中南大学考博英语历年真题及详解

2004年中南大学考博英语真题及详解EntranceEnglishTestforPhDPrograms(2004)PartI ListeningComprehension(20%)（略）PartII VocabularyandStructure(20%)SectionADirections:Thereare20sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.21．Thepollutionproblemaswellasseveralotherissues______tobediscussedwhentheCongressisinsessionnextspring.A.aregoingB.weregoingC.wasgoingD.isgoing【答案】D查看答案【解析】句子主语是thepollutionproblem，谓语动词用单数。时间状语nextspring表明本句应用一般将来时。22．Considerthefrequentlyheardcharge______theincreaseintelevisionviolenceissomehowresponsibleforthesurgeincrime.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether【答案】B查看答案【解析】that引导的从句作thefrequentlyheardcharge的同位语。23．Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn’tbothered______muchbyhisloudness______byhislackoftalent.A.that..,thanB.too..,asC.so...asD.too..,than【答案】C查看答案【解析】notsomuch…as不如…那样多。24．______weadmireShakespeare’scomedies,wecannotagreethattheyaresuperiortothetragedies.A.AsmuchB.MuchasC.ThoughmuchD.Muchalthough【答案】B查看答案【解析】as引导状语从句时，将从句中用以修饰谓语的副词或者表语形容词提前，表示让步。muchasweadmire相当于althoughweadmiremuch。25．Tomysurprise,notasinglestampamongthoseyougaveme______theonesIalreadyhave.A.duplicatedB.pokedC.flappedD.bolstered【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：令我惊讶的是你给我的那些邮票中没有一张与我现有的邮票雷同的。duplicate完全一样的，重复的。poke伸出，戳出。flap拍打，飘动。bolster支持。26．Toensurethedevelopmentandexploitationofanewtechnology,theremustbeaconstant______ofseveralotherdistinctactivities.A.explorationB.comprehendingC.improvementD.interaction【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：为了保证新技术的开发，必须要持续改进其他几个不同的活动。improvement改善，改进。exploration探险，探测。comprehending领会，理解。interaction交互作用。27．Someeconomistsbelievethatthebestwaytogeta______economymovingagainistocuttaxes.A.sensationalB.murkyC.sheerD.sluggish【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：经济学家认为使停滞的经济再次发展的最好方法是减少税收。sluggish行动迟缓的。sensational引起轰动的。murky黑暗的，阴沉的。sheer纯粹的，陡峭的。28．Itisimpossibletosayhowitwilltakeplace,becauseitwillhappen______,anditwillnotbealongprocess.A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.principallyD.approximately【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：不可能解释出它是怎么发生的，因为它自然发生，而且过程不会很长。spontaneously自然地，自发地。simultaneously同时发生地。principally主要地。approximately近似地，大约。29．Duetotheirconsiderablycomfortableenvironmentandmannerofself-service,peoplefeelmorerelaxedand______atsuchplaces.A.relentlessB.casualC.superficialD.fraudulent【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：由于它舒适的环境和自助式风格，人们在那个地方感觉很放松和随意。casual随随便便的，随意的。relentless残酷的，无怜悯心的。superficial表面的，肤浅的。fraudulent欺骗性的，诈取的。30．He______thatwithoutthesupportfromthecitygovernmenttheprogramwillfail.A.allegesB.desolatesC.interrogatesD.repeals【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他声称，没有市政府的支持，该计划就会失败。allege宣称，声称。desolate使荒凉，荒无人烟。interrogate审问，询问。repeal废除，撤消。31．Microsofthascountedondrivingthemarketforwardwithproducts,______bytheoccasionalGreatLeapForward.A.hurledB.punctuatedC.gropedD.gleaned【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：微软期望用产品开拓市场是因为突如其来的大跃进阻碍了其发展。punctuate不时打断。hurl投掷，大声叫骂。grope摸索，探询。glean搜集（资料、史实等）。32．Asresearchhasbeenshowing,genesoffermuchmoreinformationthandisease______.A.vulnerabilityB.intelligibilityC.amiabilityD.ingenuity【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：研究表明，基因要比疾病的脆弱性更能提供信息。vulnerability弱点，脆弱。intelligibility可理解性。amiability友好，和蔼可亲。ingenuity心灵手巧。33．