2024届新高考英语热点冲刺复习：定语从句

2024届新高考英语热点冲刺复习定语从句1.定语从句的含义和作用2.定语从句在复合句中的结构3.关系代词引导的定语从句（that/which/who/whom/whose/as)4.关系副词引导的定语从句(where/when/why)5.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句一、定语从句的含义和作用我的爸爸是一个善良的，勤劳的人。Myfatherisakindandhardworkingman.定语：修饰、限定名词或代词=adj=.......的定语从句：用一个简单句子来修饰、限定名词和代词那个穿西装打领带的人是我的爸爸。Theman（先行词：指人）

who（关系代词：主语）wearsasuitandtie（定语从句）ismyfather.一、定语从句的含义和作用1.找到先行词：被替代的词2.用对关系词：引导定语从句的关系词3.陈述语序Thevillagers（先行词：指人）

who（关系代词：主语）shakehandswithusareTombe’srelatives.和我们握手的村民们是Tombe的亲戚。1）先行词thevillagers;2）who是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词thevillagers,在定语从句中作主语。二、定语从句在复合句中的结构1）主语（名词）+定语从句+谓语+其它成分2）主句（最后有名词）+定语从句1）主语（名词）+定语从句+谓语+其它成分1.正在听音乐的男孩是我的哥哥。主句：男孩是我的哥哥。Theboyismybrother.从句：正在听音乐的男孩。Theboyislisteningtomusic.Theboywhoislisteningtomusicismybrother.who2）主句（最后有名词）+定语从句2.这是那本你正在找的书。主句：这是书。Thisisthebook.从句：你正在找的书。Youarelookingforthebook.关系词+陈述语序which+youarelookingfor（陈述语序）.Thisisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor.which先行词主语宾语定语指人who/thatwhom/who/that/×whose指物which/thatwhich/that/×whose三、关系代词的使用1.关系代词：that/which/who/whom/whose2.作用：1）引导定语从句；

2）代替先行词；

3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。who的用法Thelady（先行词：人）

who/that（关系代词：主语）willteachustomorrowisanewteacher.明天给我们上课的那个女士是一位新老师。主句：Theladyisanewteacher.从句：Theladywillteachustomorrow.

作主语先行词指人，并在定语从句中作主语，用who/that引导。测一测Theman______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.who解析：1)先行词theman。2）who指代theman,在定语从句中作主语。whom的用法Theyoungman（先行词：人）

whom/who/that（关系代词：宾语）ImetoncampusyesterdayisfromEngland.我昨天在校园里遇见的那个年轻人是从英国来的。主句：TheyoungmanisfromEngland.从句：Imettheyoungmanoncampusyesterday.

作宾语先行词指人，并在定语从句中作宾语，用whom,who,that或者省略关系代词。whose的用法Theteacherwantstotalktothestudents（先行词：人）

whose（关系代词：定语）homeworkhasn'tbeenhandedin.这位老师想要跟那些还没交家庭作业的学生谈谈。主句：Theteacherwantstotalktothestudents.从句：Thestudents'homeworkhasn'tbeenhandedin.

作定语先行词指人或者物，并且在定语从句中作定语，用whose引导。which的用法Thefilm（先行词：物）

which/that（关系代词：宾语）wesawlastnightwasofgreateducationalsignificance.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很有教育意义。主句：Thefilmwasofgreateducationalsignificance.从句：Wesawthefilmlastnight.

作宾语Thebook（先行词：物）

which/that（关系代词：宾语）isonthedeskismine.主句：Thebookismine.从句：Thebookisonthedesk.作主语先行词指物并在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导。which的用法Thanksforyourletter（先行词：物）,which（关系代词：主语）tookafortnighttoarrive.Iknowyou'redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere,soI'veincludedsomephotos（先行词：物）

which（关系代词：主语）willhelpyoupicturetheplaces（which/that/×）Italkabout.测一测Ididvisitavillage______isthehomeofoneoftheboys,Tombe.A.whichB.whoC.whereD./2.如何选择正确的关系代词Thescientist（先行词：指人）

whom/who/that（关系代词：宾语）wemetyesterdayisveryfamousintheworld.我们昨天遇到的那位科学家很有名。解题步骤：1）找到定语从句

