外刊经贸知识选读课件

UnitOneReviewUnitOne1术语：制成品资本货物国际收支经常项目有形贸易项目无形贸易项目贸易顺差贸易逆差易货贸易补偿贸易反向贸易组装生产术语：manufacturedgoodscapitalgoodsbalanceofpaymentscurrentaccountvisibletradeaccountinvisibletradeaccounttradesurplustradedeficitbartercompensationtradecounter-tradeassemblymanufacturing术语：术语：2合资企业延期付款买方信贷卖方信贷软贷款（低息贷款）最惠国待遇国际复兴和开发银行经济合作和发展组织国际清算银行欧洲经济共同体欧洲联盟外商直接投资jointventuredeferredpaymentbuyercreditsuppliercreditsoftloanMFNtreatment（MostFavorednationtreatment）IBRD（InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment）OECD（OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment）BIS（BankforInternationalSettlement）EEC（EuropeanEconomicCommunity）EU（EuropeanUnion）FDI（ForeignDirectInvestment）合资企业jointventure3永久性正常贸易关系国民收入国民生产总值国内生产总值PNTR(PermanentNormalTradingRelations)NI（NationalIncome）GNP（GrossNationalProduct）GDP（GrossDomesticProduct）永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(PermanentNorma4Lesson21.incentive[in'sentiv]n.动机；诱因；刺激adj.激励的；刺激的Thereisnoincentivetotraintheyoungandthetemporary(临时工).对年轻人和临时工的培训变得毫无动机可言。激励机制（incentivemechanism）['mekənizəm]Lesson21.incentive[in'senti52.promulgate['prɔməlɡeit,prəu'mʌl-]vt.公布；传播；发表promulgatelaws颁布法律Theabilitytoimposetaxes,promulgatelaws,countcitizensandraiseanarmyliesattheheartofstatehood.征税、颁布法律、统计人口和招募军队是一个国家的核心职能。外刊经贸知识选读ppt课件63.inaneffortto企图（努力想）；试图要ChinathisweeklauncheditssecondbuyingmissiontoEuropeinthepastmonthinaneffortto（试图要）defuse(平息,化解）

protectionistsentiment.中国本周启动了过去一个月来的第二次欧洲采购之旅，以图化解保护主义情绪。3.inaneffortto企图（努力想）；试图要74.haveaccessto使用；接近；可以利用havenoaccessto：没有接触过haveeasyaccessto：很容易获得AllstudentshaveaccesstotheInternetinthisuniversity.在这所大学的所有学生均能使用互联网。5.takenoteof注意；记笔记TakenoteofwhatLousaysnext.请记下陆以下说的话。4.haveaccessto使用；接近；可以利用86.makesense有意义；讲得通；言之有理ButtheremustbesomebooksintheLibrarywhichmakesense!但是宇宙图书馆中肯定有一些书是有意义的！makesenseof了解…的意思，弄懂…的话trytomakesenseofwhysheishavingthesefeelings.试着理解为什么她会拥有这些感受。6.makesense有意义；讲得通；言之有理97.copewith处理，应付Howyoumanageandcopewithchangeisasignofyourprofessionalism(职业特性）andmaturity.如何处理和应付变化是你的职业特性和成熟的标志。