Thedialofthealarmclockis______sothatitcanbeseeninthedark.A.luminousB.transparentC.photoelectricD.brilliant【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：闹钟的针盘是夜光的，因此在黑暗中也能看见。luminous发光的，夜明的。transparent透明的。photoelectric光电的。brilliant光亮的，灿烂的。34．Whenthecircumstanceschanged,youshouldhaverevisedyourplan______A.almightilyB.accessiblyC.accordinglyD.consistently【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：环境发生变化时，你也应该相应调整计划。accordingly相应地，按照。almightily强烈地，非常地。accessibly可接近地。consistently一贯地，始终如一地。35．IcanrecommendhimforthispositionbecauseIhavealwaysfoundhim______andreliable.A.voraciousB.veraciousC.vindictiveD.valorous【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我推荐他担任此职位，因为他诚实可靠。veracious诚实的。voracious贪婪的，食量大的。vindictive报复性的。valorous勇敢的，英勇的。36．Sincemanhasorbitedintospace,ithasbecomedramaticallyapparentthatweareall______ofasingleplanet.A.custodiansB.vindicatorsC.shuddersD.impeders【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：自从人类实现宇宙轨道运行后，很明显我们都成了行星的管理人。custodian管理人，看守人。vindicator辩护人。shudder战栗，发抖。impede阻止，妨碍。37．Theconceptof______groupingofpeoplewithsimilarinterestsandabilitieswasverypopularamongeducators.A.segregatedB.integratedC.heterogeneousD.homogeneous【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：教育家普遍赞成均一分组，也就是将有同样兴趣和能力的人分在一块。homogeneous同类的，相似的。segregated被隔离。integrated完整的，综合的。heterogeneous不同种类的。38．Thegovernmentleaderusedtohaveagoodnamebutithasbeen______sincehemadeafalsedecision.A.blowndownB.blownoffC.blownonD.blownout【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：这位政府领导人曾享有盛名，但自从他作了一个错误的决定后就名誉扫地了。blowout吹熄，熄灭。blowdown吹倒，炸毁。blowoff吹掉，放出。blowon使走味，搞臭。39．Theneedtoseethatjusticeisdone______everydecisionmadeinthecourts.A.implantsintoB.imposesonC.impingesuponD.imprecatesupon【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：需要看到公正判决，这种认识已经灌输到法庭作出的每项决定中去了。implantinto灌输，注入。imposeon强加于。impingeupon冲击，撞击，侵犯，侵害。imprecateupon诅咒，咒骂。40．Iftheythinktheyaregoingtowinoverusbyobstinately______andrefusingtomaketheslightestconcession,theyaremistaken.A.holdingoutB.holdingtoC.holdingoverD.holdingup【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：如果他们以为通过倔强的坚持而拒绝作出丝毫妥协就能够赢得我们的支持，那他们就错了。holdout坚持，忍住。holdtosth坚持，信守。holdover推迟，延期。holdup推迟，耽搁。SectionBDirections:Thereare20sentencesinthissection.Eachofthesentenceshasanunderlinedpart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestkeepsthemeaningoftheunderlinedpart.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.41．Anotherchangeisintendedtogivecreditcardholdersmoreprotectionagainstidentityfraud.A.disbeliefB.fakeC.barrierD.exception【答案】B查看答案【解析】fraud欺诈，欺骗行为。fake欺骗，骗子。disbelief怀疑。barrier障碍物。exception例外，除外。42．Itisparadoxicalthatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.A.sentientB.contradictoryC.immoralD.eccentric【答案】B查看答案【解析】paradoxical矛盾的。contradictory矛盾的，抵触的。sentient有感觉的，有知觉的。immoral不道德的，邪恶的。eccentric古怪的，异乎寻常的。43．Mostplantsdependupontheirrootstoanchorthemselvesinthesoilandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.A.secureB.moistenC.reproduceD.prosecute【答案】A查看答案【解析】anchor稳固，固定。secure关紧，使牢固。moisten使潮湿。reproduce复制，生殖，繁殖。prosecute起诉，检控。44．Itisestimatedthatwomen,onaverage,pulldownonly66%oftheirmalecounterparts’wages.A.playdownB.cutdownC.earnD.share【答案】C查看答案【解析】pulldown领取。earn挣得，获得。playdown降低，减少。cutdown削减，删节。share分享，共有。45．Don’tyouthinktoday’smeetingwasanutterwasteoftime?Theydidn’tachieveanyagreement.A.completeB.concreteC.comparableD.continual【答案】A查看答案【解析】utter完全的，全然的。complete完全的，十足的。concrete具体的，有形的。comparable可比较的，比得上的。continual连续的，持续不断的。