新概念英语第四册笔记大全

LIFindingfossilmancamefrom.

WecanreadofthingsthathappenedFortunately,however,ancientmen

5,000yearsagointheNearEast,wheremadetoolsofstone,especiallyflint,

peoplefirstlearnedtowrite.Buttherebecausethisiseasiertoshapethan

aresomepartsoftheworldwhereevenotherkinds.Theymayalsohaveused

nowpeoplecannotwrite.Theonlywaywoodandskins,butthesehaverotted

thattheycanpreservetheirhistoryistoaway.Stonedoesnotdecay,andsothe

recountitassagas——legendshandedtoolsoflongagohaveremainedwhen

downfromonegenerationofeventhebonesofthemenwhomade

storytellerstoanother.Theselegendsthemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.

areusefulbecausetheycantellusNewwordsandexpressions

somethingaboutmigrationsofpeoplerecount/ri'kaunt/v.叙述/,

wholivedlongago,butnonecouldrei'kaunt/再数一次

writedownwhattheydid.record/'rekfd//ri'kC:d/第一个音节

Anthropologistswonderedwherethe带重音，名前动后

remoteancestorsofthePolynesian叙述：recount:emotionless重复

peoplesnowlivinginthePacificdescribe

Islandscamefrom.Thesagasofthesedepict：alittleemotional

peopleexplainthatsomeofthemcamenaiTate：temporal&spacial根据时间

fromIndonesiaabout2,000yearsago.或空间顺序描述。

Butthefirstpeoplewhowerelikeportray：描述

ourselveslivedsolongagothatevensaga/ka:g[/n.英雄故事描述的内容

theirsagas,iftheyhadany,aremostlyreal北欧海盗活动的故事

forgotten.Soarchaeologistshavelegend/1edV[nd/n.传说，彳"Wunreal

neitherhistorynorlegendstohelptheme.grobinhood

tofindoutwherethefirst'modernmen'anthropologist/'AnWr['pCl[dVist/n.人

类学家Polynesia波利尼西亚

anthrop：人poly-多

philosophere:philo+sopherl爱+智polyandric:awifewithmorethan

慧=哲学家onehusband

philanthropist:慈善家(对人有爱心polygeny:ahusbandwithmore

的人)thanonewife

anthropology:人类学flint/flint/n.燧石flintinghearted

带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology生fossil/'fCsl/n.化石cobble鹅

物学geography地理学ecology卵石

生态学readof读到

remote/ri'm[ut/n.遥远谈至！J：speakof,talkof,knowof,hearof

ancestor/'Ansest[/n.祖先neareast：近东mediterranean,south

an-在前面europe,northafric

forefather,forebear,predecessorfareast

祖先非限定性从句，表原因

rot/rCt/v.烂掉oral(spoken)languageisearlierthan

leavemerot.=leavemealongwrittenlanguage.

rottodeath.precede:什么在什么之前，不用比较，

soonripe,soonrotten.直接跟名词

decay国家民族逐渐衰亡counterpart:twothingsortwopeople

decompose逐渐衰竭deteriorate关系havethesameposition

逐渐恶化oral(spoken)languageisearlierthan

trace/treis/n.痕迹，踪迹writtencounterpart.

tracetheproblempreserve:保留，保存(腌制)

ifollowyourtrace=ifollowwhere如果句中有only,那后面的表语结构

yougo就要用todosth,而不是doingsth.

storyteller:讲故事的人peel:果皮

fortuneteller,palmreader:算命先生leather:皮革

migration：移民1)migrant2)hide:兽皮cowhide:牛皮

immigrantwithout(any)trace:无影无踪

v.migrate:迁移，迁徙

migratorybird:候鸟L2Sparethatspider

none:nobodyWhy,youmaywonder,shouldspiders

peopled-s民族beourfriends?Becausetheydestroy

iftheyhadany:即便是有somanyinsects,andinsectsinclude

hisrelatives,ifhehadany,neverwentsomeofthegreatestenemiesofthe

tovisithimwhenhewashospitalized.humanrace.Insectswouldmakeit

findout千方百计，费尽周折=impossible.forustoliveintheworld;

exploretheywoulddevourallourcropsandkill

modernmen:themenwhowerelikeourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfor

ourselvestheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eating

however—anywhereyouwant，力口逗animals.Weowealottothebirdsand

号beastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthem

but,yet—不加标点,onlyattheputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthe

beginningofthesentencenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,

therefore—自由unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,

so—自由spidersneverdotheleastharmtousor

tool:小工具our

instrument:实验器械belongings.

