北京市昌平区高三二模英语试卷2

昌平区2023年高三年级第二次统一练习英语试卷笔试部分本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。“Deardepartment,IwouldlikeyourapprovalifIcanhaveaunicorn(独角兽)inmybackyardifIcanfindone.Pleasesendmealetterinresponse.”Inmid-November,Joycewrotealettertothelocaldepartmentofanimalcareandcontrolwitha(n)___1___request.DirectorAnnabelleBradshawwrotebackafewweekslaterwithgoodnews.Shesaidthedepartmentdoesinfactlicenseunicornsundercertain___2___.Thoseincludepolishingtheunicorn’shorn(角)atleastonceamonth,givingit___3___accesstosunlight,moonlightandrainbows,andfeedingitwatermelonsatleastonceaweek.___4___thatJoycewouldmeetalltherequirements,Bradshawsenthera“preapprovedunicornlicense”forherfuturepet.“Itisalways___5___tohearfromyoungpeoplewhoconsiderprovidingalovinghometoanimals.”Bradshawwrote.Shedealswithalotof“emotionallyexhausting”issuesonthejob.SoJoyce’sletterhas___6___brightenedherspirits.Thefirst-graderalso___7___herforwantingtoaskpermissioninthefirstplace,anddoingherresearchtofigureouthowtogoaboutthat.Joyce’smotherdidn’twantto___8___herwhensheaskedforaunicornatfirst,soadviseditmightcomedowntogettingapproval.Joyceagreedandshe___9___andanhourlatershecamebackandsaid,“Willyouhelpme____10____this?”Whiletheletterwasreceivedandrepliedtoinamatterofweeks,Joycethoughtthelicensewouldbeaperfectpresentforherbirthdaythismonth.1A.special B.urgent C.reasonable D.silly2.A.structures B.conditions C.systems D.programs3.A.regular B.similar C.fair D.instant4.A.Upset B.Concerned C.Confident D.Surprised5.A.useful B.rewarding C.necessary D.important6.A.normally B.gradually C.greatly D.carefully7.A.impressed B.admired C.amused D.challenged8.A.comfort B.punish C.excuse D.discourage9.A.gaveup B.fellover C.stoodout D.marchedoff10.A.test B.mail C.record D.download第二节(共10小题;每小题分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Becauseofthechangesthatoccurredovertea’sextremelylonghistory,thetea-makingprocess____11____(become)verycomplicatedanddiversetoday.Tofollowtheratherstrictsteps____12____mayincludedozensofsmallersteps,generallyspeaking,ittakesabouthalfamonthtocompletethe____13____(begin)processessuchasteapicking,selectinganddrying.Inordertoreachthehigheststandard,ittakesatleastawholemonthonlytodrytheteaasdryasitcanget.Soittakesseveralmonthsalone____14____goodteaproductsarereadyforconsumers.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Toremaincompetitivethroughouttheircareers,studentsneedtolearnhowtouseanAIwritingtooltomakeworthwhileoutput____15____knowhowtoevaluateitsquality,accuracyandoriginality.Theyneedtolearntocomposewell-organizedessaysinvolvingamixofAI-generatedtextand____16____(tradition)writing.Whenworkingintothe2060sandbeyond,professionals____17____(learn)howtoengageproductivelywithAIsystems,usingthemtoenhancehumancreativity.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mynewbookcelebratesthepowerofmathematicalthinkingtogetyoutoyourgoal____18____(success)withouthoursoflabour.It’syourshortcutthatmathematicians____19____mehavecomeupwithtoyourdestination.Ofcourse,whileI____20____(produce)ThinkingBetter:Theartoftheshortcut,Ireadagoodfewbooks.Here’salistofthosethatwerethemostinfluentialinmyjourneytofindthesmartestwaysofthinking.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AEveryeventherefeaturesanotedscientistwhodiscussesadifferentcosmic(宇宙的)topic.TheywillbepresentedwithalivestreamtoourScienceWorldofficialwebsiteandquestionscanbeaskedinthewebsitechat.BlackHoles7:30PM-8:30PM,May.19,2023Description:Mostgalaxies(星系)haveasupermassiveblackholeattheircenter.Theseblackholeshelpdeterminehowgalaxieswilldevelopovertime.JoinDr.AnselNetscherforanoutlineofblackholes.Youcanalsoexplorehowsupermassiveblackholesmaydecidethedevelopmentofgalaxies.TheWebbImagery8:00PM-9:30PM,May.28,2023Description:Theamazingvisionshaveattractedtheworld.Butthere’salongandinvolvedprocessbywhichscientists’black-and-whiteobservationaldataistransformedintodynamiccolorimageryforthepublic.JoinimagespecialistRalphWilsonashediscussestheartandscienceoftranslatinginfraredlight.HuntforDistantWorlds7:00PM-8:00PM,Jun.3,2023Description:SincethediscoveryofthefirstplanetorbitingaSun-likestarin1995,morethan4,000exoplanetshavebeenfound.ThesewidespreadplanetsystemsconfirmthatoursolarsystemisjustoneofmanyinourMilkyWaygalaxy.Thediscoveryofsuchsystemshasprovidedinterestinginsights,challengingourviewsabouthowplanetsystemsformanddevelop.JoinDr.AmandaGarciaasshedescribesthescientifichuntforthesedistantworlds.MarsandBeyond10:00AM-11:30AM,Jun.4,2023Description:WillweeverreachMars?Andwhatwillittaketotraveltootherstars?Dr.CamilleLopezwillmeetthesequestionswithaspeechofwhatwecanexpectinthenext30years.It’sbasedonwhatispracticalandreasonablewhenweconsiderthebiological,economic,andphilosophicalconcernsthatconnectwiththeengineeringchallengesofspacehabitationandexploration.21.Interestedinthedevelopmentofplanetorstarsystem,youcanchoose________.①BlackHoles②TheWebbImagery③HuntforDistantWorlds④MarsandBeyondA.①④ B.②④ C.①③ D.②③22.WhatwillyoulearnfromMarsandBeyond?A.Prospectofspacetravel. B.Applicationofarttoscience.C.TheoriginandfutureofMars. D.Detailedplanofspacehabitation.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topublicizeonlinepubliclectures.B.Tocompareeventsofstudyingscience.CTostresstheimportanceofspaceexploration.D.Toexpandpeople’sknowledgeaboutuniverse.BEverwonderwhathappenstospacecraftaftertheygetlaunchedtospace?Well,thatiswheremyjobasaninstrumentoperationsengineercomesin.Myjobconsistsofplanning,generating,andoperatingscientificinstrumentsin-flight.IamgratefulforhavingworkedonmissionsatSaturn,theMoon,andourownplanetEarth.WhenIwasahigh-schooler,IwasunsureofwhatcollegeIwantedtoattend,orwhatmajorIwantedtochoose.AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.Thepassionatestudentsandboundlessopportunitiesdevelopedafeelingofbelonginginmethatledmetoapplyandeventuallygetaccepted.ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.Whenpeoplethinkofthespaceindustry,theypicturetheouterreachesofoursolarsystem.Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.ThehighlightofmycareerhasbeenwitnessingtheendoftheCassinimissiontoSaturn.SomeofthepeopleontheteamhadbeenworkingonthemissionforlongerthanIhadbeenalive,buttheystilltreatedmeasoneoftheirown.Iwasgiventheopportunitytooperatethecamerasthatwouldcatchbreathtakingimagesoftheplanet.AndwhentheCassinispacecrafthadrunoutoffuel,Iquicklylearnedthatitwasnotjusttheendofthemission,buttheendofateam.ThenightwewatchedwithbittersweetlongingasitssignalfadedtonothingissomethingthatIwillalwayskeepinmymemories.AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.Myfriendsoftenaskwhyagirlcouldachieveallthese.Ialwaysgrewupabigfanoffiction.IreadtheHarryPotterbooksandlovedanythingfantasy.Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.24.WhydidtheauthorapplytoMIT?A.ThemajorsinMITinterestedher. B.HermotherurgedhertogotoMIT.C.Shesetthisgoalasahigh-schooler. D.AsummerprogrammadeherloveMIT.25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutheroccupation?A.It’seasytopredictwhatshedoes. B.It’shardforagirltohavesuchacareer.C.Sheisannoyedbybeingmisunderstood. D.Sheisproudtoworkforhumanwell-being.26.WhatdoestheauthorvaluemostintheCassinimission?A.Itshistoriccontributions. B.Theteamitbroughttogether.C.Breathtakingimagesoftheplanet. D.Theopportunitytooperatethecameras.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Nowayisimpossibletocourage.C.Wellbegunishalfdone. D.Timelostcannotbewonagain.CHaveyoueverbeenindecisiveinthedecisionofwhatcolorcaryoulike?LastNovember,amagazinewithgreatinfluencerevealeditsannuallistoftheBestInventions,whicharechanginghowwelive,work,play,andthinkaboutwhat’spossible.Oneoftheseinventionswasthe“colorchangingcar”.Atthe2022ConsumerElectronicsShowafamouscarcompanyshowcasedaconceptcarthatcanchangecolors.Thesurfacecoatingofthiscarfeaturese-inkthatismostwell-knownfromthedisplaysofe-readers.Itcontainsmanymillionsofmicro-capsules