7.copewith处理，应付108.awell-placedsource：一位高层消息灵通人士well-placed['wel'pleist]adj.置于适当地点的；瞄得准的；有良好的职位或社会地位的Therewasnoprivilegedchildhoodwithwealthyparentsandwell-placedfriends.他没有有钱的父母，也没有有势力的朋友，没有任何优势。8.awell-placedsource：一位高层消119.repay[ri:'pei,ri-]vi.偿还；报答；报复vt.回报；报复；付还repayment[ri:'peimənt;ri-]n.1.偿还；偿付2.偿还金额3.报答；报复9.repay[ri:'pei,ri-]vi.偿还12Whenwillyourepaymethe$500Ilentyoulastweek?我上周借给你的五百美元你什么时候还给我?Heavenswillrepay.老天爷会给报应的。Icanneverrepayyouforyourkindness.你对我的恩情我永远也报答不完。Whenwillyourepaymethe$501310.renovate['renəuveit]vt.1.革新；更新：Wemustrenovateoursociallifetokeepabreastofthetimes.我们必须革新我们的社会生活以适应时代的要求。2.整修；翻修；修理：Theyaregoingtorenovatetheoldfurniture.他们准备将旧家具整修一番。3.使恢复精力；使振作：OurschoolhasbeenrenovatedbyLeiFeng'sspirit.我们学校因受到雷锋精神的影响而重整旗鼓振作起来。10.renovate['renəuveit]vt.1411.preferential[,prefə'renʃəl]adj.优先的；选择的；特惠的；先取的preferentialloan优惠贷款Wegivepreferentialtreatmenttothosewhoinvestinthisarea.我们对那些在这个地区投资的人给予优惠待遇。preferencen.偏爱，倾向；优先权Apolarbearhasapreferenceforcoldweather.北极熊喜欢寒冷的天气。11.preferential[,prefə'renʃə1512.fromscratch从零开始；白手起家We'llclosethatbookshop,andwe'llstarteverythingfromscratch.我们将把那家书店关掉，一切从头干起。13.uniform['ju:nifɔ:m]adj.统一的；一致的；均衡的；始终如一的n.制服Youmustturninyouruniformwhenyouleavethearmy.你离开部队时，必须把军服上缴。12.fromscratch从零开始；白手起家1614.readily['redili]adv.容易地；乐意地；无困难地Hereadilyagreedtohelpus.他欣然同意帮助我们。15.granttherightto授权Visaexemptiondoesnotgranttherighttowork.豁免签证并不授予工作的权利。Granttherighttoperformcertainacts.授予从事某种行为的权利。14.readily['redili]adv.容易地1716.waive[weiv]vt.放弃；搁置Hedidn'twaivehisrightinthismatter推迟，延期，搁置：Thejudgewaivedthefinaldecisionfor20days.法官把终审推迟了20天。waiverofloan免除还款16.waive[weiv]vt.放弃；搁置1817.beliableto易于…的；有…倾向的；应付有责任，应遵守…Anypersonnotputtinglitter(废弃物)inthisbasketwillbeliabletoafineof$5.任何不把垃圾扔进这个筐内的人将处以罚款5美元。Ifitisduetotheperils(危险的事）ofseaormaritime（海）accidents,theinsurancecompanyshallbeliabletopay如果是由于海上风险和事故造成，那么保险公司必须负责赔偿。17.beliableto易于…的；有…倾向的；应付有1918.entitle[in'taitl]1.vt.给…权利，使有…权利；为提出要求提供理由；给…资格(to):Youryearsofserviceentitleyoutoapension（养老金）.你的服务年限使你有资格领取养老金。2.给(文章、书、剧本等)题名，定(书)名：Whatwasthebooken-titled?给此书定什么名?entitlesbtodosth：给某人做某事的权利entitlement[in‘taitlmənt]n.权利；津贴18.entitle[in'taitl]2019.authority[ɔ:'θɔrəti]n.权威；权力；当局haveauthorityover(或with)对…有权力Hewaswidelyregardedasaleadingauthorityonnutrition.人们普遍认为他是营养学方面的著名权威。19.authority[ɔ:'θɔrəti]n.权2120.stirup激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起tostiruphatredbetweennations煽动民族间的仇恨stirupbadblood/stirupillblood(在二人之间)挑起恶感，挑拨离间Stirupthemilkwithsugar.把牛奶和糖搅一下

20.stirup激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起2221.hasyetto有待Theeconomyhasyettoimprove.经济状况还需得到改善。22.inthedriver'sseat处于统治地位Tomisinthedriver'sseat.Hemakesallthedecisions.汤姆掌握大权，他做所有的决定。Theemployerisinthedriver'sseatintoday'senvironment.在当今环境之中雇主大权在握。21.hasyetto有待2323.deem[di:m]vt.认为，视作；相信vi.认为，持某种看法；作某种评价Shedeemeditwisetorefusetheoffer.她认为拒绝这个建议是明智之举。Wedeemveryhighlyofhim.我们非常尊重他。23.deem[di:m]vt.认为，视作；相信24So，whilecomprehensiveframeworkforthecountry“smodernizationhasbeenprovidedbythecentralcommittee”s21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure，itwillbesometimebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandealwithoneanotherinasystematicway.因此，虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架，但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却还需要一段时间。So，whilecomprehensiveframew25三、课后问题

1、“AclearlyconfidentChinahasrolleduplargesectionofitsbamboocurtain,declareditself‘opentotheoutsideworld’andhungsignsonnearlyallitscitiesinvitingforeigninvestorstocomeanddoseriousbusiness.”(一个显然是自信的中国已卷起了一大截竹幕，宣布他要“对外开放”，并几乎在每一个城市都挂出了招牌，欢迎外商前来做正当生意。)

InwhatisChinaconfidentinopeningthecountrytotheoutsideworld?

