考研英语历年真题

1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary

Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedatthe

placemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(15points)

EXAMPLE:

Iwascaughttherainyesterday.

[A]in

IBJby

[C]with

[D]at

ANSWER:[A]

1.Nodoctorscouldcurethepatienthisstrangedisease.

[A]with

IBJof

[C]from

[DJoff

2.Hewashiswits'endwhattodo.

[A]in

[B]on

ICJat

[D]of

3.Priorhisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter.

[A]to

IBJof

[C]in

[D]from

4.Thedrivinginstructortoldmetopullatthepostoffice.

[A]up

网back

[C]round

[D]along

5.Whenthere'sadoubt,thechairman'sdecisionis.

[A]right

[B]definite

[C]fixed

[D]final

6.WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways.

[A]unquestionable

[B]sound

[C]subtle

[D]healthy

7.Thenoiseoftheplanediedinthedistance.

[A]away

[B]out

[C]down

[D]off

8.Hospitaldoctorsdon'tgooutveryoftenastheirworkalltheirtime.

[A]takesaway

[B]takesin

[C]takesover

[DItakesup

9.Attendancesatfootballmatcheshavesincethecomingoftelevision.

[A]droppedin

[BJdroppeddown

fC]droppedoff

[DJdroppedout

10.Afterthedeathoftheirparents,thesistersgotwellandneverquarreled.

[AJaway

[B]in

[C]along

[D]out

11.Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatstocomesfirst.

[A]who

[BJwhom

[C]whoever

[DJwhomever

12.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationtheadvertiserpaysforthemessageto

bedelivered.

[A]inthat

[BJinwhich

[C]inorderthat

[DJintheway

13.Heisofanactor.

[AJanybody

[B]anyone

[C]somebody

[D]something

14.Thecaptainapologizedtotellusmoreabouttheaccident.

[Alfortobeunable

[B]thathewasunable

[C]tobeunable

[D]forbeingunable

15.isnoreasonfordischargingher.

[A]Becauseshewasafewminuteslate

[B]Owingtoafewminutesbeinglate

[C]Thefactthatshewasafewminuteslate

[D]Beingafewminuteslate

SectionII:CloseTest

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethebest

oneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.(10

points)

OnWednesdayafternoonsAnnietookthebusintotowntoshopinthemarket.Foranhouror_16_shewouldwalk

upanddownbetweenthestallslookingateverything,buyinghereandthere,and_17—asharplookoutforthe

bargainsthatweresometimestobehad.Andthen,withallthethingssheneeded_18—shewouldleavethemarket

forthestreetsofthetowntospendanotherhour_19_shelikedbest:lookinginfumitureshopwindows.

OneWednesdayshefoundanewshopfullofthemostdelightfulthings,withanoticeinvitinganyonetowalkinand

look_20_withoutfeelingtheyhadtobuysomething.Anniehesitatedforamomentbeforesteppingthroughthe

doorwaywhere,almostatonce,shestopped_21—beforeagreenarmchair.Therewasacardonthechairwhichsaid:

“Thisfinechairisyours_22—lessthanapoundaweek,“andverysmallatthebottom,“Cashpriceeighty-nine

poundsfifty.^^Apoundaweek..._23_,shecouldalmostpaythatoutofherhousekeepingmoneyandnevermissit!A

voiceathershouldermadeher_24_.“CanIhelpyou,Madam?"Shelookedroundattheassistantwhohadcome

softlytoher_25—.

“Oh,well,no,“shesaid."Iwasjustlooking.”"We'vechairsofallkindsintheshowroom.Ifyou'lljustcomeup,you

willfindsomethingtosuityou.”

Annie,worriedatthethoughtofbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingshedidn'tneed,lefttheshophurriedly.