equipment:设备Spidersarenotinsects,asmany

shape:成型;教育，改造peoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedto

mayalsohave:表推测them.Onecantellthedifferencealmost

ataglanceforaspideralwayshaseightyouarethesameflock.也可指人

legsandaninsectnevermorethansix.herd多指牛群cowherdcowboy

Howmanyspidersareengagedinthisthrongandcrowdswarm

workonourbehalf?Oneauthorityonowevt.感激欠ioweyou.i

spidersmadeacensusofthespidersinoweyouabigfavor.欠issue

agrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,obligeindebtappreciate——常用口

andheestimatedthatthereweremore语词正式：gratefulthankful

than2,250,000inoneacre,thatisbeastn兽形容人野蛮无比，不能用

somethinglike6,000,000spidersofanimal形容

differentkindsonafootballpitch.creature可以指小孩,女人，

Spidersarebusyforatleasthalfthe不用于男性.

yearinkillinginsects.ItisimpossibleFraction小部分分数，小数a

tomakemorethanthewildestguessatfractionofricewillsuffice

howmanytheykill,buttheyarehungryononezsbehalf代表...利益

creatures,notcontentwithonlythreeIbeatyouonyourbehalf.我打你是为

mealsaday.Ithasbeenestimatedthat你

theweightofalltheinsectsdestroyed好onbehalfofsomebody/something

byspidersinBritaininoneyearwoulde.gonbehalfofChinesegovernmenton

begreaterthanthetotalweightofallbehalfof=represent

thehumanbeingsinthecountry.authority/C:'WCriti/n.权

T.H.GILLESPIESparethatSpider威authorize批准authoritative权威

fromTheListener性的authoritarian独裁的

Newwordsandexpressionsflocks-tarian带有这种词缀的词都是坏

andherds牛群和羊群词dictator独裁者dictatorial独裁的

/flCk/thebirdsofthesamefeatherauthorities1.权威（可单数可复

flocktogether.物以类聚，人以群分数）2.当局（复数）

census/sens[s/n.统计数llutionbefallshumanbeings.

据thefifthnationalpopulationcensus.why,youmaywonder,oneofmyfriends

censor审查issokindhearted.

censorious挑剔的，挑刺的destroy程度比damage要重得多，片

acre/'eik[/n.英亩1acre=4047甲不留，消灭光

squaremeterstearintopieces

footballpitch足球greatestenemies:天

场footballyardfootballcourtfootbal敌dyingenemycryingenemy

1fielddearenemy

becontentwith满足于满足作表语，humanrace:人的种族，一般不加复数,

不能出现定语结构表示一个总称词

Heiscontentwithstatusquo.impossible和possible永远不要以人

contentedheart:心满意足的人开头

spare/spZ[/v.不伤害,宽Itisimpossibleforsomebodytodosom

恕sparemeHedoesn'tsparehimselfething.

likely可以以人做主语。

Isparenoeffortstolearnenglish.（spariamlikelytogo.probable也不以人做

enoefforts:不遗余力作什么）主语

Notesonthetexttheywould表示假设

why,youmaywonder-devour狼吞虎咽devourthefood

youmaywonderwhy插入语先不管插makeacakeofmyselfmakeagodofm

入语，弄清句子结构yselfdevourthebook

youmaywonderwhyspidersshouldbeit虚拟语气前面是主句，下面是条件

ourfriends?插入语位置不固定句

why以疑问句开头前面一般的加动词devour,后面用一般

why,youmaywonder,theproblemofpo过去时

Ifitwerenotfor:如果这不是因为didnotgooutoftheirwaytocourtsue

Iwouldnotsurviveifitwerenotforhishexcitement.Theyhadasingleaim,as

timelyhelp.olitarygoal—thetop!