46．Ineedtoseetheforeignstudentadviserbecausemypassportexpiresinafortnight.A.willbeoverB.willbereversedC.becomesinvalidD.becomesentreated【答案】C查看答案【解析】expire到期，终止。invalid无效，作废。reverse颠倒，反向。entreat恳求，乞求。47．Likethoseofmanycontemporarynovelists,theworksofJoyceCarolareagrimassessmentofpresent-daysociety.A.weirdB.pessimisticC.optimisticD.gripping【答案】B查看答案【解析】grim不愉快的，沮丧的。pessimistic悲观的，厌世的。weird怪诞的，古怪的。optimistic乐观的。gripping引人入胜的。48．InthenortheasternUnitedStates,itrainsintermittentlythroughoutthespring.A.abundantlyB.consistentlyC.steadilyD.periodically【答案】D查看答案【解析】intermittently间歇地，断断续续地。periodically周期地，定时地。abundantly丰富地，充裕地。consistently一贯地，始终如一地。steadily稳定地。49．Littledonkeyswithharmoniouslytinklingbellsthreadtheirwayamongthethrongsofpeopleenteringandleavingthebazaar.A.tunefullyB.rashlyC.magnificentlyD.frankly【答案】A查看答案【解析】harmoniously和谐地，调和地。tunefully和谐地，曲调优美的。rashly轻率地。magnificently壮丽地，华丽地。frankly坦白地，真诚地。50．Itisbelievedthatthesesteroidscouldbeusedtotreatdisorderssuchasacuteanxietyandpremenstrualsyndrome.A.diagnoseB.anomyC.symptomD.capacitance【答案】C查看答案【解析】syndrome综合病症。symptom症状，征候。diagnose诊断（疾病），动词。anomy社会的反常状态，混乱。capacitance容量，电容。51．HewasalwaysintriguedwiththeinternationalaffairsandinparticularFrance’sroleintheworld.A.agitatedB.coweredC.enragedD.captivated【答案】D查看答案【解析】intrigue激起极大兴趣，迷住。captivate吸引，迷住。agitate使焦虑，鼓动，煽动。cower萎缩，退缩。enrage激怒。52．Whatever,whentheresultscomein,somethingisobviouslyscrewedup,andthentheactioncanbegin.A.spoiledB.flungoffC.lookedawayD.calledfor【答案】A查看答案【解析】screwup弄糟，把…搞糟。spoil损坏，破坏。flingoff发出，使摔倒。lookaway转过脸。callfor号召，召唤。53．Scientistsneedtoworkoutwaysofvisualizingthereamsofnumbersproducedinathree-dimensionalexperimentalspace.A.framingamentalpictureB.formingamentalpictureC.recognizingamentalpictureD.deliveringamentalpicture【答案】B查看答案【解析】visualize在脑中使形象化，设想。form形成。frame表达，讲出。recognize辨认。deliver传递，递送。54．Quiteafewnewcomersweredependentontheirparentswhoescortedthemwhentheycameandregisteredintheuniversity.A.accompaniedB.examinedC.protectedD.ushered【答案】A查看答案【解析】escort护送，伴随。accompany陪伴，伴随。examine检查。protect保护。usher迎接，接入。55．Ifyoudonotyield,Iamafraidtheenemywilldespoilthebuildings.A.detectB.desecrateC.plunderD.deploy【答案】C查看答案【解析】despoil抢劫，掠夺。plunder抢劫。detect侦察，探测。desecrate亵渎，侮辱。deploy展开，配置。56．Althoughhispurposewastoedifyandnottoentertainhisaudience,manyofhislistenerswereamusedandnotenlightened.A.dissipateB.instructC.validateD.upbraid【答案】B查看答案【解析】edify开导，启发。instruct教导，指导。dissipate驱散，消散。validate使合法化，使生效。upbraid责备。57．Whenthetwocollegestowhichhehadappliedacceptedhim,hewasinaquandaryastowhichoneheshouldattend.A.facilityB.dilemmaC.exhaustionD.contradiction【答案】B查看答案【解析】quandary进退两难，窘境。dilemma左右为难，困境。facility设备，工具。exhaustion用完，耗尽。contradiction矛盾的说法，抵触。58．Otherscontendthatfiddlingwithnature’sclockisaperversionofreproductivemedicineandperpetuatessexistviewsofwomenasbaby-makingmachines.A.indulgingB.yearningC.playingD.cylindering【答案】C查看答案【解析】fiddle乱动，乱拨弄。play玩耍。yearn向往，盼望。cylinder圆柱，柱体。indulge纵容，迁就。59．Seriouslookingmenspoketoanotherasiftheywereobliviousofthecrowdsaboutthem.A.unawareB.ingeniousC.cogentD.abortive【答案】A查看答案【解析】oblivious没有觉察到的，不在意的。unaware没有觉察到的。ingenious灵巧的，巧妙的。cogent有说服力的，令人信服的。abortive夭折的，中断的。60．Itiswisenottoprocrastinate;otherwise,wefindourselvesboggeddowninamassofworkwhichshouldhavebeenfinishedlongago.A.postponeB.profaneC.declineD.bolster【答案】A查看答案【解析】procrastinate延迟，耽搁。postpone推迟，延迟。profane亵渎。decline下降，衰落。bolster支持。