Thecountryisfullyconfidentinhesocialsystem(社会体系)——Socialism（社会主义）withChinesecharacteristicswhenChinaisopenedtotheoutsideworldthoughitseemsunavoidable（不可避免的）thatallsortsof（各式各样的）Westernideasandtheirwayoflifearetobebroughtintogetherwith（加上，和）theinflowof（流入所需资本和技术）theneededcapitalandtechnology.三、课后问题1、“Aclearlyconfident262、“Thefourspecialeconomiczones(SEZs)inGuangdongandFujianprovinces,14coastalcities(allformertreatyports)andHainanisland(19“open”areasinall)havespecificallydesignedtaxandotherincentivesfortheforeigninvestor.”（广东与福建两省的四个经济特区，14个沿海开放城市（均为以前与清政府的条约所开放的城市，及海南岛（共19个地区）都有为国外投资者特地制定的税收和其他鼓励投资政策。）

Whatpartofthesentenceisthewordtaxhere?

Heretax(anoun名词)isusedasanattribute（定语）tomodify(修饰)“incentive”.

3、Whywasforeigndirectinvestmentconsidered“arealelementofcompetition(真正的竞争因素)”in“thecountry’seconomic-developmentprogramme”（在该国的经济发展中）?

Atthetimeofwritingthearticle(1984),thereform(改革)ofChina’seconomicstructurejustbegan,andmostofherownenterpriseswerenotquiteself-responsible（自我负责）yetforgainsandlossesintheirbusinessoperation.Incontrast（相反）,theenterpriseswithforeignfundswereorganizedontheprinciple（法则、原则）ofthemarketeconomyandtheyhadtobeactiveincompetitionforsurvival（生存）,withno“samebigpan（平底锅）”toeatfrom.Inthissense(从这种意义上说、在这方面),theywereconsidered“arealelementofcompetition.”

2、“Thefourspecialeconomicz274、Couldyoufindasubstitute(代替品)forthewordracein“theracetogetforeigntechnologyandfunds”?（竞相引进国外技术与资金）

drive(v.)努力争取competition

5、“TheChinese…aspiretoowncolorTVsets,refrigerators,trucks,washingmachinesandbetterradios,bicyclesandclothing.”

Whatisimplied（暗指）byusingtheword“better”?(Does“better”refermerely（只不过，仅仅）tothequalityofgoodshere,orsomethingmore?)

“better”impliesthattheyhadalreadyhadthingslikeradios,bicyclesandclothing,butexpectedtohavebetterones.

6、“Evenlocalfactoriesaretakingnoteofthevastpotential（潜力）salesintheirowndomesticmarket.”(即使当地厂商也注意到其国内市场巨大的销售量潜力)

Inwhatsenseisthewordsalesusedinthesentence?

Inthegivencontextthemeaningofsalesisquantitiestobesold.

4、Couldyoufindasubstitute(287、Howwouldyouparaphrase“takenliterally”?(从字面上讲)

IfGuMu’sstatement(陈述)isunderstoodintheword-for-word（逐字的）way.

8、Whatdoes“administrativesupport”(行政支持)inthetextreferto?

Administrativesetupsresponsiblefor(为…负责)absorbing（吸引）foreigndirectinvestmentandrelevant（有关的）localrulesandregulations（官方的规章制度）.

9、Whatis“awell-placedsource”?(消息灵通人士)

Sourcehereisusedinthesenseofasourceofinformation,whichmightreferstoapersonororganization,“Awell-placedsource”shouldbeanofficialwhoiswell-informedbecauseofhisspecialposition.

10、“Thecentralgovernment’sdeterminationtoraisethelevelofindustrialtechnologyisclearlybehindthedecisiontoopenthe14coastalcities.”（中央政府决心提高工业技术水平显然是作出作出开放14个沿海城市的决定的原因）。

What‘syourparaphrase(解释)oftheabovesentence?Doesitmeanthatthe“determination”wasthereasonforthedecision?

Thereasonforthedecisionwasthedetermination.7、Howwouldyouparaphrase“ta2911、“Thecombinedindustrialoutput（产量）ofthe15coastalareasisreportedly(据报道)equaltoaquarterofthenation’stotal.”(据报道，15个沿海市、区的工业产量总和相当于该国工业总产量的四分之一)

Whatisthemeaningof“combined”inthesentence?

Couldyoufindanotherwordtoreplaceit?Whatisthat?

Together

12、“Butwhilethereasonsforthrowing19areasandcitiesopentoforeigninvestmentandtechnologytransferareclear…”(决心向外国投资与技术转让开放19个区、市的原因是清楚的)

“Throwing…open”basically（主要的，基本的）meanshaving…open,doesn’tit?Thenwhatisthedifferenceinmeaningbetween“throwing19areasandcitiesopen”andhaving…open?Whatmoredoesitmeanwhenthewordthrowisused?

