形容词副词介词市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

Grammaticalissues(3)PresentedbyLuXin1第1页第1页Ahostofchildishofcombinationofthistypeareusedinordinaryconversation,suchas‘fillup’,’fillin','fixup’,‘meltdown','meltup’…Thefactthat‘up’and‘down’canbeusedwithoutchangingthemeaningindicatesthattheprepositionhaslostitssignificance;indeed,muchofthisisbabytalk,entirelyunsuitedtotechnicalmatters;itshouldbeshunnedinseriouswriting.

----Rickard

2第2页第2页

GrammaticalissuesAdjectivesAdverbsPrepositionsConjunctions3第3页第3页Adjectives形容词

定义分类形容词排列顺序形容词和副词比较级最高级非等级形容词使用办法与特点4第4页第4页Adjectives形容词定义：形容词是用来描写或修饰名词一类词，多数形容词含有比较语法特性。形容词位置普通在其所修饰名词之前。

分类：1）性质形容词：hot,quick2）叙述形容词：5第5页第5页2）叙述形容词：A一些以a-开头形容词：afraidalivealoneashamedasleepawakeDon’tbeafraid.Nowthebabyisasleep.。Hewasaloneinthehouse.Notice:若要用作定语且含有以上意义，可改用其它误：anasleepchild,anashamedgirl,analivepoet正：asleepingchild,ashygirl,alivingpoetB.一些表示健康形容词：fineillwellHewasillandcouldn’tcome.6第6页第6页C.一些描述感觉或心情形容词：glad

pleased

sorry

I’mgladtohearthat.Youwillbesorryaboutthislater.Weareverypleasedwiththeplan.D.其它表语形容词：certain

sure

fondready

unableI’mcertain[sure]hewillcome.Heisfondofmusic.Wearereadytodoit.7第7页第7页形容词排列顺序限定词-性质-形状-颜色-起源-材料--基本特性和用途--n“限冠形龄色国材”e.g.Averyprettypurplesilkdresse.g.Thosebeautifullargesquareoldbrownwoodtablese.g.Radio,televisionandpress_________ofconveyingnewsasinformation.

A)arethemostthreecommonmeans

B)aremostthreecommonmeans

C)arethethreemostcommonmeans

D)arethreethemostcommonmeans.8第8页第8页形容词比较级最高级1比较级与最高级形式改变1）规则改变tall,taller,tallestnice,nicer,nicestbig,bigger,biggestbusy,busier,busiestclever,cleverer,cleverestimportant,moreimportant,mostimportant9第9页第9页

2）不规则改变good,better,bestbad/ill,worse,worstold,older/elder,oldest/eldestmuch/many,more,mostlittle,less,leastfar,farther/furtherfarthest/furthest10第10页第10页Aas+形容词或副词原级+as1）在否认句或疑问句中可用so…as。Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.2）as+形容词+a+单数名词/as+many/much+名词。Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.3）用表示倍数词或其它程度副词做修饰语时放在as前Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.11第11页第11页4）倍数+as+adj.+as<=>倍数+the…+of：Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.Americanseat________astheyactuallyneedeveryday.AtwiceasmuchproteinBtwiceproteinasmuchCtwiceproteinasmuchDproteinastwicemuchAfterthenewtechniquewasintroducedthefactoryproduced___tractorsin1988astheyearbefore.astwicemany

B.asmanytwiceC.twiceasmany

D.twicemanyas12第12页第12页B比较级形容词或副词+than

YouaretallerthanI.

Thelightsinyourroomarebrighterthanthoseinmine.Notice:1）要避免重复使用比较级。

×Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.

√Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.

√Heiscleverthanhisbrother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。

×ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.

√ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.13第13页第13页3）要注意相应句型，遵循前后一致原则。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.4）要注意定冠词在比较级中使用。比较：

Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?

Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?

Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.

Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.14第14页第14页C可修饰比较级词1）abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等。2）还能够用表示倍数词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词（除byfar）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词前面。----Areyoufeeling____?----Yes，I´amfinenow.A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetterTheexperimentwas____easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuchIftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime15第15页第15页

Dthe+最高级+比较范围1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.Notice:形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级含义，只表示"非常"。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.Notice:使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。

×Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.

√Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.16第16页第16页2）修饰最高级词，byfar,far,much,mostly,almostThishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.Notice:a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.17第17页第17页3）最高级意义有时能够用比较级表示出来。Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentsinhisclass.4）"否认词语+比较级"，"否认词语+so…as"结构也能够表示最高级含义。Nothingissoeasyasthis.Nothingiseasierthanthis.Thisistheeasiestthing.18第18页第18页E和more相关词组，1）themore…themore…

Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyou’llmake.2）moreBthanA=lessAthanBHeismorelazythanslowathiswork.Manyofthemwere_______inventorsthanscientists.A)less

B)more

C)more

D)worse3）nomore…than/noless…thanTheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.4）morethan:Sheismorethankindtousall.

19第19页第19页非等级形容词使用办法与特点非等级形容词主要特点是：通常不与程度副词连用，并且通常也不用于比较级和最高级，atomicphysics英语中类别形容词(即表示所修饰名词类别形容词)通常都是非等级形容词：daily

monthly

yearly

north

eastnorthernsouthernChineseBritishmale

femaleelectric

medical3.等级形容词和非等级形容词划分也并不是绝对，HeisveryFrench.。HeismoreEnglishthantheEnglish.20第20页第20页Adverbs副词

定义：分类：几种特殊副词使用办法21第21页第21页定义：副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词以及全句词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。分类：1） 简朴副词：Just，only,backNotice:有些简朴副词和形容词同形，

anearrelation

tocomenear

afastcar

todrivefast

akindlysmile

tospeakkindly

adailynewspaper

adailypublishednewspaper2）复合副词：somehow，somewhere,therefore22第22页第22页3)派生副词:interesting-interestinglyeasy-easilyNoticeA一些以-ly结尾词是形容词而不是副词：friendly，lively，lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly,timely

B兼有两种形式副词1)close

closelyHeissittingclosetome.vs.Watchhimclosely.2)free

freelyYoucaneatfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.

Youmayspeakfreely;saywhatyoulike.

3)hardhardly;late,

lately;most,mostly;wide,widelyhigh,highly;deep,

deeply;near,nearly23第23页第23页几种特殊副词使用办法：(1)enough,too

(A)enough放在形容词和副词后;too放在前面。

She’soldenoughtodosomework.

She’stoooldtodoanywork.

(B)too...to,enoughto+动词

Iamtoopoortoaffordsuchextravagance

Youarerichenoughtokeepamaid24第24页第24页(2)very,much,(A)very修饰形容词，副词；much(或verymuch)修饰动词。

Hespokeverycarefully.

Itismuchtalkedaboutthesedays.(B)Very修饰原级形容词及副词；much修饰比较级，最高级形容词及副词

Yourworkisverygood.

Thisismuchbetter.

Thisismuch(byfar)thebest.25第25页第25页(3)already,yet,still,(A)Alreadyvs.YetIalreadylikehim..Hecan’tdriveyet.Haveyoualreadyseenhim?(B)StillIstilllikehim.Notice：Still放在动词前后，有时句意不同。Heisstillstanding.(continuetostand)Heisstandingstill.(=standingmotionless)26第26页第26页Prepositions介词介词定义介词分类介词使用办法27第27页第27页介词使用办法1.名词＋介词acquaintancewithattentiontocontributiontoobjectiontosympathywith

Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent

whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.A)from

B)with

C)to

D)for

28第28页第28页

2.形容词+介词

attitudeto/towards

absentfrom

afraidof

cleverat

faithfulto

guiltyof

oppositeto

popularwith

keenon

By1929,MickeyMousewasaspopular_____childrenasCoca-Cola.A)for

B)in

C)to

D)with

Cancerissecondonly______heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.A)ofB)toC)withD)from

