2023年英语六级阅读练习题2

六级阅读练习题精选Directions:Thereare4passagesinthisPart.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorUnfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOneInthe1962movieLawrenceofArabia,onesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerlysnappingphotosofmenlootingasabotagedtrain.Oneofthelooters,ChiefAudaabuTayioftheHoweitatclan,suddenlynoticesthecameraandsnatchesit.AmIinthis?heasks,beforesmashingitopen.Tothedismayedreporter,Lawrenceexplains,Hethinksthesethingswillstealhisvirtue.Hethinksyou'reakindofthief.Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlands,storiesbegancirculatingabouthowindigenouspeoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.Theignorantnativesmayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.Upintothe1950sand1960s,manyethnographerssoughtpurepicturesofprimitivecultures,routinelydeletingmodernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.Theypaidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeasmembersofwarorhuntingparties,oftenwithlittleregardforveracity.EdwardCurtis,thelegendaryphotographerofNorthAmericanIndians,forexample,gotoneMakahmantoposeasawhalerwithaspearin1915--eventhoughtheMakahhadnothuntedwhalesinageneration.Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolated,primitive,andunchanging.Forinstance,NationalGeographicmagazine'sphotographshavetaughtmillionsofAmericansaboutothercultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointoutintheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographic,themagazinesinceitsfoundingin1888haskeptatraditionofpresentingbeautifulphotosthatdon'tchallengewhite,middle-classAmericanconventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttops,forexample,whitewomen'sbreastsaretaboo.Photosthatcouldunsettleordisturb,suchasareasoftheworldtornasunderbywarorfamine,arediscardedinfavorofthosethatreassure,toconformwiththesociety'sstatedpledgetopresentonlykindlyvisionsofforeignsocieties.Theresult,LutzandCollinssay,isthedepictionofanidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict.LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalot.Shereadthemagazineasachild,anditslushimageryinfluencedhereventualchoiceofanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthataspeoplelookatthephotographsofothercultures,theyshouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionandimages.1.Themainideaofthepassageis______________.[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.[B]ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.[C]PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticandidealizedworldstomaintainhighsales.[D]Anthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheirpictures,compromisingthetruthfulnessoftheirpictures.2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoften_________.[A]tookpictureswiththenatives[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands[C]askforpicturesfromthenatives[D]gavethenativesclocksandWesterndresses3.TheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato___________.[A]showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.[C]showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.[D]showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.4.“Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.”Inthissentence,the“one[culture]thatstaresback”refersto_______.[A]theindigenousculture[B]theWesternculture[C]theacademicculture[D]thenewsbusinessculture5.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree?[A]ReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpicturestakenoftheindigenoussocieties.[B]TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.[D]PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhitemiddle-classvalues.