16.[A]so

[B]more

ICJelse

[D]another

17.[A]taking

[B]making

ICJfixing

[D]keeping

18.IAJbuy

[B]bought

[C]buying

[D]tohavebought

19.[AJinaway

[B]bytheway

[CJintheway

[D]ontheway

20.[A]behind

[B]round

ICJback

[D]on

21.[A]doubted

[B]wondered

[C]puzzled

[D]delighted

22.[A]at

[B]for

[C]with

[D]in

23.[A]Why

[B]When

[C]How

[D]What

24.[A]jump

[B]leap

[C]laugh

[D]wonder

25.[A]place

[B]back

[C]side

[D]front

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension

Eachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthe

passagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10

points)

Text1

Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersin

engineering,inproduction,instatisticalwork,andinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoare

abletotakeingreatareaataglance,peoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereis,inother

words,ademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetrees,ofmakinggeneraljudgments.We

cancallthesepeople"generalists."Andthese“generalists“areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministration,

whereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledothework,wheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeople,toorganizeother

people'swork,tobeginitandjudgeit.

Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“trained"man;andhiseducational

backgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist-andespeciallytheadministrator—dealswithpeople;

hisconcerniswithleadership,withplanning,andwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated"man;andthehumanities

arehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagood

generalistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeople,thoughdifferent

organizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindout,duringyourtrainingperiod,intowhichof

thetwokindsofjobsyoufit,andtoplanyourcareeraccordingly.

Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou-butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobs

constantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookupon

thefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjob,anopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessfor

beinganemployee.

26.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor.

[AJallroundpeopleintheirownfields

[B]peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople'swork

ICJgeneralistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional

[D]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers

27.Thespecialistis.

[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople

[B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefields

fC]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees

[D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters

28.Theadministratoris.

[A]a"trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist

[B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest

fC]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities

[DIamanwhoisan“educated“specialist

29.Duringyourtrainingperiod,itisimportant.

[A]totrytobeageneralist

[B]tochooseaprofitablejob

[C]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou

[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist

30.Aman'sfirstjob.

[A]isnevertherightjobforhim

[B]shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob

[C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob

[D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljob

Test2

AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeand,untilrecenttimes,unknowntoman.

Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisa

completeblankonourmaps.Manhasexplored,onfoot,lessthanonepercentofitsarea.Antarcticadiffers

fundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanocean,coveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythe

landmassesofEurope,Asia,andNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeandAustralia

combined,centeredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemostunobstructedwaterareasoftheworld-the

Atlantic,Pacific,andIndianOceans.

Thecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentre,thus,theairovertheAntarcticisfarmore

refrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthatitmakesthenearby

seasthestormiestintheworldandrendersunlivablethoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobe

areinhabited.Thus,morethanamillionpersonslivewithin2,000milesoftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmost

ofAlaska,Siberia,andScandinavia-aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.Apartfromahandfulofweather

stations,withinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletree,industry,orsettlement.

31.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe.

[A]Iceland

[BJLandofOpportunity

[C]TheUnknownContinent

[DJUtopiaatLast

32.Atthetimethisarticlewaswritten,ourknowledgeofAntarcticawas.

[AJverylimited

[B]vast

[CJfairlyrich

[D]nonexistent

33.Antarcticaisborderedbythe.

[A]PacificOcean

[BJIndianOcean

[C]AtlanticOcean

[D]Allthree

34.TheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby.

(AJcoldair

[B]calmseas

[C]ice

[D]lackofknowledgeaboutthecontinent

35.Accordingtothisarticle.

[A]2,000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinent

[B]amillionpeoplelivewithin2,000milesoftheSouthPole

[C]weatherconditionswithina2,000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemakesettlementsimpractical

[D]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarctica

SectionIV:StructureandVocabulary

Fillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentences.Putyourchoicesinthebracketsontheleft.(10

points)

EXAMPLE:

Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;itsixhouses.

[A]ended

[B]finished

[C]was

[D]lasted

ANSWER:[D]

36.Musicoftenusofeventsinthepast.

[A]remembers

[B]memorizes

[C]reminds

[D]reflects

37.IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshouldmycold.

[A]heat

[B]cure

[C]treat

[D]recover

38.Icouldjustseeacarinthedistance,butIcouldn'twhatcolouritwas.