,eachofwhichcontainsnegativelychargedwhitepigments(颜料)andpositivelychargedblackpigments.Dependingonthechosensetting,stimulationbymeansofanelectricalfieldcauseseitherthewhiteortheblackpigmentstocollectatthesurfaceofthemicro-capsule,givingthecarbodythedesiredshade.Thecolorchosenforacarisanexpressionofthedriver’spersonalities.Itoffersacompletelynewwayofchangingthevehicle’sappearanceinlinewiththedriver’spreferences,theenvironmentalconditionsorevenfunctionalrequirements.Avariableexteriorcolorcancontributetoenergysavingandwellnessintheinterior.Thisisdonebytakingintoaccountthedifferentabilitiesoflightanddarkcolorswhenitcomestoreflectingsunlightandtheassociatedabsorptionofthermalenergy.Heatingofthevehicleasaresultofstrongsunlightandhighoutsidetemperaturescanbereducedbychangingtheexteriortoalightcolor.Incoolerweather,adarkouterskinwillhelpthevehicletoabsorbnoticeablymorewarmthfromthesun.Thiswouldreducetheamountofenergythevehicleelectricalsystemneeds,loweringthefuelorelectricityconsumption.Intheinterior,thetechnologycould,forexample,preventthedashboardfromheatinguptoomuch.Inelectriccars,changingthecolorwiththeweatherwouldthusincreasetherangeofthecar.Consideringtherecentpushforelectricvehicles,thiscolorchangingtechnologycouldbeagame-changer.“Digitalexperienceswon’tjustbelimitedtodisplaysinthefuture.Therewillbemoreandmoreconnectionbetweentherealandvirtual.Withthisconceptcar,wearebringingthecarbodytolife,”saysFrankWeber,amemberoftheboardofthiscompany.28.Theconceptcarcanchangecolorsmainlybecauseof________.A.thereflectionofsunlight B.thestabilityofelectricalfieldC.theareaofwhiteandblacke-ink D.thegatheringofchargedpigments29.Asforthecolorchangingcar,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Itwillbeputintomassproductioninthenearfuture.B.Itcanchangecolorsautomaticallyaccordingtoweather.C.Itcanshowpersonalitiesandimprovecarperformance.D.Itwillsaveenergybytransformingheatintoelectricalenergy.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CarDesign:NewChallenges B.TheDevelopmentofCarExteriorCMagicalE-inkinCarDesign D.NewInventionofCars:TailoredExteriorDDoyouknowforestsareoneofourplanet’sgreatestcarbonsinks?Thismeansthattheyabsorbanenormousamountofcarbonreleasedintotheatmosphere,agreenhousegasthatcontributestoclimatechangeandtheearth’srisingtemperature.Thepoplartree,standingtallandregal,isknownforitsfast-growingnatureanditsgray,white,orblackbark.AbiotechnologyfirminSanFrancisco,CA,geneticallymodifiedpoplartrees.Accordingtoafour-monthstudyconductedintheirgreenhouse,theengineeredtreesgrew53%largerthantheirnormalcounterpartsandstored27%moreCO2.InFebruary2023,thecompanyalsoplantedmodifiedpoplartreesinsouthernGeorgia.ThismarksthefirsttimeintheUnitedStatesthatengineeredtreeshavebeenplantedoutsideofacontrolledlabsetting!Allplantsexperiencephotosynthesis(光合作用),wheresunlight,water,andCO2aretransformedintoglucoseandoxygen.However,almostalltreesreleaseapoisonoussubstanceintheprocess.Toremovethissubstance,treesmustuseupnewly-producedenergyinanotherstepknownasphoto-respiration(光呼吸作用),whichdoesnotproduceanyenergyandreleasesCO2backintotheatmosphere.Topreventplantsfromwastingtheirenergy,thebiotechnologyfirmengineeredtheirpoplartreeswithgenesfoundingreenalgae.Firsttestedintobaccoplants,theforeigngeneschangethepoisonoussubstanceproducedbytreesintosugars,sothatmoreenergycanbeusedforremovingcarbonandtreegrowth.Researchersfromthecompanyareplantingtheirpoplartreesonprivatelandthathasbeenpreviouslydisturbed,suchasabandonedcoalminesinPennsylvania.Themodifiedtreeswillbeplantedbetweennativeslikesweetgumandbaldcypresstoboostbiodiversityandmaintainsoilfertility(肥沃).PlantbiologistNorbertoMartinezfromtheUniversityofIllinoissuggeststheengineeredpoplartreesmaynotthriveoutdoorsorwillrequiremorewaterandfertilizertomaintaintheirfastgrowth.Manysustainableforestryorganizationshavealsobannedengineeredtreesfrombeingplantedinforests.TheGlobalJusticeEcologyProjectarguedthatthesetreescouldinterferewitheffortstoprotectandregenerateforests.Thoughtheremaybeopposingopinionsregardinggeneticallymodifiedpoplartrees,onethingisforsure:theyholdthepotentialtolowergreenhousegasesinourenvironmentatafasterrate.Thiscompany’sattemptiscertainlyaninnovativeapproachtotheongoingclimatecrisis.31.