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经典word整理文档，仅参考，转Word此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！Britainversion2.0PartOneGeographyChapterIAbriefintroductiontophysicalgeographyWhereistheU.K.?Andwhatisitmadeupof?Whatisitstotalarea?-TheU.K.issituatedinNorthwesternEurope,lyingtothenorthofFranceandthewestoftheNetherlandsandDenmark.ItismadeupofEngland,Scotland,Wales,andNorthernIreland.Itstotalareais242534squarekilometers.WhatarethepresentfeaturesoftheclimateofBritain?-Britainhasamaritimec1imate--wintersarenottoocoldandsummersare:nottoohot.Therefore,itstemperaturevarieswithinasmallrange,rarelyfallingbelow-5'Cinwinterorrisingabout24'Cinsummer.Sunshinehoursarefewerinmoresoutherly1climatesThe"backboneofEngland":ItreferstothePennines,arangeofhillsextendingabout257kmsouthwardfromtheCheviotHillsontheScottishbordertocentralEngland.Whatpercentageofthecountry'swaterrequirementsareobtainedfromundergroundsources?-About38%ofthecountry'swaterrequirementsdependonundergroundsources.ChapterIIIEconomyWhatarethecharacteristicsoftheBritisheconomy?-TheBritisheconomywasthefirsttohavebeenfullyindustrialized.Britainwasoneoftheworld'smostadvancedmanufacturingandtradingnations.Thepoundsterlingistheexchangecurrencyforaboutonethirdoftheworld's2foreigntrade.Theagriculturedoesnotproduceenoughfoodtomeetthecountry'sbasicneedsandpartofallvitalfoodstuffshastobeimported.Thelaborforceishomogeneous.ChapterVTheMainCitiesWhichcityisthecapitalofEnglandandGreatBritain?IsitthepoliticalcentreoftheCommonwealth?-LondonisthecapitalofEngland,anditisalsothepoliticalcentreoftheCommonwealth.WhatdoesLondonconsistofadministratively?-LondonadministrativelyconsistsofthecityofLondon,theoriginalnucleus,retainingamedievalsystemofgovernmentofcourtsofaldermenandanelectedlordmayor;andGreaterLondonametropolitancounty,madeupofInnerLondonboroughsand20OuterLondonboroughs.3GreaterLondon:Itisametropolitancounty(pop.7million),madeupof12InnerLondonboroughs,20OuterLondonboroughs.PartThreeCultureChapterIEducationHowmanyyearsdoesapupilstudyataprimarystateschool?-Sixyears,fromtheageoffivetoeleven.Whichtypeofschoolsenrollsthetoppupilsatsecondaryeducation?-Grammarschoolsenrollsthetoppupilsatsecondaryeducation.HowmanytypesofuniversitiesarethereinBritain?Whichtwouniversitiesarethemostfamousones?-Therearefivetypes:1)olduniversities,2)thefourScottishuniversities,3):themiddle-ageduniversities,4)thenewuniversities,5)theOpenUniversity,andBuckingham4University(independentuniversity).OxfordandCambridgearetheoldestandthemostfamousintheworld.Howare"public"schoolsfinanced?-PublicschoolsintheUKarefinancedmainlybyfeespaidbyparentsandprivatefunds.EtonCollege:ItisoneofthelargestindependentsecondaryschoolsinEnglandandoneofthemostprestigious.Howdoyouunderstand"Marriagesignifiesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily"?-Britishsocietyisbasedonfamilylifeandthefamilyisaself-containedeconomicandsocialunitwithmother,fatherandchildrenlivingtogetheraloneintheirownhouse.Somarriagesignifiesthebeginningofanewandindependentfamily.Howdothenewlywedssolvethe5problemofhousing?-1)Theylookthroughadvertisementstofindahouseforrent.2)Theymaymortgageahousethroughabuildingsociety.3)Iftheyhaveenoughmoneytheymaybuyahouse,butthisseldomhappens.WhatisthefirstcourseofanEnglishlunch?DoyouthinkitsimilarordifferentfromtheChinesewayofservingfood?