答案及解析1.答案是[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.解析：本文的主题是，西方的媒体，为了迎合西方读者猎奇的心理，同时，为了不与西方读者的中产阶级价值观发生冲突，在他们拍摄的照片中，并不是真正客观公正地反映经济发展水平较为落后的社会中人们的生活。他们经常故意删除照片中反映西方文明烙印的成分，甚至摆布照片中的主人公，以描绘出一个西方读者想象中的，经济不发达的，有异域风情的，没有痛苦和阶级斗争的经济落后社会的画面。他们甚至避免刊登那些反映饥荒，战争，灾害的照片，以满足西方媒体“只刊登外国社会美好一面的照片”的默契。2.答案是[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands解析：文章第二段说，Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailable,scientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelers'exaggeratedaccounts.可见初期到原始社会旅行回来的人往往对本地的情况夸大其词。在照相机发明之后，科学家能更好地客观反映那些远方地区的真实情况。3.答案是[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.解析：文章的第一段介绍的是著名的1962年获得7项奥斯卡大奖的电影《阿拉伯的劳伦斯》（导演：DAVIDLEAN）中的一个片段。该电影本来与作者要讲的题目并无直接关系。作者仅仅通过一个电影中描述的场景来说明一个论点。那就是比较原始，开化较晚的社会，那里的人们对现代的文明，和从没见过的现代文明的产物容易产生误解。电影中的土著抢走了LAWRENCE的照相机，由于他怀疑，那从未见过的玩意儿会偷走他的“美好品德（VIRTUE）”。但是，作者在下文说，那些土著居民的紧张并非全无道理。由于西方的记者和学者们，为了描绘一个西方人心目中固有的土著社会（或者经济发展欠发达社会）的形象，故意篡改照片，满足西方读者的好奇心，并且故意迎合西方中产阶级的趣味。在短文中，作者有时候并不开宗明义，直奔主题，而是运用人们都熟悉的文化元素，例如诗歌，书籍，电影，歌曲等，引起读者对其讨论话题的爱好，然后再引入主题。并不是每一篇文章都会开门见山，读者不应当把每篇文章的首尾句都当成对文章大意的总结。4.答案是[A]theindigenousculture解析：Butinsomeways,anthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.本句是文章切入主题的重点句。考生应当格外注旨在阅读文章靠前部分出现的，以转折词（例如，HOWEVER，BUT，NEVERTHELESS，NONETHELESS等）开头的句子。那往往是作者叙述传统论点，或者普遍见解的关键地方。本句可以理解为：但是，在某些方面，人类学家拍摄的照片展现的与其说是那个盯视着照相机的（被拍摄的）文化，不如说是反映了拿着照相机的（西方）文化。作者暗示，照片反映了西方摄影者的偏见和对落后文化固有的见解，反映的是西方的价值观，并不是完全真实客观的那些不发达社会的写照。这句话基本上是对文章中心意思的总结。假如对文章的主题有大体的结识，就不会将本题选错。5.答案是[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.解析：CatherineLutz是文章中提到的1993年出版的READINGNATIONALGEOGRAPHIC的作者之一。她们在书中写道，《国家地理》杂志自从1888年创刊以来，就一直刊登那些不和美国中产阶级白人的价值观发生冲突的照片。照片中可以表现袒露胸部的黑色皮肤的妇女，但是白人妇女的胸部就是严禁刊登的对象。她们认为，这样做的后果就是，在那些西方主流杂志中展现的，似乎是相对而言没有痛苦的，也不存在阶级斗争的社会。因此答案CThewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties(西方媒体并没有展现落后地区的真实画面)最能表现该作者的观点。Notes生词注释：snapv.按动快门lootv.掠夺，抢劫sabotagev./n.（从事）破坏活动indigenousadj.本土的exaggeratedadj.夸张的anthropologicaladj.人类学的ethnographern.民族志学者，人种学者accoutrementn.穿着，配备enactv.（本文）扮演ritualn.典礼，（宗教）典礼，礼节veracityn.真实性legendaryadj.传说中的，传奇般的reinforcev.增强stereotypen.陈腔滥调；老套taboon.禁忌，避讳unsettlev.令人不安depictionn.描述lushadj.青葱的，味美的，繁荣的PassageTwoTheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andgovernment.Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour—ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medicalschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclearfromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool'sexaminationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finally,thetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm,fair,transparent,andconsistent.6.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools?[A]Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.[B]Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.[C]Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.7.Accordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause____________.[A]Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.[B]Thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine.[C]Themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment.[D]Cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools.8.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofcheating?[A]Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.[B]Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheating.[C]Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren’scheatingbehaviour.[D]CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV.9.Accordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating?[A]Medicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowintegrity.[B]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.[C]Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.[D]Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents.10.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?[A]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetition.[B]Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschools.[C]Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofintegrity.[D]Thosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool.答案及解析6.答案是[D]Reliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.解析：文章第一段说，Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.可见，到目前为止，我们还不很了解医学院作弊现象的严重限度，也不甚明了如何对该类现象进行防止和管理。既然目前所掌握的DATA是insufficient（不充足的），那么[A][B][C]所说的都不符合文章的原意，故均为错误选项。只有[D]的叙述对的。7.答案是[A]Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.解析：作者在第二段说，人们一致认为，医学的基础就是诚信。在医学院就作弊的学生通常比其别人更容易做出欺骗病人，同事，和政府的事情。因此，医学以诚信为本的性质就决定了，对医学院的作弊行为应当坚决打击。[B]项说的是打击作弊行为的结果，而不是因素。[C]医学依靠政府，[D]医学院中作弊行为普遍存在，都不符合文章内容。8.答案是[A]Family,cultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.解析：[A]的内容符合文章的原意。作者在讨论作弊现象的根源时，结论是，作弊现象存在，因素是多方面的。学生在上医学院之前受到的家庭，社会和文化的熏陶在很大限度上决定他们是否会在考试中作弊。也就是选项[A]的内容。[B][C][D]的说法虽然都有道理，但是都过于绝对。学校的环境，家长的教育，电视的影响，虽然都起一定作用，但是都不能说是决定性的。Leading，always，primarily之类的用词决定了它们都不是最佳选项。9.答案是[C]Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.解析：[A]“医学院应当确立明确道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者”是错误选项。由于文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候，作者用的是虚拟语气have的过去式had（ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance）：假如能有可靠的标准，能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应当照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。[B]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.和文章的内容相反。由于文章明确地说Medicalschools...cannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.[C]项错，由于文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德素质不仅不会提高，并且也许下降（regress）。但是作者并没有说，医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采用相应措施，imbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity，（增强未来的医师们的道德感）。10.答案是[C]Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofintegrity.解析：[C]项和文章最后一段的Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing相呼应。[A]错，由于作者没有建议医学院应当减少考试难度。[B]的叙述不准确，由于作者的本意是医学界的要人应当树立楷模，而不是让他们设定一套人人遵循的行规。[D]错，作者仅建议医学院对有违反道德准则学生的处罚应当是坚决，公正，透明和统一的。作者并没有明确倡议一旦有作弊行为就将其开除出校。Notes生词注释：inappropriateadj.不合适的;不适宜的lenientadj.宽容的,宽恕的,仁慈的validityn.的确性,效力,合法性multifactorialadj.(不常用)多方面的familialadj.家庭的normn.标准,规范,准则rampantadj.繁茂的,蔓延的,(本文)猖獗的imbuev.浸透,使充满,感染ethicaladj.道德的;伦理的remedyv.治疗,修理,补救integrityn.正直,诚实,清廉,完整regressv.退回,倒退pervasiveadj.到处弥漫的,到处渗透的nurturingadj.养育的,培养的infractionn.违反,违法的行为transparentadj.透明的