PartIII ReadingComprehension(40%)PassageIPetroleumproducts,suchasgasoline,kerosene,homeheatingoil,residualfueloils,andlubricatingoils,comefromonesource—crudeoilfoundbelowtheearth’ssurface,aswellasunderlargebodiesofwater,fromafewhundredfeetbelowthesurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior.Sometimescrudeoilissecuredbydrillingaholethroughtheearth,butmoredryholesaredrilledthanthoseproducingoil.Pressureatthesourceorpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface.Crudeoilwellsflowatvaryingrates,fromtentothousandsofbarrelsperhour.Petroleumproductsarealwaysmeasuredin42-gallonbarrels.Petroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearance:thin,thick,transparentoropaque,butregardlessofthis,theirchemicalcompositionismadeupofonlytwoelements:carbonandhydrogen,whichformcompoundscalledhydrocarbons.Otherchemicalelementsfoundinunionwiththehydrocarbonsarefewandareclassifiedasimpurities.Traceelementsarealsofound,buttheseareofsuchminutequantitiesthattheyaredisregarded.Thecombinationofcarbonandhydrogenformsmanythousandsofcompoundswhicharepossiblebecauseofthevariouspositionsandjoiningofthesetwoatomsinthehydrocarbonmolecule.Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors.Theseproductsaretheso-calledlightoils,suchasgasoline,kerosene,anddistillateoil.Theresidueremainingafterthelightoilsaredistilledisknownasheavyorresidualfueloilandisusedmostlyforburningunderboilers.Additionalcomplicatedrefiningprocessesrearrangethechemicalstructureofthehydrocarbonstoproduceotherproducts,someofwhichareusedtoupgradeandincreasetheoctaneratingofvarioustypesofgasoline.61．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Crudeoilisfoundbelowlandwater.B.Crudeoilisalwaysfoundafewhundredfeetbelowthesurfaceoftheearth.C.Pumpingandpressureforcecrudeoiltothesurface.D.Avarietyofpetroleumproductsisobtainedfromcrudeoil.62．Manythousandsofhydrocarboncompoundsarepossiblebecause______.A.thepetroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearanceB.complicatedrefiningprocessesrearrangethechemicalstructureC.thetwoatomsinthemoleculeassumemanypositionsD.thepressureneededtoforceittothesurfacecausesmoleculartransformation63．Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Thevariouspetroleumproductsareproducedbyfiltration.B.Heatingandcondensationproducethevariousproducts.C.Chemicalseparationisusedtoproducethevariousproducts.D.Mechanicalmeanssuchasthecentrifugeareusedtoproducethevariousproducts.64．Howiscrudeoilbroughttothesurface?A.Expansionofthehydrocarbons.B.Pressureandpumping.C.Vacuumcreatedinthedrillingpipe.D.Expansionandcontractionoftheearth’ssurface.【答案与解析】61．B 文中第一段说fromafewhundredfeetbelowthesurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior指的是在表面以下几百英尺到地球内部25,000英尺的地方，但并不是说在表面以下几百英尺的地方就能找到。62．C 文章第三段解释了碳和氢结合能形成数千种化合物的原因是thevariouspositionsandjoiningsofthesetwoatomsinthehydrocarbonmolecule，选项C符合文意。63．B 从第四段Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors.可知答案为B选项。64．B 文章第一段Pressureatthesourceorpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface表明把原油带到表面的方法是Pressureorpumping。