二语习得选修课的课堂课件

Whatdifferencesarethereinthewayinwhichindividuallearnersacquireasecondlanguage?AgeLanguageaptitudeLearningstylesMotivationPersonalitysexSocialfactors:SocialclassAffectivestates:AnxietygeneralfactorsWhatdifferencesaretherein1Agewhatdoyouthinkofbilinggualkindergartens?Cantheybenefitchildren’sSLA?Childrenvs.teenagervs.adults(pronunciation/rate/grammmar)Criticalperiodhypothesis(pronunciation/grammar)1.学习外语的开始年龄并不在很大程度上影响习得的程序，任何年龄开始学习一门外语都有可能获得成功。2.学习外语的起始年龄较明显地影响习得的速度和效率。在语法、词义和词汇方面，少年比儿童和成年人表现得更为出色（如果学习时间相同）3.学习时间长短影响习得的成功程度，而学习起始年龄对将达到的精密程度起着决定作用，尤其是语音方面。（束定芳，庄智象）4.刘润清认为外语学习的最佳开始年龄并非越早越好，而是大约在九岁左右。Agewhatdoyouthinkofbiling2Languageaptitude1.phonimiccoding-encoding语音编码解码能力2.grammarsencitivity语法敏感性3.languageanalyticability归纳性语言学习能力4.memory联想记忆能力Languageaptitude1.phonimicc3Languageaptitude1.phonimiccoding-encoding语音编码解码能力2.grammarsencitivity语法敏感性3.languageanalyticability归纳性语言学习能力4.memory联想记忆能力Languageaptitude1.phonimicc4LearningstylesFielddependence/FieldindependenceoriginReflectivity/impulsivity审慎/冲动Visual/auditory/kinaesthetic/tactileHolistic/analytic...LearningstylesFielddependenc5childrenvs.Adolescents/adults Malesvs.FemalesObject-orientedjobsvs.People-orientedjobsUrban,technologicalsocietiesvs.Rural,agrairansocietiesRigidsocialstructuresvs.FreesocialstructuresGroup-centredpeoplevs.Individualisticpeople childrenvs.Adolescents/adul6FieldindependentFielddependentAdolescents/adultschildrenMalesFemalesObject-orientedjobsPeople-orientedjobsUrban,technologicalsocietiesRural,agrairansocietiesFreesocialstructuresRigidsocialstructuresIndividualisticpeopleGroup-centredpeopleFieldindependentFielddepend7MotivationIntrinsic/extrinsicmotivationIntrinsicmotivationderivesfrominterest.Extrinsicmotivationemphasizesexternalrewardsorpunishements.Intrinsicmotivation:long-termsuccessExtrinsicmotivation:short-termsuccessMotivationIntrinsic/extrinsic8Integrative/instrumentalmotivationIntegrativemotivationinvolvesasincereandpersonalinterestinthepeopleandculturerepresentedbytheotherlanguagegroup.Instrumentalmotivationconcernsthepracticalvalueandadvantagesoflearninganewlanguage.Integrative/instrumentalmotiv9Resultativemotivation:resultofpositivelearningexperiences.Machiavellianmotivation:motivatedtolearnbecauseofnegativeattitudetowardsthetargetlanguagecommunity.Inthiscase,negativefeelingsmayleadtoadesiretomanipulateandovercomethepeopleofthetargetlanguage.Resultativemotivation:result10PersonalityIntrovert/extrovertCALP(CognitiveAcademicLanguageProficiency):formalacademiclearningBICS(BasicInterpersonalCommunicativeSkills):languageskillsneededinsocialsituations---JimCumminsPersonalityIntrovert/extrove11sexverbalfluency.memorizingcomplexforms.computingcompositionalrules.sexverbalfluency.12sexWomenoutperformmenonverbalfluency.Womenbetteratmemorizingcomplexforms.Menbetteratcomputingcompositionalrules.sexWomenoutperformmenonver13Socialfactors:Socialclass:middlevs.workingclassCALP(CognitiveAcademicLanguageProficiency):formalacademiclearningBICS(BasicInterpersonalCommunicativeSkills):languageskillsneededinsocialsituationsSocialfactors:Socialclass:m14AffectivestatesSecure&FreeofstressFear;anger;self-pity;sadness;anxiety,…AffectivestatesSecure&Free15AnxietyTraitanxiety气质型:amorepermanentpredispositiontobeanxious,perhapsbestviewedasanaspectofpersonality.Stateanxiety状态型:apprehensionthatisexperiencedataparticularmomentintimeasaresponsetoadefinitesituation.Itisacombinationoftraitandsituation-specificanxiety.Situation-specificanxiety:arousedbyaspecifictypeofsituationoreventsuchaspublicspeaking,examinations,orclassparticipation.ForeignLanguageAnxiety:communicationapprehension;fearofnegativeevaluation;testsAnxietyTraitanxiety气质型:amo16二语习得选修课的课堂ppt课件17二语习得选修课的课堂ppt课件18二语习得选修课的课堂ppt课件19二语习得选修课的课堂ppt课件20Whatcausesstateorsituationanxiety?Iwasquitefrightenedwhenaskedquestionsagain.Idon’tknowwhy;theteacherdoesnotfrightenme,butmymindisblockedwhenI’maskedquestions.IfearlestIgivethewronganswerandwilldiscouragetheteacheraswellasbethelaughingstockoftheclassmaybe.Anyway,Ifeltreallystupidandhelplessinclass.Face,CompetitivenessWhatcausesstateorsituation21Whateffectsdoesanxietyhaveonlearning?Facilitatinganxiety:motivatethelearnerstofightthenewlearningtask,promptingthemtomakeextraeffortstoconquerthetaskDebilitatinganxietycausesthelearnertofleethetaskinordertoavoidanxiety.Whateffectsdoesanxietyhave22LanguagelearningAnxietylearningeffiencyAnxietylevelModerateanxietyLanguagelearningAnxietylearn23StageTypeofanxietyEffectonlearningBeginnerPost-beginnerlaterStageTypeofanxietyEffecton24StageTypeofanxietyEffectonlearningBegin-nerVerylittle-restrictedtostateanxietynonePost-begin-nerSituationanxietydev