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThenecessitytoabsorbCO2. B.Thebasicideabehindengineeredtrees.C.Theeffectofphotosynthesisonplants. D.Theimportanceofenergytransformation.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“interferewith”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Save. B.Measure. C.Interrupt. D.Strengthen.33.Whatcanweinferabouttheengineeredpoplartrees?A.TheirfirstplantingstatewasPennsylvania.B.TheirpotentialtoabsorbCO2outweighsconcerns.C.Theycanreleasemoreoxygenthannormalpoplartrees.D.Theywillgrowbetterifplantedawayfromnormalplants.34.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.informandargue B.analyseandadviseC.argueanddiscuss D.examineandassess第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Communionisaverydifficultart.Tocommunewithoneanotherovermanyproblemsthatwehaverequireslisteningandlearning,whicharebothverydifficulttodo.____35____Tocommunewitheachother,werequireacertaincapacity,acertainwayoflistening-notmerelytogatherinformation,whichanyschoolboycando,butratherlisteninginordertounderstand.____36____Learningisnotmerelytheaccumulation(积累)ofknowledge.Knowledgeneverchangesthewayyouthink;experienceneverflowersintothebeautyofunderstanding.Mostofuslistenwiththebackgroundofwhatweknowandwehaveexperienced.Perhapsyouhavenevernoticedthedifferencebetweenthemindthatreallylearnsandthemindthatmerelygathersknowledge.____37____Itisalwaystranslatingwhatithearsintermsofitsownexperienceorintermsoftheknowledgewhichithasgathered.Itiscaughtupintheprocessofaccumulatingandaddingtowhatitalreadyknows,andsuchamindisincapableoflearning.Idonotknowifyouhavenoticedthis.Soitseemstomeveryimportantthatwecommunewitheachotherquietly,inadignifiedmanner,andforthattheremustbealisteningandalearning.Whenyoucommunewithyourownheart,whenyoucommunewithyourfriend,whenyoucommunewiththeskies,withthestars,withthesunset,withaflower,thensurelyyouarelisteningsoastolearn.Itdoesnotmeanthatyouacceptordeny.____38____Whenyoucommunewiththesunset,withafriend,withyourwifeorwithyourchild,youdonotcriticize,youdonotdenyorsupport,translateoridentify.Youarecommuning.Youarelearning.Youaresearchingout.____39____Ithinkitisimportanttounderstandthatamanwhoaccumulatescanneverlearn.Self-learningimpliesafreshandeagermind-amindthatisnotcommitted,thatdoesnotbelongtoanythingandthatisnotlimitedtoanyparticularfield.Itisonlysuchamindthatlearns.A.Mostofushardlylisten,andwehardlylearn.B.Hereisapersonalstorythatillustratesthisdifference.C.Themindthatisaccumulatingknowledgeneverlearns.D.Howcanwemaketheshiftfromaccumulatingtolearning?E.Itseemstomeoftheutmostimportancethatwedolisteninordertolearn.F.Fromthisinquirycomesthemovementoflearning,whichisneveraccumulative.G.Youarelearningandeitheracceptanceordenialofwhatisbeingsaidputsanendtolearning.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Therearemanyhistoricalsitesandplacesintheworldthatgiveusinsightandevidenceofthepastcivilization.Thesesiteshelpuslearnaboutourancestors,theirlivingandculture.Thesesitescanbecalledcommonoruniversalheritage(遗产)ofhumankindandourworldheritage.Thesesitesfromthepastcivilizationsareforallhumans.Wemustliveinthemtodayandalsopassthemontofuturegenerations.Theyteachusaboutourpastandrepresentthegreatachievementsofourancestorsandmakeusproud.Worldheritagehashistoricalculturalandeconomicsignificance.Ithasexceptionalvalueandimportanceforhumankindfromhistory,scienceandartspointsofviewandmustbecaredfor.ManyUNESCOsitesthatstandtodayareunderthreat.ThereisalistofthirtysitesbyUNESCOthatareendangered.Therearemanyexternalfactorsresponsiblefordamagingtheworldheritage,someofwhichareclimatechange,naturaldisasters,urbanizationanduncheckedtourisme