2023年高等教育公共课自考-00012英语(一)考试历年高频考点试题含答案

2023年高等教育公共课自考-00012英语(一)考试历年高频考点试题含答案（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.参考题库(共50题)1.TrueFriendship YoungadultfilmmakersallhopetoshowtheirworksininternationalfestivalslikeSundanceandToronto.Butwhataboutreallyyoungfilmmakerswhoaren'tinfilmschoolyetandaren't，strictlyspeaking，evenadults？ TheyareattheheartofWingspanArtsKidsFilmFestival，tomorrow，inasettinganydirectormightenvy：LincolnCenter.Completewith"redcarpet"interviewsandvariousawards，thefestivalhasmuchincommonwitheventsformoreexperiencedmoviemakers，exceptfortheageoftheparticipants：about8to18. "What'sreallyexcitingisthatit'sfilmforkidsbykids，"saidCoriGardner，managingdirectorofWingspanArts，a nonprofitorganizationofferingyouthprogramsintheNewYorkarea.ThisyearthefestivalwillincludefilmsnotonlyfromWingspanbutalsofromothercityorganizationsandonefromamiddleschoolinArlington，Virginia."Wewanttomakethisanationalevent."Ms.Gardneradded. ThenineshortstobeshownrangefromaClaymationbiographyofB.B.Kingtoasciencefictionadventuresetintheyear3005."Alotofthematerialisreallymature，"Ms.Gardnersaid，talkingaboutfilmsbytheNewYorkCitybranchofGlobalActionProject，amediaartsandleadership-traininggroup."TheChoiceisaboutthehistoryofafamilyandMasterAnti-Smokerisabouttheangersofsecond-handsmoke."DreamoftheInvisiblesdescribesyoungimmigrants'（移民）feelingsofbothbelongingandnotbelongingintheiradoptedcountry. Thefestivalwillendwithanopenreceptionatwhichotherfilmswillbeshown.Theseincludeamusicvideoandafull-lengthfilmwhosetitleisPressures.Ms.Gardnerwantstomakethisanationalevent.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven2.Camping Campingwildisawonderfulwaytoexperiencethenaturalworldand，atitsbest，itmakeslittleenvironmentalinfluence.Butwithincreasingnumbersofpeoplewantingtoescapeintothewilderness，itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttocampunobtrusively（不引人注目地）andleavenomark. Wildcampingisnotpermittedinmanyplaces，particularlyincrowdedlowlandBritain.Whereveryouare，findoutaboutorganizationsresponsibleformanagingwildspaces，andcontactthemtofindouttheirpolicyoncampingandshelterbuilding.Forexample，itisfinetocampwildinremotepartsofScotland，butinEnglandyoumustaskthelandowner'spermission，exceptinnationalparks. Campingisabouthavingrelaxation，sleepingoutdoors，experiencingbadweather，andmakingdowithoutmodernconveniences.Abusy，fully-equippedcampsite（野营地）seemstogoagainstthis，soseekoutsmaller，moreremoteplaceswitheasyaccesstoopenspacesandperhapsbeaches.Betterstill，findacampsitewithnoroadaccess：walkinginmakesarealadventure. Findingtherightspottocampisthefirststeptoguaranteeingagoodnight'ssleep.Chooseacampsitewithprivacyandminimuminfluenceonothersandtheenvironment.Trytouseanareawherepeoplehaveobviouslycampedbeforeratherthancreatinganewspot.Whencampinginwoodland，avoidstandingdeadtrees，whichmayfallonawindynight.Avoidanimalrunsandcaves，andpossiblehomesofbitinginsects.Makesureyouhavemostprotectiononthewindwardside.Ifyoumakeafire，dosodownwindofyourshelter，alwaysconsiderwhatinfluenceyoumighthaveonthenaturalworld.Avoiddamagingplants.Agoodcampsiteisfound，notmade—changingitshouldbeunnecessary.Campingwildisawonderfulwaytoexperiencethenaturalworld.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven3.TrueFriendship YoungadultfilmmakersallhopetoshowtheirworksininternationalfestivalslikeSundanceandToronto.Butwhataboutreallyyoungfilmmakerswhoaren'tinfilmschoolyetandaren't，strictlyspeaking，evenadults？ TheyareattheheartofWingspanArtsKidsFilmFestival，tomorrow，inasettinganydirectormightenvy：LincolnCenter.Completewith"redcarpet"interviewsandvariousawards，thefestivalhasmuchincommonwitheventsformoreexperiencedmoviemakers，exceptfortheageoftheparticipants：about8to18. "What'sreallyexcitingisthatit'sfilmforkidsbykids，"saidCoriGardner，managingdirectorofWingspanArts，a nonprofitorganizationofferingyouthprogramsintheNewYorkarea.ThisyearthefestivalwillincludefilmsnotonlyfromWingspanbutalsofromothercityorganizationsandonefromamiddleschoolinArlington，Virginia."Wewanttomakethisanationalevent."Ms.Gardneradded. ThenineshortstobeshownrangefromaClaymationbiographyofB.B.Kingtoasciencefictionadventuresetintheyear3005."Alotofthematerialisreallymature，"Ms.Gardnersaid，talkingaboutfilmsbytheNewYorkCitybranchofGlobalActionProject，amediaartsandleadership-traininggroup."TheChoiceisaboutthehistoryofafamilyandMasterAnti-Smokerisabouttheangersofsecond-handsmoke."DreamoftheInvisiblesdescribesyoungimmigrants'（移民）feelingsofbothbelongingandnotbelongingintheiradoptedcountry. Thefestivalwillendwithanopenreceptionatwhichotherfilmswillbeshown.Theseincludeamusicvideoandafull-lengthfilmwhosetitleisPressures.Thefestivalisexactlythesameasotherevents.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven4.TrueFriendship-Recognition Howcanwefindtruefriendshipinthisoftenphony，temporaryworld？Friendshipinvolvesrecognitionorfamiliaritywithanother'spersonality.Friendsoftensharelikesanddislikes，interests，pursuits，andpassion. Howcanwerecognizepotentialfriendship？Signsincludeamutualdesireforcompanionshipandperhapsacommonbondofsomekind.Beyondthat，genuinefriendshipinvolvesasharedsenseofcaringandconcern，adesiretoseeoneanothergrowanddevelop，andahopeforeachothertosucceedinallaspectsoflife.Truefriendshipinvolvesaction：doingsomethingforsomeoneelsewhileexpectingnothinginreturn；sharingthoughtsandfeelingswithoutfearofjudgementornegativecriticism. TrueFriendship-Relationship，Trust，Accountability Truefriendshipinvolvesrelationship.Thosemutualattributeswementionedabovebecomethefoundationinwhichrecognitiontranspiresintorelationship.Manypeoplesay，"Oh，he'sagoodfriendofmine，"yettheynevertaketimetospendtimewiththat"goodfriend."Friendshiptakestime：timetogettoknoweachother，timetobuildsharedmemories，timetoinvestineachother'sgrowth. Trustisessentialtotruefriendship.Weallneedsomeonewithwhomwecanshareourlives，thoughts，feelings，andfrustrations.Weneedtobeabletoshareourdeepestsecretswithsomeone，withoutworryingthatthosesecretswillendupontheInternetthenextday!Failingtobetrustworthywiththoseintimatesecretscandestroyafriendshipinahurry.Faithfulnessandloyaltyarekeystotruefriendship.Withoutthem，weoftenfeelbetrayed，leftout，andlonely.Intruefriendship，thereisnobackbiting，nonegativethoughts，noturningaway. Truefriendshiprequirescertainaccountabilityfactors.Realfriendsencourageoneanotherandforgiveoneanotherwheretherehasbeenanoffense.Genuinefriendshipsupportsduringtimesofstruggle.Friendsaredependable.Intruefriendship，unconditionallovedevelops.Weloveourfriendsnomatterwhatandwealwayswantthebestforourfriends.Sometimesweneedtobealone.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven5.AdvertisingtoChildren （1）Notonlyaretheyeasilyswayedbyadvertising，theyarealsopersuasiveinencouragingtheirparentstobuyaproduct.Ifachildwantssomethingintheirkid'slocker，theywillprodandannoytheirparentsuntiltheygetwhattheywant.（2）Allittakesisalittlesuggestionfromasingleadvertisementtosendthemontheirway. （3）Inacampaignentitled"KidsaretheStar"，itsemployeeswereencouragedtopayspecialattentiontochildrenandtomakesuretheyhadapositiveexperiencewhileeatingatitsrestaurants.Thereasonforthis，naturally，wasnotthattheMcDonald'scorporationcareddeeplyaboutthewell-beingofchildreneverywhere，butthatthepester-powerthatchildrenhaveisextraordinarilyeffectiveatbringingtheirparentsbackformorevisits. Thewaythatadvertiserstargetchildrenissimplebig，brightlights，happypeopleandanimatedcharactersareallthatisneededtoencouragechildrentothinkacertainproductissomethingtheywant.