[AJmakeout

[B]lookto

ICJlookout

[D]takein

39.Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromtheonhisface.

[A]appearance

[BJshock

[C]look

[D]sight

40.Thetoyboatturnedoverandsanktotheofthepool.

[AJbase

[B]depth

ICJground

[D]bottom

41.Marynevertellsanyonewhatshedoesfora.

[A]job

[BJwork

[C]profession

IDJliving

42.Thatboyissuchagoodviolinisthewillprobablymakequiteaforhimself.

(AJstar

[B]credit

[C]name

[D]character

43.Oldphotographsgiveoneabriefofthepast.

[A]glance

[B]glimpse

[C]sight

[D]look

44.Thenovelistisahighlyperson.

[A]imaginable

[B]imaginative

[C]imaginary

[DIimagined

45.Althoughthepayisnotgood,peopleusuallyfindsocialworkinotherways.

[A]payable

[B]respectful

[C]grateful

[D]rewarding

SectionV:Error-detectionandCorrection

Eachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedparts(wordsorphrases).Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],

and[D].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.Then,without

alteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelinefollowingthebrackets.(10

points)

EXAMPLE:

You'vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]Ihere's[B]hardlysomething[C]left.[D]

ANSWER:[C]anything

46.Theprofessortoldtheeconomics[A]studentthathedidn'tapprove[B]in[C]histakingtheadvancedcourse

beforeID]hemadeapassingmarkinEconomics1.

47.Althoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestill[A]inneedofrepair,[B]therehavebeen[C]improvement

inthefacilities.[D]

48.Mr.Gilmoreisoneofthosemenwhoappears[A]tobefriendly[B]however,itisveryhardtodealfC]withhim.

IDJ

49.Tounderstandthesituationcompletely[A]requires[B]morethoughtthanhasgiven[C]thusfar.[D]

50.[A]greatmany[AJeducatorsfirmly[B]believethatEnglishisoneofthepoorest[C]taughtsubjectsinhigh

schoolstoday.[D]

51.Ofallhisoutdoor[AJactivities.Paullikesfishingbestofall,[B]buthedoesn'tenjoycleaning[CJfishingrods

afterwards.[D]

52.Ishould[AJnothaverecognizedthe[BJmaneven[CJyouhadtold[D]mehisname.

53.Inanhour's[A]timeIhaddonetheworkwith[B]mysatisfaction;Igotmyhatin[C]hallandslippedout

unnoticed.[DJ

54.Thenewhotelhaserected[A]abeautifulbuildingwith[B]recreationareasandconferencefacilitiesonthetop

floorinwhich[C]thefinestviewofthecitycanbeobtained.[D]

55.Whilein[A]Europe,thetouristsenjoyedto[B]theirheart's[C]contenttheweather,thefoodandgoingtothe

theatre.[D]

SectionVI:VerbForms

Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.(10points)

EXAMPLE:

Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident(appointed)forthiscollege.

ANSWER:(should)beappointed

56.Theenemyretreatedtothewoodsafterthey(defeat).

57.I(speak)tohimforsometimebeforeIrealizedwhohewas.

58.Oneshouldneverloseone'sheartwhen(confront)withtemporarydifficulties.

59.Thehousesuddenlycollapsedwhileit(pull)down.

60.On(give)anassignmenttomakeabusinesstourabroad,hegladlyacceptedit.

61.(Get)everythingready,theygotdowntomapoutaplanfortheconstructionofanewexpressway.

62.AfterPetergrewabeard,evenhisclosefriends(notrecognize)himatfirstsight.

63.Darkness(set)in,theyoungpeoplelingeredonmerrymaking.

64.Thestudentswereto(assemble)attheauditoriumbefore1:30p.m.,butthelecturewascanceledatthelastminute.

65.Emphasisislaidonthenecessitythatalltheobjectivestobeattained(take)intoaccountbeforestartinganew

project.

SectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)

66.去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件。

67.他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大。

68.我们现在必须做的是把情况作•番仔细的调查。

69.很难说哪个方案更为切实可行。

70.昨晚如果他来了，问题也许已得到解决。

SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)

Itwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclearideaofwhattheyare

goingtodoafterwards.(71)Ifoneconsiderstheenormousvarietyofcoursesoffered,itisnothardtoseehowdifficult

itisforastudenttoselectthecoursemostsuitedtohisinterestsandabilities.(72)Ifastudentgoestouniversityto

acquireabroaderperspectiveoflife,toenlargehisideasandtolearntothinkforhimself,hewillundoubtedlybenefit.

(73)Schoolsoftenhavetoorestrictinganatmosphere,withitstimetablesanddisciplines,toallowhimmuchtimefor

independentassessmentoftheworkheisaskedtodo.(74)Moststudentswould,Ibelieve,profitbyayearofsuch

explorationofdifferentacademicstudies,especiallythose“allrounders“withnoparticularinterest.Theyshouldhave

longertimetodecideinwhatsubjecttheywanttotaketheirdegrees,sothatinlaterlife,theydonotlookbackandsay,

“Ishouldliketohavebeenanarchaeologist.IfIhadn'ttakenadegreeinModernLanguages,Ishouldn'thaveended

upasaninterpreter,butit'stoolatenow.Icouldn'tgobackandbeginalloveragain.^^

(75)Thereis,ofcourse,anothersidetothequestionofhowtomakethebestuseofone'stimeatuniversity.(76)Thisis

thecaseofthestudentwhoexcelsinaparticularbranchoflearning.(77)HeisimmediatelyacceptedbytheUniversity

ofhischoice,andspendshisthreeorfouryearsbecomingaspecialist,emergingwithafirst-classHonourDegreeand

verylittleknowledgeofwhattherestoftheworldisallabout.(78)Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthat,

ifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunities,therewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesand

moreadvice.Onlyinthiswaycanwebesurethatwearenottohave,ontheonehand,abandofspecialistsignorantof

anythingoutsideoftheirownsubject,andontheotherhand,aneverincreasingnumberofgraduatesqualifiedin

subjectsforwhichthereislittleornodemandintheworkingworld.

1986年参考答案

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)

1.IB]2.[C]3.[Aj4.[A]5.[DJ

6.[B]7,[A]8.[D]9.[C]10.[C]

11.[C]12.1AJ13.ID]14,[D]15.[CJ

SectionII:EiTor-detectionandCorrection(10points)

16.[A]17.ID]18.IBJ19.1CJ20.[B]

21.[D]22.[B]23.[A]24.[A]25.[C]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(10points)

26.[B]27.[D]28.[C]29.[D]30.[B]

31.[CJ32.[A]33.[D]34.[A]35.[CJ

SectionIV:StructureandVocabulary(10points)

36.[C]37.[B]38.[A]39.[C]40.[D]

41.[D]42.[C]43.[B]44.[B]45.[D]

SectionV:Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)

46.[C]approveof47.[C]hasbeen

48.[A]appear49.[C]hasbeengiven

50.fC]mostpoorly51.[B](the)best,(the)most

52.[C]evenif,eventhough53.[B]to

54.fC]where,fromwhich,onwhich55.(D]thetheatre

SectionVI:VerbForms(10points)

56.weredefeated/hadbeendefeated57.hadbeenspeaking

58.confronted59.wasbeingpulled

60.beinggiven61.Havinggot

62.could/didnotrecognize,werenotabletorecognize63.setting

64.haveassembled/assemble65.(should)betaken

SectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation(15points)

66.Thegoodcroplastyearwasduetotheimprovementoffarmmanagementandfavorableweathercondition.

67.Thesuccesshehasachievedinscientificresearchisgreaterthanexpected.

68.Whatwemustdonowistomakeacarefulinvestigationofthesituation.

69.It'shardtosaywhichplanismorepracticable.

70.Ifhehadcomeyesterdayevening,thequestionmighthavebeensolved.

SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation(20points)

71.如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴

趣和能力的课程是多么困难。

72.如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考，那

么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。

73.学校山于受课程表和纪律的约束，气氛往往令人感到过于拘束，使学生没有充分时间对规定要他做的事情

有独立的见解。

74.我认为大多数学生，尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的“全面发展的学生”，经过一年左右的时间对各门不

同学科的钻研，将会从中获益。

75.当然，关于一个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间，还有另外一个方面。

76.某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况。

77.他一毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受，再花三、四年时间，以优异的成绩取得荣誉学位，成为

一名专家，但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知。

78.因此，如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会，就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更

多的指点。这个问题显得越来越重要了。

1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary

Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedatthe

placemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.(10points)

EXAMPLE:

Iwascaughttherainyesterday.

[A]in

[B]by

[CJwith

[D]at

ANSWER:[AJ

1.Theskyscraperstandsoutthebluesky.

IAJin

[B]against

[C]under

[D]beneath

2.Theyhavealwaysbeenongoodwiththeirnext-doorneighbors.

[A]friendship

[B]relations

[C]connection

[D]terms

3.Hello!Isthat21035?Pleaseputmetothemanager.

[A]across

[B]up

[C]through

[D]over

4.Whydoyoulookso?Youneversmileorlookcheerful.

[A]miserable

[B]unfortunate

[C]sorry

[D]rude

5.Eggs,thoughnourishing,haveoffatcontent.

[A]largenumber

[B]alargenumber

[C]thehighamount

[D]ahighamount

6.Jimalwayshisclassmatesinadebate.

[A]backsout

[B]backsaway

[C]backsup

[D]backsdown

7.Mostofthepeoplewhotwoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.

[AJhavelivedout

[B]havelivedthrough

ICJhavelivedon

[D]havelivedoff

8.Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobewhenyouarecamping.

[A]putup

[BJputupwith

fC]putoff

[DJputaway

9.Isittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddownnewofficeblocks?

[AJtoaccommodate

[B]toprovidefor

ICJtoincrease

[D]tomakeroomfor

10.Beinginnogreathurry,.

[A]wewentthelongroutewithscenery

[BJthelong,scenicroutewasourpreference

[C]wetookthelongscenicroute

[DJourpreferencewastakingthelong,scenicroute

SectionII:ReadingComprehension

Eachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers,readthepassage

carefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestion.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Text1

Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythat

spunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatus,

calleda"Helix,“whichcouldcarrymanstraightup,butwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.

Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubing

witharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstart,hoveredafewfeetabove

theground,wentsidewaysandbackwards,andthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.

Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethat

verticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectations

werenotfulfilled.

Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissions,carryingtroops,gunsand

strategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneoffices,manymetropolitan

areasusetheminpolicework,constructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageousways,

engineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveying,andoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreand

remoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskfora

helicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstown,flytoandfromairports,assistinrescue

work,andaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.

11.Peopleexpectthat.

[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters

[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenow

doing

[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer'sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuture

[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftoday

12.Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof.

[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop

[B]arotatingdevicetopside

[CJonerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend

[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting

13.Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter?

[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince1940.

[BJChinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.

[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.

[DJSomepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.

14.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped?

[AJTheyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.

[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.

[CJTheyareusedforrescuework.

[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.

15.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential?

[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.

[BJForextremelyhighaltitudeflights.

[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.

[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.

Text2

InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathletic

festivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeus,kingoftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,became

firstanationaleventandthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.Noone

knowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.Thegamestook

placeinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,but

nomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedto

compete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertain,buteventsincludedboy'sgymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracing

andfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodemOlympicGames.

OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.

Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympic

winnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresults

comparedwithmodemstandards,weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.

Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1,200years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.They

continuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthy

bodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetition

thatcausedwars.Itwasover1,500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin

1896.

Nowadays,theGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,includinga

stadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes*expenses.

TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythesun'srays.Itisearned

byasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticideals,

anditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflag,however,isamodem

conception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.

16.InancientGreece,theOlympicGames.

[A]weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

[B]wereinthenatureofanationa