butfor一定是虚拟语气—Itishardforustorealizenowadaysho

ifitwerenotforwdifficultitwasforthepioneers.Exce

owe感激，欠ioweyou.ptforoneortwoplacessuchasZermatt

引出主题andChamonix,whichhadrapidlybeco

allofthemputtogether:把他们堆至I」——mepopular,Alpinevillagestendedtob

起谓语动词是killeimpoverishedsettlementscutofffrom

destroyed后置定语，重心转到spidercivilizationbythehighmountains.Sue

hinnsastherewereweregenerallydirt

L3Mattonhornyandflea-ridden;thefoodsimplylocal

Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmountainscheeseaccompaniedbybreadoftentwe

byaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsIvemonthsold,allwasheddownwithc

port,andthemoredifficultitis,themoroarsewine.Oftenavalleyboastednoin

ehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringnatall,andclimbersfoundshelterwher

days,however,thiswasnotthecaseatevertheycould—sometimeswiththeloc

all.Theearlyclimberswerelookingforalpriest(whowasusuallyaspoorashis

theeasiestwaytothetopbecausethesparishioners),sometimeswithshepher

ummitwastheprizetheysought,especidsorcheesemakers.Invariablytheback

allyifithadneverbeenattainedbefore.groundwasthesame:dirtandpoverty,

Itistruethatduringtheirexplorationstandveryuncomfortable.Formenaccus

heyoftenfaceddifficultiesanddangerstomedtoeatingseven-coursedinnersan

ofthemostperilousnature,equippedindsleepingbetweenfinelinensheetsat

amannerwhichwouldmakeamodernhome,thechangetotheAlpsmusthave

climbershudderatthethought,buttheybeenveryhardindeed.

Newwordsandexpressions6、court(multiplemeanings多义词)

1、alpinist(l.l)/'$lpinist/n.登山运动1)朝廷朝臣courtier

口

贝2)courteous彬彬有礼的

climbermountaineer3)法庭

词根：alp-Alps(1.16)/$lps/n.阿尔卑4)娱乐场足球场soccer/footballcourt

斯山脉Alpine(1.9)/$lpain/adj.阿尔卑高尔夫球场golfcourt

斯山的5)追求

2、attain(1.4)/+'tein/v.到达6)招致骄兵必败pridecourtsfailure

togetto7>solitary(1.6)/'s&lrt+ri/adj.唯一的

toarriveat/insol-独solo独唱独奏

toattainone'sgoal=realizesolitude孤独

toattainthetop/peak/summit达到顶点Iliveinsolitude.=Ilivealonelylife.

attainyou山永葆青春8、pioneer(1.2)/?pai+'n+/v.开辟，倡

attainment(n)attainments成导；n.先锋，开辟者

就accomplishment9、impoverish(11.9-10)/$m'p&v+rM/v

3、perilous(1,5)/'peril+s/adj.危险,使贫困poor(口语词)

的peril(随时可能出现的)危险罗素名言：

avalanche雪崩Agreatmanymanwillcheerfullyfacei

4、shudder(1.5)/,M)d+/v.不寒而栗npoverishmentiftheycansecurecomp

shudder:quickandsuddenlete

tremble:longandveryobviousruinfortheirrival,hencepresentlevelo

quiverrexcitement,maybecoldftaxation.