（4）TheydonotrealizethatRonaldMcDonaldisjustaguyinaCostumandmake-up，andthatbehindthecounterofeveryMcDonald'sisabunchofkidsworkinginuncomfortableconditionsforlowpay. Thisposesarealmoraldilemmaforthosewhomaketheadvertisingdecisions，oratleastitshould.（5）Howdoyousaynotoanopportunitytoreachsuchawideaudienceofchildren，whoactasadvertisersthemselveswhentheyencourageotherchildrenandtheirparentstobuyaparticularproduct？3.（）A、Whilemanipulatingchildrenintobelievinglies，especiallyencouragingthemtoeatunhealthyfoods，isobviouslybad，thepurposeofbusinessistomakemoneyB、ThesuperficialreactionschildrengetfromeatingMcDonald'slastaboutaslongastheyareattheplaceC、McDonald'satonestageadvisedemployeestospecificallytargetchildrenD、ChildrenareaprimetargetforadvertisersandsalesmenacrosstheworldE、AnyonewhohasseenachildpesteritsparentsknowsthelengthschildrencangotoF、Thisisbecausechildrenarenaive；theygenuinelybelievewhatanadvertisertellsthem6.MajoredFinance Anincreaseinstudents（11）tostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedto（归因于）theglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthe（12）systemworks. Applicationsfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuary，accordingtoUCAS，the UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.A（13）fortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup. ProfessorJohnBeath，thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversity，saidhisfirst-yearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—were（14）crowdsof400，ratherthantheusual250. "Therearealargenumberofstudentswhoarenot（15）majors，whowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutit.OneofthethingsIhavedonethisyearistorelatemyteachingtocontemporary（16）inawaythatonehasn'ttraditionallydone，"headded. Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear.Buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump，withpeople'srenewedinterestin（17）inthepublicsector（部门），whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis. Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparents（18）schoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancial matters，andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon，althougha（19）ofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain. ZackHocking，theheadofchildtrustfunds，said："It'spossiblethatonegoodthingto（20）fromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty."16.（）A、financialB、applyingC、careersD、minorityE、drawingF、economicsG、believedH、purposeI、spokesmanJ、eventsK、eventsL、professional7.GoodTableManners Mannersplayanimportantpartinmakingafavorableimpressionatthedinnertable.Herearesomegeneralrules：Napkin（餐巾）use Themealbeginswhenthehostunfoldshisorhernapkin.Thisisyoursignaltodothesame，soplaceyournapkinonyourlap.Unfolditcompletelyifitisasmallnapkin.Orinhalf，lengthwise（纵向地），ifitisalargedinnernapkin. Ifyouneedtoleavethetableduringthemeal，placeyournapkinonyourchairasasignaltoyourserverthatyouwillbereturning.Oncethemealisover，placeyournapkinneatlyonthetabletotherightofyourdinnerplate.Donotrefoldit. Useanapkinonlyforyourmouth.Neveruseitforyournose，faceorforehead.Useofutensils（餐具） Startwiththeknife，forkorspoonfurthestfromyourplate，andworkyourwayin，usingoneutensilforeachcourse.Ifsoupisserved，remembertospoonawayfromyourself.Thishelpsstopthedrips.Donotputtheentiresoupspooninyourmouth.Instead，fillasoupspoonabout75percentwithsoup，andsip（啜饮）itfromthesidenoiselessly. Afterfinishingdinner，placetheknifeandforkparalleltooneanotheracrosstheplatewiththeknifebladefacinginwardtowardtheplate. Usingyourfingers Here'salistoffingerfoods：sandwiches，cookies，smallfruitsorberrieswithstems，Frenchfriesandpotatochips，andhamburgers. Chew（咀嚼）withyourmouthclosedanddon'tmakenoise；don'ttalkwithyourmouthfull.Breadmustbebrokenwithyourhands.Itisnevercutwithaknife. Don'tpicksomethingOutofyourteeth.Instead，excuseyourselftothebathroom.Ifpossible，trynottocoughatthetable.Donotputyourelbows（肘）onthetable.InFrance，itisessentialtohavebothhandsabovethetableatthesametime.Donotputbonesoranythingelseonthetable.Thingsthatarenoteatenshouldbeputonyourplate.Whichofthefollowingshowsgoodtablemanners？