PassageIIWhenthehumangenomewassequencedlastyear,scientistsfinallygainedaccesstothefulltextofGod’sreferencemanual:the3billionbiochemical“letters”thatspelloutourtensofthousandsofgenes.Thesegenes,strungoutalongthe46chromosomesinvirtuallyeveryhumancell,carrytheinstructionsformakingallthetissues,organs,hormonesandenzymesinourbody.Oncescientistshavedecodedtheseinstructions-aprocessalreadywellunderway—theyshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofpreciselywhathappens,downtothemoleculeswithinindividualcells,whenthebodymalfunctions.And,saysFrancisCollins,directoroftheNationalInstitutesofHealth’sHumanGenomeResearchInstitute,“Ifyouunderstandthegeneticbasisofadisease,thenyoucanpredictwhatproteinitproducesandsetaboutdevelopingadrugtoblockit.”HereinCambridge,anewindustryisquietlytakingshapethatproposestodothatonagrandscale,ascompanieswithnameslikeBiogen,Genzyme,GeneticsInstituteandMillenniumPharmaceuticalspreparetochangeforeverthewaydoctorsfightdisease.Spurredbytheprospectofscientificgloryandenormousprofit,bigpharmaceuticalfirmsanduniversityandgovernmentlabshavebeenjoinedbyscoresofnewcompanies,notjustinCambridgebutinotherhigh-techhotspotsaroundtheUnitedStates.Theresultcouldbeamedicalrevolution.Untilnow,doctorshaven’tactuallybeenfightingillnesseslikecancer,strokeandheartdisease.Insteadthey’vedoneitlargelybytrialanderror—findingnewmedicinesinexoticplantextracts,forexample,orlookingforchemicalcompoundsthatresembleexistingdrugs.Theprocessissoinefficientthatthedrugscurrentlyavailabletargetaboutonly500differentproteinsinthebody,outofthe30,000orsowe’vemadeof.Evenwhentheyhavethedrugsinhand,doctorshavetoguesswhichonesmightworkforagivenpatient.Totreathighbloodpressure,forexample,physiciansmustchoosefromsixdifferentclassesofmedicationswiththepatientworkingthroughseveralofthembeforefindingamedicinethatworks.Butintheneweraofgenomicmedicine,thisinefficientapproachshouldgivewaytosomethingmuchmorerationalandsystematic.Doctorswilltreatdiseaseslikecanceranddiabetesbeforethesymptomsevenbegin.Usingmedicationsthatboostorcounteracttheeffectsofindividualproteinswithexquisiteprecision,attackingsickcellswhileleavinghealthycellsalone,theywillknowrightfromthestarthowtoselectthebestmedicinetosuiteachpatient.65．Scientistshavebeentryingtodecodetheinstructionscarriedingenesinorderto______.A.gainaccesstothefulltextofGod’sreferencemanualB.makeallthetissues,organs,hormonesandenzymesinthebodyC.haveabetterunderstandingofthegeneticbasisofadiseaseD.intervenecertainillnessesatthelevelofsymptoms66．Thecompaniescooperatewithbigpharmaceuticalfirmsanduniversityandgovernmentlabsbecausetheywantedto______.A.changethewaydoctorsfightdisease.B.makescientificbreakthroughsandbigmoney.C.findanewcureforthedeadliestdisease.D.findthewayscientistsdiscovernewmedicines.67．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofgenomicmedicine?A.Doctorsknowhowtochoosethebestmedicinetosuiteachperson.B.Doctorscanlookforchemicalcompoundsinexoticplantextracts.C.Somediseaseswillbetreatedevenbeforethesymptomsbegin.D.Patients’healthycellswillnotbeattackedwhileundergoingtreatment.68．Whatdoes“thisinefficientapproach”inthelastparagraphmostlikelyreferto?A.Doctorshaveoftenfoundnewmedicinesbyseekingcompoundssimilartoonestheyalreadyknow.B.Doctorshavebeentryinglimittrialstothosepeoplemostlikelytorespondtoagivendrug.C.Doctorschoosefromseveralclassesofmedicationswiththepatientstryingallofthemtofindtheeffectiveones.D.Doctorstrytofindnewmedicinesinexoticplantsorseekforchemicalcompoundsthatresembleexistingdrugs.【答案与解析】65．C 第二段解释了如果了解了基因所承载的东西，theyshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofpreciselywhathappens，后文又指出如果了解了疾病的基因根源，那就可以用相应药物直接治疗。66．B 从文中第三段Spurredbytheprospectofscientificgloryandenormousprofit…joinedbyscoresofnewcompanies可以判断公司加入研究的动机是取得科学突破和牟取利润。67．