shiver:coldandnervous许多人会高兴的面对贫困，如果他们

5、gooutofone'sway专能使对手落魄，因此出现了现在的税

门bytheway顺路toomuchforme受收水平。

不起10>coarse(l.12)/k&:s/adj.粗劣的

coarsethroat嗓子哑Dad,Iregardyouwithhorror.爸爸，我

sorethroat很害怕你。

嗓子发炎4、pineeringdays,ancient(先人时期)

coarsefare粗木良5>notatall根本不case这回事

refinedfair细粮6、bedoing表达当时的行动(状态)

coarseandrefined7、top:顶点summit山顶peak山顶

inacoarsemanner粗暴无礼Thesceneryisatthepeakofthemount

11、boast(1.12)/b+ust/v.自恃有ain.无限风光在险峰。

用法：以人作主语，夸耀；以物作主Iamatthetopoftheworld.我在世界

语，拥有之巅。

Heboastedthatofhisknowledge.Summitmeeting峰会

Thecenterboastsateamofhighqualify8、attain到达conquer征服

(qualifiedresearchers.)9、beofthemostperilousnature

12>parishioner。.13)/p+riM+n+/n.教nature特点、特性

区居民themostperilousdifficultiesanddanger

parish教区s

13、shepherd(1.14)/'Mep+d/n.牧羊学会beofthe+adj+noun结构

人sheepshep羊herd兽群Heisthekindestman.=Heisthemano

14>linen(1.15)/'linin/n.亚麻布床单fthekindestman.

Notesonthetext10、equipped表示当时的一种伴随。

1、Route路线Road道路11、inamanner以这样的方式

2、goodsports:stimulus刺12、makesbdosth(省to结构)

激thrilling震撼、兴奋13、atthethought一想至U,mention

3、regard一提到,idea一想到

regardsbwithsth(感情词这个结构后面加介词of原文

love\hatred\horror\respect)即atthethoughtoftheirpoorequipme

nt27>course一道菜

14、gooutofone'sway刻28、musthavebeen表推测

意intentionallyeyecatching弓|人注29、beaccustomedto,beusedto+名

目的词、动名词

15、thereallivingconditions真实生存IamusedtothelifeinBejing.

状况IamusedtolivinginBejing.

16、nowadays插入语，现在回想起来,30、早餐：scratchameal中午餐：snack

可在句首、句末快餐晚餐：dinner

17>exceptfor把其中的一部分扣除31>thechangeto

18、tendtobe倾向于Educationbringsgreatchangetohisout

19、settlement生存地、驻扎地look/viewonlife.

20、cutoffi=whicharecutoff教育使他的面貌（对生活的看法）产

21、flearidden跳蚤生了很大变化。

22>astheywere可以这么说，插入

语还有asitwereL4SeeingHands

Thisbookis,asitwere,hislifeportraitIntheSovietUnionseveralcaseshave

beenreportedrecentlyofpeoplewhoca

这本书，可是说，是他的人生写照。nreadanddetectcolourswiththeirfing

23、local当地的ers,andevenseethroughsoliddoorsan

24、wine低度酒alcohol酒精alcoholicdwalls.Onecaseconcernsan'eleven-y

酒鬼ear-oldschoolgirl,VeraPetrova,whoha

25、boast拥有priest牧师shepherd牧snormalvisionbutwhocanalsopercei

羊人invariably=allthesamevethingswithdifferentpartsofherskin

26、,andthroughsolidwalls.Thisabilityw

dirtandpoverty,andveryuncomfortaasfirstnoticedbyherfather.Onedays

ble（结构不符合习惯，不可学）hecameintohisofficeandhappenedto

putherhandsonthedoorofalockedshatalthoughshecouldperceivethings

afe.Suddenlysheaskedherfatherwhywithherfingersthisabilityceasedthe

hekeptsomanyoldnewspaperslockedmomentherhandswerewet.

awaythere,andevendescribedthewaNewwordsandexpressions

ytheyweredoneupinbundles.1、Perceive察觉，瞬间感觉到的

Vera'scurioustalentwasbroughttothetomakeout费尽心机辨出

noticeofascientificresearchinstituteiIlookedthoroughlyformyelderlymot

nthetownofUlyanovsk,nearwhereshher,finallyImakeherout.

elives,andinAprilshewasgivenaseriYeah,Iremembered,Ifinallymakehim

esoftestsbyaspecialcommissionofthout.