PassageThreeAbigfocusofthecriticismofcomputergameshasconcernedthecontentofthegamesbeingplayed.Whenthenarrativesofthegamesareanalyzedtheycanbeseentofallintosomegenres.ThetwogenresmostpopularwiththechildrenIinterviewedwere‘Platformers’and‘Beat-them-ups.’PlatformgamessuchasSonicandSuperMarioinvolveleapingfromplatformtoplatform,avoidingobstacles,movingonthroughthelevels,andprogressingthroughthedifferentstagesofthegame.Beat-them-upsarethegameswhichhavecausedconcernovertheirviolentcontent.Thesegamesinvolvefightsbetweenanimatedcharacters.Inmanywaysthisviolencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren’scartoonswhereacharacterishitovertheheadorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.Controversyhasoccurredinpartbecauseoftheintensityofthegameplay,whichissaidtospilloverintochildren’severydaylives.Thereareworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolentandaggressiveafterprolongedexposuretothesegames.Playingcomputergamesinvolvesfeelingsofintensefrustrationandangerwhichoftenexpressesitselfinaggressive‘yells’atthescreen.Itisnotonlythe‘Beat-them-up’gameswhichproducethisaggression;platformgamesarejustasfrustratingwhenthecharacterslosealltheir‘lives’and‘die’justbeforetheendofthelevelisreached.Computergamingreliesuponintenseconcentrationonthemovingimagesonthescreenanddemandsgreathand-to-eyecoordination.Whentheplayerlosesandthewords‘Gameover’appearonthescreen,thereisannoyanceandfrustrationatbeingbeatenbythecomputerandathavingmadeanerror.Thisangerandaggressioncouldperhapsbecomparedtotheaggressionfeltwhenplayingfootballandyoutakeyoureyeofftheballandenabletheoppositiontoscore.Theannoyanceexperiencedwhendefeatedatacomputergameiswhatmakesgaming‘addictive’:theplayerisdeterminednottomakethesamemistakeagainandtohave‘onelastgo’inthehopeofdoingbetternexttime.Someoftheconcernovertheviolenceofcomputergameshasbeenaboutchildrenwhoareunabletotellthedifferencebetweenfictionandrealityandwhoactouttheviolentmovesofthegamesinfightontheplayground.Theproblemwithvideogamesisthattheyinvolvechildrenmorethantelevisionorfilmsandthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheirsocialbehavior.Playingthesegamescanleadtoanti-socialbehavior,makechildrenaggressiveandaffecttheiremotionalstability.11.Whatisthetopicofthisarticle?[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelofviolenceinchildren

[B]ThereisnodifferencebetweenPlatformgamesand‘Beat-Them-Ups’.