29第29页第29页

3.动词＋介词

accountfor

aimat

beginwith

departfrom

leadto

persistinHewillagreetodowhatyourequire___________him.A)ofC)toB)fromD)for30第30页第30页4.介词+名词

athand

byaccident

beyonddoubt

inaddition

forthemoment

fromtimetotime

withthepurposeof

byaccident

Iwas_______thepointoftelephoninghimwhenhisletterarrived.A)in

B)to

C)at

D)onThesurvivalofcivilizationasweknowis______threat.A)withinB)under

C)towards

D)upon

Findingajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeen_____hiswildestdreams.A)under

B)overC)aboveD)beyond

31第31页第31页

5.复合介词accordingtoalongwithbecauseofbymeansofinaccordancewithowingtotogetherwithwithregardtoasforasto（至于）inviewofforthesakeofonaccountofEverymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto____thecolorofhisskinA)withtheexceptionofB)inthelightofC)byvirtueofD)regardlessof32第32页第32页6惯用短语介词Myfatherseemedtobeinno______tolookatmyschoolreport.A)moodB)emotionC)attitudeD)feelingWillallthose_______theproposalraisetheirhands?A)inrelationtoB)inexcessofC)incontrasttoD)infavorof____onetime,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.A)OnB)ByC)AtD)Of33第33页第33页Conjunctions连词定义分类连词使用办法：并列连词使用办法从属连词使用办法34第34页第34页并列连词使用办法1.表示转折关系并列连词。这类连词主要有but,yet等。Someoneborrowedmypen,butIdon’trememberwho.。Hesaidhewasourfriend,yethewouldn’thelpus.2.表示因果关系并列连词，for,soThechildhadabadcough,sohismothertookhimtothedoctor.Youaresupposedtogetridofcarelessness,foritoftenleadstoseriouserrors.35第35页第35页3.表示并列关系并列连词。这类连词主要有and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…but(also),both…and,aswellas等。Hedidn’tgoandshedidn’tgoeither.Theweatherismildtoday;itisneitherhotnorcold.BothNewYorkandLondonhavetrafficproblems.Itisimportantforyouaswellasforme.Peoplewhoareeitherunderageoroveragemaynotjointhearmy.36第36页第36页从属连词使用办法1.引导时间状语从句从属连词(1)表示“当…时候”：when,while,as,whenever。

Don’ttalkwhileyou’reeating.

Vegetablesarebestwhentheyarefresh.

HecamejustasIwasleaving.(2)表示“在…之前(或之后)”：before,after。

Trytofinishyourworkbeforeyouleave.

Afterwehavefinishedtea,wewillsitonthegrass(3)表示“自从”或“直到”：since,until,till。

She’sbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.

Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.

37第37页第37页(4)表示“一…就”：assoonas,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,nosooner…than,hardly…whene.g.I’llletyouknowassoonasIhearfromher.ThemomentIhavefinishedI’llgiveyouacall.Onceyoubeginyoumustcontinue.(5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”：everytime，eachtime，(the)nexttime，anytime，(the)lasttime，thefirsttimeI’lltellhimaboutit(the)nexttimeIseehim.Weloseafewskincellseverytimewewashourhands.Youcancallmeanytimeyouwantto.38第38页第38页2.引导条件状语从句从属连词:if,unless,as[so]longas,incase等。如：DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?

Don’tcomeunlessItelephone.Aslongasyou’rehappy，itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.Incaseitrainstheywillstayathome.Weshouldbeabletodothejobforyouquickly，_______yougiveusallnecessaryinformation．

A．incase

B．providedthat

C．orelse

D．asif39第39页第39页3.引导目状语从句:inorderthat,incase,forfearTakeyourumbrella(just)incaseitrains.Sherepeatedtheinstructionsslowlyinorderthatheshouldunderstand.4.引导结果状语从句:sothat,so…that,such…that：IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat.IhadsomanyfallsthatIwasblackandblueallover.Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.—DoesAlanlikehamburgers？—Yes.Somuch__5__thatheeatsthemalmosteveryday.A.forB.asC.toD.so40第40页第40页5.引导原因状语从句从属连词:because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that),