-ThefirstcourseofanEnglishlunchisasmallquantityofsoup.ItisdifferentfromtheChinesewayofservingfood.InChinathisisusuallythelast.CanyoushowusanexampleoftheconservativecharacteristicoftheBritishpeople?-OneexampleisthattheBritishpeoplehavebeenslowadoptingrationalreforms,suchasthemetricsystem.SomepeoplesaythattheEnglishmanis6likeacoldfishthathasjustcomeoutoftheice.Whatdoyouthinkofthat?-Thismaybetrue.TheBritishpeoplearecoldbynature.Theydonotshowtheirfeelingsverymuchanddonotshowtheiremotioniftheyareveryhappyandneitherdotheyiftheyaresad.Forexample,whenyouworkatafactory,theguywhomyouworkwithnevertellsyouanythingabouthimself.Youmayworkwithhimforyears,yetyouevendon'tknowwherehelives,howmanychildrenhehasandwhathisinterestsare.fierceindividualism:Itistheideathattherightsandfreedomoftheindividualarethemostimportantrights.exclusiveness:Thisisthebest-knownqualityoftheBritishpeople.Itmeans,"IamEnglish.Youstayawayfromme.Iamexclusive.Iamquitehappytobe:myself.Idonotneedyou.Leaveme7alone."ChapterIIICustomsandHabitsWhatdidJohnBulldenoteintheseventeenthcenturyandwhatishisimage?-JohnBulldenotesBritainoranyEnglishmaninthe17thcentury.Hisimageisshortandfat,withatallhatonhisheadandpairofbootsonhisfeet.WhydoesanEnglishmanliketotalkabouttheweather?-Thereareprobablytworeasons.Oneistheuncertaintyoftheweather.Anotherreasonisthatweatherisasubjectwhichisquitesafe,friendlytotalk.about.Whatarethethree"Don'ts"?Andthree"ings"?-Three"Don'ts":Don'tjumpupthequeue.Don'taskawoman'sage.Don'ttrytobargaininBritainwhenyoudoshopping.8Three"Ings":betting,drinkingandtipping.ohnBull:ItisthenicknameofEnglandoratypicalEnglishman.ChapterIVHolidaysandFestivalsHowlongapproximatelydotheindustrialworkershaveforholidays?-Theindustrialworkershaveatleastfourweeks'paidholiday.HowdotheEnglishpeopleusuallyspendholidays?-Theyusuallyspendtheirholidaysattheresortsoftheseaside.Theretheyhaveswimming,bathing,orhaveotherkindsofamusement,suchasshooting,roundabouts,watchingabeautycontest,goingtoaconcertoraparty.Andsomeofthepeoplegoabroadforsightseeing.WhatfestivalisthegreatestinBritain?Whatisitssignificanceandatwhattimeisitcelebrated?-ChristmasDayisthegreatestfestival9inBritain.Itssignificance•istocommemoratethebirthofJesusChristwhichisonDecember25.Christmas:ChristmasDayisonDecember25,whichisthegreatestoftheChristianfestivals,commemoratingitasthebirthofJesusChrist.Itisbasically,ahomeorfamilyfestival.Thosewholiveawaytrytogetbackhometo:celebratethedaywiththefamily.Peoplesendpresents;cardstoeachotherespeciallychildrenhavetheirpresentsfromSantaClaus.Peopleusuallyhavealsumptuousdinner,manykindsofamusement.ChapterVWagesandSocialBenefitsHowlongisthestandardworkingweekusuallyinBritain?-Thestandardworkingweekisusuallythirty-fiveandfortyhours,andoftenspreadoverfivedays,fromMondaytoFriday.10WhatisthedifferencebetweenwagesandSalary?-Wagesispaymentmadeorreceivedforworkorservices,usuallyweekincash.Salaryispaymentforregularwork,usuallymonthly.HowmanykindsofpensionsintheUnitedKingdom?-TherearemainlysixkindsofpensionsintheUnitedKingdom.TheyareOccupationalPension,PersonalPension,StatePension,PensionCredit,Over80PensionandStakeholderPension.WhatarethethreemaingroupsofChristianity?WhichgroupdoestheChurchofEnglandbelongto?-ThethreegroupsofChristianityareCatholicism,theOrthodoxEasternChurch,andProtestantism.TheChurchofEnglandbelongstoProtestantism.11WhatarethemainfeaturesandtendenciesofreligioninBritain?-Themainfeaturesare:1)Thereisno"Christian"politicalparty,noanti-religiousor