2）判断先行词是人还是物

3）先行词在从句中所作成分3.关系代词that和which可以互换，以下情况用that不用which.1）先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing,much,little,none等不定代词/被这些词修饰，用that/×。Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyouinthiscriticalperiod?在这个关键时期，我能为你做点什么吗？2）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词，以及theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰，用that。Thisisthemosttouchingstory(that)Ihaveeverread.3）主句是who或which开头的疑问句，用that。Whoisthemanthatisstandinginfrontofthecrowd?4）并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物，用that。Thewriterandhisnovel(that)youhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.5）关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，介词在前，用which,介词在末，which/that都可。Wehaveanactiveteamwithwhichweworkeveryday.Ihaveproblemsofmyown(that/which)youknownothingof.4.先行词被such,thesame修饰时，引导词用as.suchas（例如）thesameas（和......一样）I'veneverseensuchatalentedyoungmanasheis.我从未见过像他这样才华横溢的年轻人。ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.这和我上个星期丢的那本书一样。测一测InChina,parentsalwaysdoeverything______theycantoraisetheirchildren.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.who四、关系副词的用法1.关系副词：where,when,why什么是状语？即动词的状态（时间，地点，原因）IspeakEnglishinthemorning.我早上练习英语。

时间状语Sherunsontheplayground.她在操场跑步。

地点状语关系副词所修饰的先行词在从句中所作成分when时间时间状语=“介词+which”where地点，case,point,situation地点状语=“介词+which”why原因：reason原因状语=“forwhich”关系副词：先行词放到定语从句中需加介词，就要用where,when,why或介词+which.where的用法Thisisthefarmwhere/onwhichmyfatherworks.主句：Thisisthefarm.从句：Myfatherworksonthefarm.

地点状语先行词指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，用where=介词+which.when的用法Irememberthedaywhen/onwhichImeethim.我记得我遇见他的那天。主句：Iremembertheday.从句：Imeethimontheday.时间状语先行词指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，用when=介词+which.why的用法Igivehimthereasonwhy/forwhichI'mlate.我告诉他我为什么迟到。主句：Igivehimthereason.从句：I'mlateforthereason.原因状语先行词指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，用why=forwhich.2.介词+关系代词用法IrememberthedayonwhichImeethim.ThemanwithwhomIspeakismyEnglishteacher.先行词指人，用介词+whom.先行词指物，用介词+which.Kimwenttovisithisteachersintheprimaryschool______heworkedthreeyearsago.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that解析：1.先行词：primaryschool.2.从句：heworkedintheprimaryschoolthreeyearsago.

地点副词Afteryouhavefinishedreadingthebook,pleasejustputitback_____itbelongs.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that解析：1.先行词：书原本的地方2.从句：itbelongsto书原本的地方.

地点状语Myfatherisverybusy,andSundayistheonlyday_____hecanrelax.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when解析：1.先行词Sunday.2.从句：hecanrelaxonSunday.

时间状语Beforeleavinginthevillage,hevisitedtheoldhouse_____hespenthischildhood.A.inwhichB.whichC.towhichD.atwhich解析：1.先行词：theoldhouse2.从句：hespenthischildhoodintheoldhouse.

地点状语Ifyouarewalkingawayfromaclocktower,youwillhearthetickingoftheclockfadetoapoint____itcannotbeheard.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.how解析：1.先行词point.2.从句：itcannotbeheardatthispoint.

地点状语五、限制性定语从句&非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句：关系密切，不可或缺，去掉句意不完整。非限制性定语从句：只是对先行词补充说明，可缺，去掉句意完整。1.引导词比限制性少了that和why;2.标志：用逗号与主句隔开。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthebook.（限制）这是我为其买书的那个学生。IwenttoLondon,

whereIspentmysummerholiday.（非限制）我去了伦敦，在那里度过了我的暑假。非限制性定语从句1）引导词：which（先行词之后）/as（位置灵活）,指代整个主句，在从句中作主宾成分。JanetoldmeshehadapologizedtoLucforhermistake,whichwasalie.Children,asisoftenthecase,lovetheirparents.2)as固定搭配。asisknowntoall,（众所周知）asisoftenthecase,（通常就是这样）Asisknowntoall,Chinaisagoodcountry.Thefamouswriter,_______writingsforChinaDaily,isinvitedtogiveaspeechinouruniversity.A.thatB.whoseC.whomD.who释义：1.非限制性定语从句2.先行词为thefamouswriter3.定语从句里面缺定语非限五个易错点1.非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。Ilikethebook，whichwasboughtyesterday.Ilikethebookwhich/thatwasboughtyesterday.2.非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用forwhich代替why。Ihadtoldthemthereason，forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.3.非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前或主句后。AsIexpected，hedidn’tbelieveme.Sheheardaterriblenoise，whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.非限五个易错点4.在非限制性定语从句中，指物的关系代词作宾语时，