B 最后一段讲述了genomicmedicine的优点：treatdiseasesbeforethesymptomsevenbegin，attackingsickcellswhileleavinghealthycellsalone和theywillknowhowtoselectthebestmedicinetosuiteachpatient.，选项B是传统医学的方式。68．C 第五段作者说对于一种疾病有不同治疗方法，医生不得不使thepatientworkingthroughseveralofthembeforefindingamedicinethatworks，可以判断下文说的低效率的过程指的是选项C所说的内容。PassageIIIMarinebiologists,studyingthedeathofcoralreefsintheIndianOcean—stretchingfromSouthAfricatoIndia,plusallthoseislands—haveprovideddramaticevidenceofglobalwarming.Inthepast,newsofthiskindhavetendedtobekeptsecretforfearofscaringawaythetouristswhopaytodive,swimandsnorkelamongthecorals.Butastudypublishedthisweek,“CoralReefDegradationintheIndianOcean”,concludesthat50%-95%oftheocean’scoralreefshavediedinthepasttwoyears.“Alargepartofthemostdiverseecosystemontheplanethassimplytippedover,”saysOlofLinden,thereport’sSwedishco-editor.Coralreefsareanessentialelementinthefoodchainforcoastalpeople,providingnurseriesforfishandshallowhunting-groundsforfishingboats.InKenya,Tanzania,theSeychelles,SriLankaandelsewhere,thedeathofthereefshasalreadyhadaneconomicimpact.IntheMaldives,reportsCORDIO,itcosttheeconomy$63min1998~99.Tourists,whocomesearchingforbrightlycoloredreefs,turnawayindismayfrompilesofunsightlygrayrubble:Thecoralturnswhitewhenitexpelstheminuteorganismsthatlivewithinitshardlimestonecore.Thesecannottolerateariseinseatemperatureofover1~20Cformorethanafewweeks.In1998,thetemperaturearoundtheSeychelleswas30Caboveseasonalnormsforseveralweeks.Sometimes,bleachedcoralrecoversbut,inthepastyear,largesectionsofcoastalreefsintheoceanhavebrokendownandcollapsed.Damageisreportedwidely,includingofftheEastAfricancoastandtheChagosarchipelago.TheCORDIOstudy,whichissupportedbytheWorldBank,theWorldWideFundforNatureandScandinaviangovernments,comesoutatthesametimeastheworld’slargestgatheringofcoralexperts,morethan1,000ofthem,meetinBaliforasymposium.Oneoftheissuesbeingdiscussedistheimpactofreefdestructiononcoastalerosion.Somepeoplelivinginwesternpacificislandsarethreatenedbyrisingseas,athreatwhichwillbeexacerbatedbyreefdecline.Sofar,coralsinthePacifichavenotbeenasseverelyaffectedasintheIndianOcean.Butthiscouldbeamatterofonlyoftime.69．Whichofthefollowingstatementcannotbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Therearemorethan1,000coralexpertsattendingthesymposiuminBali.B.ThereareatleasttwoassociationssupportingtheCORDIOstudy.C.ThereismorethanoneissuebeingdiscussedatthesymposiuminBali.D.ThereareatleasttwoeditorsreportingtheCORDIOstudy.70．The“deathofcoralreefsintheIndianOcean”iskeptasasecretbecause______.A.coralreefsserveasanessentialelementinthefoodchainB.thedeathhashadaneconomicimpactandisreportedwidelyC.thedeathcanprovidedramaticevidenceofglobalwarmingD.thedeathwillfrightenawaythepayingtourists71．Thephrase“tippedover”(para.2)mostlikelymeans______.A.tosuddenlyfalltothegroundasaresultofnotbeingproperlybalancedB.tomakesomethingfallover,usuallybyaccident,bymakingitlosebalanceC.asmallamountofmoneyinadditiontotheordinarypaymentD.asmallbutusefulpieceofadviceabouthowtodosomething72．Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe______.A.DramaticEvidenceofGlobalWarmingB.TheImpactofReefDestructionC.BrightlyColoredCoralintoGreyRubbleD.TheMostDiverseEcosystem【答案与解析】69．D 选项A、B、C的内容在文中最后一段均有表述，选项D的内容未提到。70．D 从文中第一段newsofthiskind…keptsecretforfearofscaringawaythetouristswhopayto…amongthecorals可知不发布这些消息是因为担心把游客吓走。71．B tipover使翻倒，文中指的是由于全球升温，地球上最为多样的生态系统的很大一部分垮掉了。72．C 本文讲的是全球升温致使珊瑚礁死亡—从鲜亮的颜色变成灰白色，选项C符合文意。PassageIVForlaymenethnologyisprobablythemostinterestingofthebiologicalsciencesfortheveryreasonthatitconcernsanimalsintheirnormalactivitiesandtherefore,ifwewish,wecanassessthepossibledangersandadvantagesinourownbehavioralroots.Ethnologyalsoisinterestingmethodologicallybecauseitcombinesinnewwaysveryscrupulousfieldobservationswithexperimentationsinlaboratories.Thefieldworkershavehadsomehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves.Foralongtimetheywereconsideredaslittlebetterthanamateuranimal-watchers—certainlynotscientists,sincetheirfactswerenotgainedbyexperimentalprocedures:theycouldnotconformtothehard-and-fastrulethataproblemsetupandsolvedbyonescientistmustbetestedbyotherscientists,underidenticalconditionsandreachingidenticalresults.Ofcoursemanysituationsinthelivesofanimalssimplycannotberehearsedandcontrolledinthisway.Thefallflockingofwildfreebirdscan’tbe,orthehomingofanimalsoverlongdistances,orevendetailsofspontaneousfamilyrelationships.Sincethesenevercanbereproducedinalaboratory,aretheythennotworthknowingabout?Theethnologistswhochoosefieldworkhavegotthemselvesoutofthisimpassebygreatlyrefiningthetechniquesofobserving.Atthestartofaprojectalltheanimalstobestudiedarelive-trapped,markedindividually,andreleased.Motionpictures,oftenincolor,providepermanentrecordsoftheirsubsequentactivities.Recordingoftheanimals’voicesbyelectricalsoundequipmentisconsideredessential,andthemostmeticulousnotesarekeptofallthatoccurs.Withthismaterialotherbiologists,farfromthescene,latercanverifythereports.Moreover,twofieldobservationsrightthereinthefield.Ethnology,theword,isderivedfromtheGreekethos,meaningthecharacteristictraitsorfeatureswhichdistinguishagroup—anyparticulargroupofpeopleor,inbiology,agroupofanimalssuchasaspecies.Ethnologistshavetheintentionofstudying“thewholesequenceofactswhichconstituteananimal’sbehavior.”Inabridgeddictionariesethnologyissometimesdefinedsimplyas“theobjectivestudyofanimalbehavior,”andethnologistsdoemphasizetheirwishtoeliminatemyths.73．Inthefirstsentence,theword“layman”means______.A.peoplewhostandasideB.peoplewhoarenottrainedasbiologistsC.peoplewhoareamateurbiologistsD.peoplewholoveanimals74．Accordingtothepassage,ethnologyis______.A.anewbranchofbiologyB.anoldGreekscienceC.apseudo-scienceD.ascienceforamateurs75．Accordingtotheexplanationofthescientificruleofexperimentinthepassage,“hard-and-fast”meansthatexperimentprocedures______.A.aredifficultandquicktofollowB.mustbecarriedoutinastrictandquickwayC.mustbefollowedstrictlytoavoidfalseandlooseresultsD.hardandunreasonableforscientiststoobserve76．Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordin“thedetailsofspontaneousfamilyrelationships”canbeexpressedas______.A.naturalfamilyrelationshipsB.quicklyoccurringfamilyrelationshipsC.animalsactinglikeanaturalfamilyD.animalfamilybehaviorthatcannotbepreplannedorcontrolled【答案与解析】73．B layman意为“外行”，于文中所讲的biologists而言，“外行”指的就是那些未受到生物学专业培训的人，选项B正确。74．A 从第一段ethnologyisprobablythemostinterestingofthebiologicalsciences，可以看出ethnology是biology的一个分支学科。75．C 第二段对该程序的解释是aproblemsetupandsolved…identicalresults，表明该规则指的是要避免错误或不严谨的实验结果。76．D 划线部分意思是“（动物之间）自发产生的家庭关系”，选项D（不能够被预先计划和控制的动物行为）正确。PassageVThetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsforthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.TheLithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.Astheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundaryasubductionzone.Thereoneplatedrivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesa