cave285,WeiDynasty.Bodhisattvas菩萨Worshipping（朝28Thetravelof

ZhangQian

totheWestThetravelof

ZhangQian

toth29Sakyamuni释迦牟尼['sɑ:kjəmuni]Sakyamuni释迦牟尼['sɑ:kjəmuni]30最大的壁画—《五台山图》宋代长13.45米高3.42米最大的壁画—《五台山图》宋代长13.45米高31飞天壁画飞天壁画32Sculptures（雕塑；雕像）Therearearound2,400survivingclaysculpturesatMogao.Thesewerefirstconstructedonawoodenframe（框架）,paddedwithreed,thenmodelled（模型）inclaystucco（粘土）,andfinishedwithpaintTheearlysculptureswerebasedonIndianandCentralAsian（中亚）prototypes（原型）

withsomein

Greco-Indian

（印度希腊王国）styleof

Gandhara（古印度）.OvertimethesculpturesshowedmoreChineseelements（中国元素）andbecamegraduallysinicized（中国化）Sculptures（雕塑；雕像）Therearea33敦煌莫高窟佛像（让我们来看看佛像演变）敦煌莫高窟佛像34盛唐的彩塑菩萨天王盛唐的彩塑菩萨天王35菩萨第45窟龛北侧盛唐迦叶第427窟中心柱南龛隋代菩萨第45窟龛北侧盛唐迦叶第427窟中心柱南龛36力士第194窟龛南侧盛唐欢喜金刚力士第194窟龛南侧盛唐欢喜金刚37阿难第45窟龛南侧盛唐427窟佛·菩萨隋阿难第45窟龛南侧盛唐427窟佛·菩萨隋38432窟菩萨.西魏420窟菩萨.隋432窟菩萨.西魏420窟菩萨.隋39419窟菩萨·阿难隋384窟供养菩萨盛唐419窟菩萨·阿难隋384窟供养菩萨盛唐40328窟阿难初唐322窟天王初唐55窟力士宋328窟阿难初唐322窟天王初唐55窟力士4145窟菩萨·阿难盛唐432窟中心柱佛龛西魏45窟菩萨·阿难432窟中心柱佛龛西魏42彩塑一铺第45窟盛唐45窟迦叶盛唐彩塑一铺第45窟盛唐45窟迦叶盛唐4396号窟，俗称九层楼莫高窟第一大佛像