Throwcarriesthemeaningofdoingthatwithforce-determination(果断)inthesentencequoted（提到）above.

13、“…,howthepreferentialsystemswilloperate(inthe19opendistricts)isnot(clear).Thisisduelargelyto(由于)theintensity(激烈)ofcompetitionamongthe19…(但诸项优惠制度将如何运作，这一点却还不得而知。其主要原因是19个开放地区和城市间的竞争激烈。)

Howcould“theintensityofcompetitionamongthe19”,iftherewasone,leadtosomeconfusion（混淆）inabsorbingforeigndirectinvestment?

Accordingtotheauthor’sownunderstanding,asthe19openareasandcitieswerecompetingactively（激烈的）withoneanotherormoreforeigndirectinvestment,theymadetheirpreferentialsystemsmoreandmoreattractive（有吸引力的）andthuscomplicated（错综的、复杂的）,hardtooperate.

11、“Thecombinedindustrialou3014、“Thisisduelargelytotheintensityofcompetitionamongthe19,coupledwith（加上）theinexperienceofmostlocalauthoritiesbothinmakingdecisionsandindealingwiththeoutsideworld.”(其主要原因是19个开放地区和城市间的竞争激烈,加上大部分当地政府在决策与处理对外事务方面还缺乏经验。)

Whatdoes“coupled”meanhere?Couldyoufindsomesubstitutesforit?

Together/along

15、Whatare“targetprojects”?(重点工程)

keyprojects

中点（工程）项目

16、“OneofficialwhoiswellawareoftheconfusionafflictingbothlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorsisJingShuping,presidentofChinaInternationalEconomicConsultants（顾问、咨询）Inc.whichistheconsultancyarmoftheChinaInternationalTrustandInvestmentCrop.”(对这一令当地政府与外国投资者都头痛的混淆不轻的问题，中国国际经济咨询有限公司的总裁荆舒平最知情，该公司是中国国际信托投资公司附属的咨询性公司)

Whatisthemeaningoftheword“arm”here?Couldyoufindsomeotherwordtosubstitute?

Branch(分部)/department（部门）14、“Thisisduelargelytothe3117、“Thetimewillcomewhenthecitiesandzoneswillaskforhelpincoordinating（协调）theirefforts.”（有一天，这些市和区事会寻求援助以协调它们的工作的）

Whatkindofclause（从句）does“when”introduce?Anattributive（定语）oranadverbial（状语）one?Why?

anattributiveclause.

18、“…,whileacomprehensiveframework（综合准则）forthecountry’smodernizationhasbeenprovided（提供）bythecentralcommittee’s（中央委员会）21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesometimebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandealwithoneanotherinasystematicway.”(虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日改革经济体制的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的准则，但要等到尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道还需要一段时间)

What’syouunderstandingof“thedustsettles”?

Theconfusionisremoved.19、What’s“stock-takingoftheopenpolicy”?(对开放政策评估)

reviewing（回顾、评论）(reexamining复试)oftheopenpolicy.

17、“Thetimewillcomewhenth32ReviewReview33一、术语：1.经济特区2.一位高层消息灵通人士3.基础设施4.实际资本5.消费品6.优惠税率7.合作（经营）企业8.经济技术开发区9.企业家精神一、术语：1.ThespecialEconomicZone2.awell-placedsource3.infrastructure4.capitalstock5.consumergoods6.preferentialtaxrate7.cooperativeenterprise8.ETDZ（Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone9.entrepreneurship一、术语：3410.生产资料11.评估12.资源配置13.宏观调控14.财政政策15.紧缩的货币政策16.运营资本17.基本国策18.技术革新10.meansofproduction11.stock-taking12.Allocationofresource13.macroregulationandcontrol14.fiscalpolicies15.tightmonetarypolicy16.workingcapital17.basicpolicy18.technicaltransformation10.生产资料10.meansofproduction35二、词语释义：1.inpiecemealform：piecebypiece；gradually逐渐的2.showpiece：aprimeoroutstandingexample典范3.pipedream：fantasy；daydream；dreamthatcannotberealized白日梦4.fromscratch：fromtheverybeginning从零开始，从最初开始二、词语释义：36incentive:stimulusFluctuation:volatilityPromulgate:issueincentive:stimulus375.grassroots：basiclevel基层6.thedustsettles：theconfusionends尘埃落定7.inthedriver‘sseat：inthedominantpos