eMinistryofHealthoftheRussianFedIperceiveaflyinmyteacup.

eralRepublic.Duringthesetestsshewa2、elbowone'sway（用肘）挤出

sabletoreadanewspaperthroughanoelbowone'swayoutofthecrowed.挤

paquescreenand,strangerstill,bymov出人群

ingherelbowoverachild'sgameofLoL5NoRoomintheArk

ttoshewasabletodescribethefiguresThegorillaissomethingofaparadoxin

andcoloursprintedonit;and,inanothetheAfricanscene.Onethinksonekno

rinstance,wearingstockingsandslippewshimverywell.Forahundredyears

rs,tomakeoutwithherfoottheoutlinesormorehehasbeenkilled,captured,an

andcoloursofapicturehiddenunderadimprisoned,inzoos.Hisboneshave

carpet.Otherexperimentsshowedthatbeenmountedinnaturalhistorymuseu

herkneesandshouldershadasimilarsemseverywhere,andhehasalwaysexert

nsitivity.DuringallthesetestsVerawasedastrongfascinationuponscientistsa

blindfold;and,indeed,exceptwhenblindromanticsalike.Heisthestereotype

ndfoldshelackedtheabilitytoperceivedmonsterofthehorrorfilms

thingswithherskin.Itwasalsofoundtandtheadventurebooks,andanobviou

s(thoughnotperhapsstrictlyscientific)Newwordsandexpressions

linkwithourancestralpast.(goodarticle:fivestars该文写得不

Yetthefactisweknowverylittleabou错)

tgorillas.Noreallysatisfactoryphotogrthe+n.(s)表示一类：thegorilla(s)

aphhaseverbeentakenofoneinawildscene场景

state,nozoologist,howeverintrepid,hintheAfricanscene:Africaastheback

asbeenabletokeeptheanimalunderclground

oseandconstantobservationinthedarkgatherpalace聚集地

junglesinwhichhelives.CarlAteley,somethingofaparadox自相矛盾(人

theAmericannaturalist,ledtwoexpedit对猩猩的观

ionsinthenineteen-twenties,andnow1点)contradictoryideasabouthim

iesburiedamongtheanimalsheloveds主题句：

owell.ButevenhewasunabletodiscoOnethinksoneknowshimverywell.

verhowlongthegorillalives,orhowo问题：

rwhyitdies,norwasheabletodefinetYetthefactisweknowverylittleabout

heexactsocialpatternofthefamilygrogorillas.

ups,orindicatethefinalextentoftheiriTheirideasvary。人们对他的观点相差

ntelligence.Allthisandmanyotherthin很大。

gsremainalmostasmuchamysteryasForahundredyearsormore一百年甚

theywerewhentheFrenchexplorerDu至更多(包括一百年)

ChaillufirstdescribedtheanimaltotheFormorethanonehundredyears一百

civilizedworldacenturyago.TheAbo多年

minableSnowmanwhohauntstheimag西方，动物一般用人称代替。本文中,

inationofclimbersintheHimalayasisgorillas用him代替。另外有

hardlycat-she,dog-he.

moreelusive.imprisoned关起来圈养

bemountedinnaturalhistorymuseumsand(heis)anobvious(…)linkwithou

陈列在自然历史博物馆rancestralpast

重点句型：linkwith…与…相联系

Heexertastrongfascinationupon(on)ourancestralpast(n.)

Sb.施加给人们强大的魅力throughnotperhapsstriklyscientific

exert•••on•••施加(压力)尽管话说回来，不是严格的科学概念

impose,,,on…，例through引导的从句主语和主句相同，

如imposeinfluenceon,imposepressu可以省略。

reonEg:Iarrivedatthemeeting,though(I

上句可表示was)late.

为HehaveastrongfascinationforSb.Yet与however,表示转折，意思完全

或相同。但yet用在句首，however加标

ThegorillaisalwaysfascinatingtoSb.点，可以用

alikeadv.相同，一样adj.只能做表语。在自由位置。

例如：重要句型：

Thetwoarealike,这两人真像。Noreallysatisfactoryphotographhase

形容词只要以a开头，99.99%都做表verbeentakenofonein...

语。不能做定语词。Takepicture/photograph照相

例如：asleep,awake,afloat等ofone定语后置，

Heisthestereotypedmonsterofthehorsatisfactoryphotographofone。主要是

rorfilmsandtheadventurebooks,为了句子的平衡。One指gorilla

stereotyped-oldtime老样inawildstate在野生状态下

子horrorfilms恐怖片keepthe…under…observation把某

film(英)movie(美)事处于观察之下

thestereotypedmonster经典模式keepthecityclean保持城市清洁

省略主语closeandconstantobservation持续不

断的观察CIA-theCentralIntelligenceAgencyo

Eg:IhavetokeeptheboyunderclosecfAmerica

ontrol.CID-CriminalinvestigationDivision

Tocontroltheboyverystrikly.重案组，罪犯调查科

插入语：Allthisandmanyotherthingremain(a

howeverintrepid=nomatterhowintremostasmuch)amystery(as)theywer

pid无论多么英勇e.

Eg:Noman,howeverintelligent,ispeasmuchas同thesameas

rfect....remainamysterythesameastheyw

Nopalace,howeverpeacefulandtranquere.

il,isaparadise.Heisasmuchamusicianasawriter.=

liesburiedhereamongtheanimalshe1Heisbothamusicianandawriter.

ovedsowellcivilizedworld文明世界

埋葬在他所钟爱的动物中间savagedworld野生世界

形容词做状语：lieawake,liecrouchedcivilized:togetawayfromwildlife

lifespan寿命中文中的“文明单位"不能用

howlongthegorillalivescivilized,应该用model或

因为猩猩的寿命客观存在，所以pacesettingunit

live用一般现代时。I'mapacesoldiery0我是排头兵。

Organ'sdecay器官衰竭TheAbominableSnowmanwhohaunts

Nor引导否定并列句，与unable并列theimaginationofclimbersintheHima

生活方式：layasishardly

groupliving,individuallivingmoreelusive.

智力：那萦绕在喜马拉雅山爬山者脑海中的

intelligence-IQ,intelligenceqoutien那种令人难以捉摸的雪人，看起来也

t不一定比我们研

究的大猩猩更加令人费尽心思。（通过uacertainidentity,andthatisoneofth

侧面比较，引出结论，一种有用的写ethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedi

作方法）nseeking.

AbominableSnowman作比较，省略Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhave

gorillaanairoffreedom,andtheyhavenota

drearycommitmenttomeanambitions

L6Youthorloveofcomfort.Theyarenotanxiou

Peoplearealwaystalkingabout'theprossocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodev

blemofyouthIfthereisone-whichIotiontomaterialthings.Allthisseemst

takeleavetodoubt—thenitisolderpeoometolinkthemwithlife,andtheorig

piewhocreateit,nottheyoungthemselinsofthings.It'sasiftheywereinsom

ves.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsanesensecosmicbeingsinviolentanlove

dagreethattheyoungareafterallhumlycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.

anbeings—peoplejustliketheirelders.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayo

Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanungperson.Hemaybeconceited,illma

oldmanandayoungone:theyoungmnnered,presumptuousoffatuous,butI

anhasagloriousfuturebeforehimanddonotturnforprotectiontodrearyclic

theoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhesaboutrespectforelders—asifmere

him:andmaybethatiswheretherubisagewereareasonforrespect.Iacceptt

hatweareequals,andIwillarguewith

WhenIwasateenager,IfeltthatIwashim,asanequal,ifIthinkheiswrong.

justyounganduncertain-thatIwasanNewwordsandexpressions.

ewboyinahugeschool,andIwouldhsb.takeleavetodosth.允许某人做某

avebeenverypleasedtoberegardedas事，冒昧做某事

somethingsointerestingasaproblem.getdowntosth.认真研

Foronething,beingaproblemgivesyo究getdownto+名词/动名词

glorious光辉灿烂的Wouldyoupleasetakeyourleave?

rub难题我很烦的几种表示法：

teenager青少年Whatabore.Whatanuisance.Whatat

foronething原因之一，有一点rialWhatajerk.