（）A、TalkingwithyourmouthfullB、PuttingbonesonyourplateC、PuttingyourelbowsonthetableD、Chewingwithyourmonthopen8.Camping Campingwildisawonderfulwaytoexperiencethenaturalworldand，atitsbest，itmakeslittleenvironmentalinfluence.Butwithincreasingnumbersofpeoplewantingtoescapeintothewilderness，itisbecomingmoreandmoreimportanttocampunobtrusively（不引人注目地）andleavenomark. Wildcampingisnotpermittedinmanyplaces，particularlyincrowdedlowlandBritain.Whereveryouare，findoutaboutorganizationsresponsibleformanagingwildspaces，andcontactthemtofindouttheirpolicyoncampingandshelterbuilding.Forexample，itisfinetocampwildinremotepartsofScotland，butinEnglandyoumustaskthelandowner'spermission，exceptinnationalparks. Campingisabouthavingrelaxation，sleepingoutdoors，experiencingbadweather，andmakingdowithoutmodernconveniences.Abusy，fully-equippedcampsite（野营地）seemstogoagainstthis，soseekoutsmaller，moreremoteplaceswitheasyaccesstoopenspacesandperhapsbeaches.Betterstill，findacampsitewithnoroadaccess：walkinginmakesarealadventure. Findingtherightspottocampisthefirststeptoguaranteeingagoodnight'ssleep.Chooseacampsitewithprivacyandminimuminfluenceonothersandtheenvironment.Trytouseanareawherepeoplehaveobviouslycampedbeforeratherthancreatinganewspot.Whencampinginwoodland，avoidstandingdeadtrees，whichmayfallonawindynight.Avoidanimalrunsandcaves，andpossiblehomesofbitinginsects.Makesureyouhavemostprotectiononthewindwardside.Ifyoumakeafire，dosodownwindofyourshelter，alwaysconsiderwhatinfluenceyoumighthaveonthenaturalworld.Avoiddamagingplants.Agoodcampsiteisfound，notmade—changingitshouldbeunnecessary.ometimesyouneedtomakeelectricity.（）A、TrueB、FalseC、NotGiven9.TryingtoFindaPartner OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewed，oneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships？Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove？Orarewemakingitharderforourselves？ Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn'texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheory，findingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsago，yourchoiceofsoulmate（心上人）wasconstrainedbygeography，socialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicit，manymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster（牡蛎），yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint：thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree：goodlooks，impressivesalary，kindtograndmother，andrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn't，itisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon'tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcourse，thisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.Theword"sustain"（paragraph2）couldbebestreplacedby（）.A、reduceB、shakeC、maintainD、weaken10.DrugOveruse ①Nowadays,millionsofpeoplemisuseandevenoverusepainmedicationsandotherdrugs.ResearchbytheAmericanNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse（NIDA，1999）showsthataround2%ofthepopulationoverage12wereusingdrugsnon-medically. ②NIDAviewsmedicationsasapowerfulforceforgoodinthecontemporaryworld.Theyreduceandremovepainformillionsofpeoplesufferingfromillnessanddisease.Theymakeitpossiblefordoctorstoperformcomplicatedsurgerytosavelives.Manypeopleafflictedbyseriousmedicalconditionsareabletocontroltheirsymptomsandbecomeactive，contributingcitizens.NIDApointsoutthatmostindividualswhotakethesedragsusetheminaresponsible. ③Nevertheless，overuseofdrugssuchasopioids，centralnervoussystem（CNS）depressantsandstimulantsdoesleadtoharmfulrelianceinsomepeopleandisthereforebecomingaseriouspublichealthconcern.Althoughthisabuseaffectsmanypeopleworldwide，particulartrendsofconcerntothemedicalprofessionintheUSappearamongolderadults，teenagersaridwomen. ④Thoughitmaybeasurprisetomany，themisuseofmedicationsmaybethemostcommonformofdrugabuseamongtheelderly.DrKennethSchraderofDukeUniversity，NorthCarolinastatesthatalthoughtheelderlyrepresentabout13%oftheUSpopulation，thoseaged65andoveraccountfortheconsumptionofonethirdofalldrugs.Peopleinthisagegroupusemedicationsroughlythreetimesmorethanthegeneralpopulationandhavepoorercompliancewithinstructionforuse.Inanotherstudyofelderlypatientsadmittedtotreatmentprograms，70%werewomenwhohadoverusedmedicines. ⑤Unfortunately，thistrendamongwomendoesnotonlyaffectthoseagedover.Ingeneral，amongwomenandmenwhoareusingeitherananti-anxietydrugorasedative，womenaretwiceaslikelytobecomeaddicted.Inaddition，statisticscompiledfor12—17yearoldsshowthatteenagegirlsaremorelikelythanteenageboystobeginoverusingpsychotherapeuticmedicationsuchaspainkillers，tranquillizers，stimulantsandsedatives.Paragraph①（）.A、DrugoveruseanditsconsequenceB、TheproblemofdrugoveruseinAmericaC、BenefitsofmedicineanditswiseuseD、FemaledrugoverusewithreferencetothatofmalesE、MisuseofmedicineamongtheyounggenerationF、Improperuseofmedicineamongseniorcitizens11.MajoredFinance Anincreaseinstudents（11）tostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedto（归因于）theglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthe（12）systemworks. Applicationsfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuary，accordingtoUCAS，the UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.A（13）fortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup. ProfessorJohnBeath，thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversity，saidhisfirst-yearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—were（14）crowdsof400，ratherthantheusual250. "Therearealargenumberofstudentswhoarenot（15）majors，whowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutit.OneofthethingsIhavedonethisyearistorelatemyteachingtocontemporary（16）inawaythatonehasn'ttraditionallydone，"headded. Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear.Buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump，withpeople'srenewedinterestin（17）inthepublicsector（部门），whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis. Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparents（18）schoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancial matters，andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon，althougha（19）ofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain. ZackHocking，theheadofchildtrustfunds，said："It'spossiblethatonegoodthingto（20）fromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty."12.（）A、financialB、applyingC、careersD、minorityE、drawingF、economicsG、believedH、purposeI、spokesmanJ、eventsK、eventsL、professional12.MajoredFinance Anincreaseinstudents（11）tostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedto（归因于）theglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthe（12）systemworks. Applicationsfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuary，accordingtoUCAS，the UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.A（13）fortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup. ProfessorJohnBeath，thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversity，saidhisfirst-yearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—were（14）crowdsof400，ratherthantheusual250. "Therearealargenumberofstudentswhoarenot（15）majors，whowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutit.OneofthethingsIhavedonethisyearistorelatemyteachingtocontemporary（16）inawaythatonehasn'ttraditionallydone，"headded. Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear.Buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump，withpeople'srenewedinterestin（17）inthepublicsector（部门），whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis. Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparents（18）schoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancial matters，andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon，althougha（19）ofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain. ZackHocking，theheadofchildtrustfunds，said："It'spossiblethatonegoodthingto（20）fromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty."20.（）A、financialB、applyingC、careersD、minorityE、drawingF、economicsG、believedH、purposeI、spokesmanJ、eventsK、eventsL、professional13.MajoredFinance Anincreaseinstudents（11）tostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedto（归因于）theglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthe（12）systemworks. Applicationsfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuary，accordingtoUCAS，the UniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.A（13）fortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup. ProfessorJohnBeath，thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglectureratStAndrewsUniversity，saidhisfirst-yearlectures—whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments—were（14）crowdsof400，ratherthantheusual250. "Therearealargenumberofstudentswhoarenot（15）majors，whowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutit.OneofthethingsIhavedonethisyearistorelatemyteachingtocontemporary（16）inawaythatonehasn'ttraditionallydone，"headded. Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear.Buttherewererisesaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump，withpeople'srenewedinterestin（17）inthepublicsector（部门），whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis. Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparents（18）schoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancial matters，andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon，althougha（19）ofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain. ZackHocking，theheadofchildtrustfunds，said："It'spossiblethatonegoodthingto（20）fromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat'sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty."18.（）A、financialB、applyingC、careersD、minorityE、drawingF、economicsG、believedH、purposeI、spokesmanJ、eventsK、eventsL、professional14.LiteracyVolunteer LastsummerIwentthroughatrainingprogramandbecamealiteracyvolunteer（扫盲志愿者）.ThetrainingIreceived，thoughexcellent，didnottellmehowitwastoworkwitharealstudent，however.WhenIbegantodiscoverwhatotherpeople'sliveswerelikebecausetheycouldnotread，Irealizedthetrueimportanceofreading. MyfirststudentJanewasa44-year-oldsinglemotherofthree.Inthefirstlesson，Ifoundoutshewalkedtwomilestothenearestsupermarkettwiceaweekbecauseshedidn'tknowwhichbustotake.WhenItoldherIwouldgetherabusschedule，shetoldmeitwouldnothelpbecauseshecouldnotreadit.Shesaidshealsohaddifficultyonceshegottothesupermarketbecauseshecouldn'talwaysrememberwhatsheneeded.Sinceshedidnotknowwords，shecouldnotwriteoutashoppinglist.Also，shecouldonlyrecognizeitemsbytheirlabels.Asaresult，iftheproducthadadifferentlabel，shewouldnotrecognizeitastheproductshewanted. Asweworkedtogether，learninghowtoreadbuiltJane'sself-confidence，whichencouragedhertocontinueinherstudies.Shebegantomakerapidprogressandwasevenabletotakethebustothesupermarket.Afterthissuccessfultrip，shereportedhowself-confidentshefelt.Attheendoftheprogram，shebeganhelpingheryoungestson，Tony，ashyfirstgrader，withhisreading.Shesatwithhimbeforehewenttosleepandtogethertheywouldreadbedtimestories.Whenhiseyesbecamewidewithexcitementasshereadpridewaswrittenalloverherface，andshebegantoseehowherownhardworkinlearningtoreadpaidoff.Asshedescribedthisexperience，Iwasproudofmyself，too.IfoundthathelpingJa