[C]Howtocontrolangerwhileplayingcomputergames

[D]Howtomakechildrenspendlesstimeoncomputergames12.Whichofthefollowinggamesissupposedtocontainviolentcontent?[A]Sonic

[B]SuperMario

[C]Platformer

[D]Beat-Them-Up13.Whatdoesunscathed(Paragraph1,Lastline)probablymean?[A]unsettled

[B]unbeaten

[C]unharmed

[D]unhappy14.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,howdoesviolencerelatetoplayingcomputergames?[A]Whenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperiencefrustrationandanger.

[B]Beat-Them-Upsaremorepopularwithchildrenthereforemorelikelytoproduceviolentbehavior.

[C]Peoplewhohavegoodhand-eye-coordinationtendtobemoreviolentthanothers.

[D]Theviolentcontentinthegamesgetschildrenaddictedtothegames.15.Accordingtotheauthor,whydovideogamesleadtoviolencemorethanTVormovies?[A]Becausechildrencannottellfictionfromreality.WWW.CN-MPA.COM2023-8-165:10:56

[B]Becausechildrenliketoactoutthescenesinthegamesontheplayground.

[C]BecausecomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVorfilms.

[D]Becausecomputergamescanproducemoreanti-socialbehavior.答案及解析11.答案是[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelofviolenceinchildren解析：文章的主题，可以从第一段中看出。作者开头就说，Abigfocusofthecriticismofcomputergameshasconcernedthecontentofthegamesbeingplayed（计算机游戏的内容遭到很多非议）。第二段开头，作者又用这样的话引出下文：Controversyhasoccurredinpartbecauseoftheintensityofthegameplay,whichissaidtospilloverintochildren’severydaylives.Thereareworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolentandaggressiveafterprolongedexposuretothesegames.（计算机游戏引起争议，有部分因素是由于，小孩打游戏总是过了头，游戏已经渗透到他们生活中去。人们紧张，孩子们由于打游戏时间过长，渐渐变的有暴力倾向。）第三段开头，作者说，Someoftheconcernovertheviolenceofcomputergameshasbeenaboutchildrenwhoareunabletotellthedifferencebetweenfictionandreality对计算机游戏的一些紧张，来自于孩子无法辨别虚构世界和现实世界。可见，作者本文重要讨论的问题，是计算机游戏中的暴力给孩子们带来的影响。12.答案是[D]Beat-Them-Up解析：该细节可以在文章第一段找到。文章第一段介绍了重要的两类电子游戏：Platformers和Beat-Them-Ups。前者涉及Sonic和超级玛丽。后者是打游戏者作为游戏中的卡通人物的单人独斗类游戏，后者一般被认为有暴力内容。关键语句为Beat-them-upsarethegameswhichhavecausedconcernovertheirviolentcontent.13.答案是[C]unharmed解析：可以根据上下文判断：文章第一段结尾，unscathed出现的语句为，Inmanywaysthisviolencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren’scartoonswhereacharacterishitovertheheadorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.（从很多方面来说，可以把电子游戏里的暴力和卡通片里的暴力比较：卡通片中的人物被击中脑袋，或者从悬崖上掉下去，也可以毫发无损地走开。）只有[C]对的。其他选项，[A]unsettled：紊乱的，无人居住的，东飘西荡的，不安定的。[B]unbeaten：未捣碎的，未被击败的；未被超越的；[D]unhappy：不快乐的，不幸福的，都是错误选项。14.答案是[A]Whenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperiencefrustrationandanger.解析：文章第二段介绍为什么沉迷于电子游戏中会使孩子们产生暴力倾向。作者先将本段内容在开头进行综述，小孩打游戏总是过了头，游戏已经渗透到他们生活中去。人们紧张，孩子们由于打游戏时间过长，渐渐变的有暴力倾向。特别是游戏即将败北的时候，玩家就会觉得沮丧，为自己曾经的失误气恼，总想再来一次（have‘onelastgo’）。作者说，Platforms和Beat-Them-Ups同样会使孩子们觉得败北后的沮丧，因此[B]的说法，Beat-Them-Ups更受欢迎，因此更容易激发暴力行为，是错误的。[C]，手眼协调杰出的人更容易有暴力倾向，文章并没有相关内容。[D]，游戏中的暴力使得孩子们沉迷于游戏中，文章也没有这样的说法。作者认为，容易使孩子们沉迷于其中的，是他们自己玩游戏时候的败北，游戏结束时，看到GAMEOVER，他们对自己在打那一局时所犯错误的懊恼。15.答案是[C]BecausecomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVorfilms.解析：问的是为什么电子游戏比电影和电视更容易激发孩子们的暴力行为。解题的关键语句是Theproblemwithvideogamesisthattheyinvolvechildrenmorethantelevisionorfilmsandthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheirsocialbehavior.电子游戏比电影或电视都更容易让孩子们有身临其境的参与感，从而对他们的社会行为影响更大。容易错选成[A]，孩子们分不清虚构和现实世界，这虽然是文章原句，但这并不是作者想引出的游戏和影视的主线区别。[D]是打游戏的结果，并不是作者想探究的，为什么游戏比影视更容易让孩子产生暴力行为的因素。注释Notesnarrativen.（本文中作名词）叙述，故事genren.类型，流派obstaclen.障碍物animatedadj.动画的cliffn.悬崖unscathedadj.毫发无损的controversyn.争议spilloverinto进一步到，渗透到prolongedadj.长时间的frustrationn.挫折coordinationn.协调，协调性annoyancen.烦恼，烦扰，恼怒，恼火addictiveadj.让人上瘾的implicationn.含义，内涵stabilityn.稳定性，稳定PassageFourInBrazil,thedebateovergeneticallymodifiedorganisms,orGMOs,affectsmostlysoybeanproduction.Brazilistheworld'ssecondlargestproducerofsoybeansbehindtheUnitedStatesandaheadofArgentina.MostEuropeanandAsianretailerswanttoremainGMfree.Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)inBrazilaregoingonamediaoffensivetopreventthelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.Environmentalistsandconsumergroupsforyearshavebeenabletothwartgovernmentandcompanies'attemptstolegalizealteredfood.Inradiodramasthatarebeingbroadcastinremoteregions,BrazilianNGOsaretellingsoyfarmerstheuseofgeneticallymodifiedseedscouldendangertheirhealth,theirfieldsandtheirbusiness.Wearenotsayingthatgeneticengineeringis,inprinciple,somethingbad;wesaythatweneedmoresciencetobesurethatitwillworkinanappropriatewaywithnoharminthefuture,saidcampaigncoordinatorJean-MarcvonderWeid.Thisisbothforhealthandenvironmentalreasons.Theotherquestionisoneconomics.WhatwethinkisthatinBrazil,ifweapprovetheGMOs,wewillloseaspectacularadvantagethatwehavenow.Wearesellingmoretotheinternationalmarket,mostlyforEuropeandAsia,thanwehavedoneinourhistory,becausewearenotGMOcontaminated.Anotheroppositiongroup,ActionAid,hasbeenorganizinggrass-rootssupportinBrazilianfarmingregionstorouseconsumersentimentagainstlegalization.ActionAidpublicpolicydirectorAdrianoCampolinasaysheisfightingforfarmerstoremainindependent.Whenthesmall-scalefarmerorabigfarmerstartsusingthiskindofseed,thisfarmerwillbecompletelydependentonthetransnationals,whichcontrolintellectualpropertyrightsovertheseseeds,hesaid.BrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansaidthereshouldbechecksonwhatmultinationalscando,butthatdoesn'tmeanGMseedsshouldbebanned.Hesaysfearsovertheirusageareunfounded.Despitetheofficialban,Dr.PavansaysuptoonethirdofBrazil'ssoycropisgeneticallymodified,becauseGMseedisbeingsmuggledfromArgentina.Brazil'sgovernmenthasinvestedheavilyinaGMprojectbytheU.S.biotechcompany,Monsanto,buttheprojectwasputonicefollowingasuccessfulcourtchallengebyconsumers.Theanti-GMOgroupsarehopingthepoliticians'preoccupationwiththeOctoberpresidentialelectionwillgivethemtimetogatherenoughsupporttodefeatanyfutureattemptstolegalizegeneticallyalteredcrops.41.Accordingtothepassage,theissueindisputeinBrazilis___________.[A]contaminationoftheenvironmentbygeneticallymodifiedcropsWWW.CN-MPA.COM2023-5-2722:19:31

[B]Brazil’sstandingintheinternationalmarket

[C]theOctoberpresidentialelection

[D]thelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms42.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilistheworld’s_____________soybeanproducer.[A]largest

[B]secondlargest

[C]thirdlargest

[D]fourthlargest43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutNGOsinBrazil?[A]Theybelievegeneticallymodifiedcropswillharmthefarmers’health.

[B]Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabadpractice.

[C]TheybelievescientificmethodsshouldbeintroducedtoensureGMbringsnoharm.

[D]TheybelieveGMOswillharmBrazileconomically.44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheorganizationcalledActionAid?[A]Theyencouragethefarmerstoproducegeneticallymodifiedproducts.

[B]Theyencouragethefarmerstodependonthemselvesforseeds.

[C]Theystronglysupportthelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedproducts.

[D]Theyencouragethefarmerstoupgradetheirfarmstobiggerones.45.WhatdoestheBrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansayaboutgeneticallymodifiedproducts?[A]Geneticallymodifiedseedsshouldbebanned.

[B]Brazilgovernmentshouldcrackdownonthesmugglingofgeneticallymodifiedseeds.

[C]Thefearovertheuseofgeneticallymodifiedseedsisuncalledfor.

[D]Consumersshouldfilemorelawsuitstoprotecttheirrights.答案及解析41.答案是[D]thelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms解析：本文介绍的是巴西的一些民间组织如何反对转基因作物。他们从转基因产品对环境的污染，对农户身体的损害，以及对巴西经济的影响出发，反对政府将转基因作物合法化。文章重要介绍的是Non-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)和ActionAid两个组织。作者在文章末尾也介绍了一些其他的立场。例如巴西科学家CrodowaldoPavan，他认为不能简朴地将转基因作物一棍子打死。过度的担忧是没有必要的。政府即使严禁转基因作物，也有从阿根廷走私过来的种子，这使得巴西三分之一的作物事实上都是转基因的。巴西政府本来投资准备和美国的生化公司Monsanto合作，但是由于消费者起诉并打赢了官司，该项目只能束之高阁。反对转基因作物的组织还打算在10月的总统大选前对政客们施加压力，准备将反对转基因作物的斗争进行到底。42.答案是[B]secondlargest解析：相关内容在文章开头:Brazilistheworld'ssecondlargestproducerofsoybeansbehindtheUnitedStatesandaheadofArgentina.巴西为世界上第二大大豆生产国。仅次于美国，位居阿根廷之前。43.答案是[B]Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabadpractice.解析：文章第二段介绍的是NGO的立场。作者引用NGO负责人Jean-MarcvonderWeid的话说，Wearenotsayingthatgeneticengineeringis,inprinciple,somethingbad;wesaythatweneedmoresciencetobesurethatitwillworkinanappropriatewaywithnoharminthefuture,saidcampaigncoordinatorJean-MarcvonderWeid.Thisisbothforhealthandenvironmentalreasons.（我们并不是说转基因工程不好；我们的立场是，需要用科学方法来保证它不会在将来对环境导致危害。这重要是出于对环境和健康的考虑。）四个选项中只有[B]不符合NGO的立场。44.答案是[B]Theyencouragethefarmerstodependonthemselvesforseeds.解析：文章第三段介绍的是另一个反对组织，ActionAid。它也同样反对降转基因作物合法化。它号召巴西的农户不要依靠跨国公司作为种子的来源，否则就会被牢牢地控制住，失去自主权。45.答案是[C]Thefearovertheuseofgeneticallymodifiedseedsisuncalledfor.解析：文章第四段有如下内容:BrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansaidthereshouldbechecksonwhatmultinationalscando,butthatdoesn'tmeanGMseedsshouldbebanned.Hesaysfearsovertheirusageareunfounded.巴西科学家CrodowaldoPavan认为应当对跨国公司实行一定的监督,但是不能对转基因作物全盘否认。他说，紧张转基因作物的危害，是没有根据的（unfounded）。这和[C]的叙述相符合。注释Notessoybeann.大豆retailern.零售商人,传播的人offensiven.袭击legalizationn.合法化,公认thwartvt.反对,阻碍,横过spectaculara.公开展示的,惊人的contaminatevt.弄污,弄脏,染污,传染,毒害grass-roots由乡间民间来进行的;一般民众的;a.一般民众的,由乡间民间来进行的sentimentn.感情,感伤,情操,情趣,感想,意见;情绪transnationalunfoundeda.无理由的;无稽的smugglevt.偷运,走私,私运beputonice（美国俚语）被束之高阁preoccupationn.先取,先入成见,偏见,出神PassageTwo

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