是…连接词…foranothergetdownto+名词/动名词

identity身份例：我开始学习

airoffreedom无拘无束air:神态、气了。Igetdowntomystudies.

势Igetdowntolearningmybook.

dreary沉郁的to-介词

ambition追名逐利同义词：beengagedin

cosmicbeing宇宙人humanbeing人glorious

violent强烈的，暴力的gloryn.光荣

suburban见识不广的，有偏见的(rosy,shining,brilliant,magnificent,

conceited自高自大的gorgeous)

presumptuous自以为是的，放肆的inone'sglory:在某人的鼎盛时期

fatuous愚蠢的inone'sday

cliche陈词滥调inone'sgoldendays

Itakeleavetosay...inone'sprimetime

我冒昧地说…intheprideofone'slife

Itakeleavetobefrankrub摩擦

恕我直言。口语：atodds有矛盾

maybeI'mtoobold…or.I'mboldenohavewordswithsb.和…拌嘴

ugh…or.AllowmyselftoDoyougettherub?

say...Doyougetthepicture?

Takeone'sleave=takeleave离开(正Doyoucatchme?

式用法)Doyougetme?

What'stherange?问年龄狂风：violentwind

Teenager14至1j18暴死：violentdeath

Underthirteen.Adolescent:13到16vehement猛烈的

Juvenile青少年同义词：turbulent

Youth20到30tumultuous

Air:神态(多用复suburb郊区

数)Healwaysputsonairs.摆谱urbane:有礼貌的short-sighted目光短

Arrogantairs:傲浅的

气Bureaucraticairs:官气naiToe-minded/small-minded

Finickyairs娇气insular绝缘，目光短浅的provincial

Dreary同：drearisomea.无味，无聊conceited自高自大的

Sterile:枯燥无味骄傲的conceit(n.)

Monotonous:乏味无聊pride自豪

Gloomy：沉闷big-headed头发胀的cocky自负的

Lifeless:无生气的chicken胆小鬼sweller膨胀

haveambitionforgoingabroad/togao的over-confident

abroad.peoplearealwaystalkingabout'thepr

Fish...(wealthandfame)oblemofyouth'.

Chase...(fameandgains)Aretalking_到目前为止一直讨论

Pursue...'theproblemofyouth'加引号，引用。

Cosmic宇宙-whichItakeleavetodoubt插入语”我

Cosmonaut宇航冒昧的说"，表示怀疑

员=astronautAstro-/aster天体-Ifthereisany,同样表示怀疑

DisasterCosmicplace:大都straightforward开门见山

市Metropolis:大都市itisolderpeoplewhocreatit.一强调句

Violentnonviolence非暴力letus(speakerexclusive)-Let's(speak

erinclusive）束=carefree,freedomfromcare

getdowntofundamentalscommitment专注（to+名词/动名词）

fundamental=basic基本的love=seek追求mean意味着，小气卑

fundamentalist信奉正统基督教的人鄙=disgusting

afterall-退一步anxious虎视眈眈的

like-（介词）省略了谓语arepolish擦，磨applepolisher溜须拍

peoplearejustlijetheirelders马bootlicker拍马屁者

gloriousfuture光辉的未来nodevotionto热爱

splendidfuture光辉的未来（已过去（贬）materialthings物质享

的，对老年人而言）受tome在我看来（插入语）

wheretherubis症结所在，问题就出life生机

在这lifeless没生机的，死气沉沉的

hatred:憎恨linkwith把什么联系起来origin起

ironical讽刺的，用反语的uncertain后源original原本的

面省略用法asif虚拟假设

Iwouldhavebeen虚拟语气insomesence可以这么说吧（插入语）

Something重要的东