聊城大学外国语学院《809翻译与写作》历年考研真题及详解

2007年聊城大学外国语学院406翻译与写作考研真题及详解PartⅠ Translation(100points)SectionA:EnglishtoChinese(50marks,25each)1.Operaisexpensive.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlesswegiveupsociety’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagethatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.【参考译文】欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受。然而只要我们不放弃社会的选择权，昂贵的东西就不一定只有富人才能享受。如果愿意，我们完全可以使歌剧或其他昂贵的文化形式面向那些个体负担不起的普通大众。但问题是我们为什么要这么做？没有人会否认人类需要吃、住、防卫、健康以及接受教育。但是，即使是在史前时期的洞穴里，人们伸出手来不仅是为了吃饭、喝水或打仗，也有可能是要去画画。对文化的向往，以及通过想象和作品来表达、探索世界是人类的基本愿望。在欧洲，这种愿望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学杰作以及戏剧作品中得到了体现。这些杰作是试金石，通过它们可以看出人们的思想和想象力可能达到的高度，它们所包含的最为深刻的思想可以广泛传播。2.InParis,allthewinepartiesorbuffetreceptionsheldonvariousoccasionsprovideoptimumopportunitiestomakefriendswithallvarietiesofpeople.Whenencounteringastrangeronsuchanoccasion,anAsianwouldinvariablyhandoverhisnamecardtothenewly-metstrangerwithfullreverence,withbothofhishands,evenbeforehestartstoconversewiththestranger.Suchanactseemstohavebecomeanindispensableritual(formality/etiquette).Bycontrast,anaverageFrenchmanseldomtakestheinitiativeto(offersto/volunteersto)presenthisnamecard.Instead,hewouldsimplywalkawayafteranexchangeofroutinegreetingsorevensomeaimless(random/casual)chat.Onlywhenbothsidesbecomedeeplyengrossed(engaged/involved)intheirconversationandhavetheintentiontomakefurtheracquaintancewitheachotherwouldtheyoffertogivetheirnamecards.ItwouldseemsomehowbizarreifaFrenchpersonoffershisnamecardwithoutsayinganythingtothestrangerinthefirstplace.【参考译文】在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往在开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句或是随意聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。如果一个法国人和一个陌生人第一次见面不讲话就递名片，倒有些奇怪。SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish(50marks,25each)1.浪漫主义运动刚刚兴起的时候，人们争论的一个共同话题就是：人究竟是为了爱情还是为了金钱而结婚。年轻人一般比较看重爱情，而父母们则更看重金钱。在那个时期的小说中，这一难题得到了巧妙地解决、读到小说最后一页时，读者发现表面上一文不名的女主人公实际上是大笔财产的继承人。但在现实生活中，年轻人要是指望这样一种结局，多半会失望。【参考译文】Ontheriseoftheromanticmovement,asubjectonwhichpeoplearguestronglywas:peoplegotmarriedoutofloveorofmoney?Youngpeoplegenerallyvaluedlovemore,whileparentsattachedmoreimportanceonmoney.Inthenovelsoftheperiod,thedilemmawasfelicitouslysolvedbythediscovery,onthelastpage,thattheapparentlypennilessheroinewasreallyagreatheiress.Butinreallife,ifyoungpeoplearecountingonsuchanending,theywillprobablygetdisappointed.2.要知道读书时必须要“体会字里行间的意思”，才能学到更多的东西。我想劝告你在读书过程中做同样重要的一件事。我要劝告你“在字里行间评注”。如果你不这样做，就不可能最有效地进行阅读。有两种拥有书的方式。第一是付钱买下，建立财产权，就像你购买衣服和家具。但这种购买行为仅仅是拥有的前奏曲。只有当你使其成为你的一部分，才有全部拥有权，而使它成为自己的一部分的最好方式是阅读时进行字里行间的评注。举个例子可以使这一观点一目了然。你买一块牛排，把他从肉铺的冰柜里转放进你自己的冰柜里。从最重要的意义上讲，你只有食用它，使它融入你的血液里。才真正拥有了这块牛排。我认为书也是这样，只有吸收进你的血液里才会对你有好处。【参考译文】Ifyouwanttolearnmore,youneedto“understandthemeaningbetweenthelines”.ThusIadviseyoutodoanotherequallyimportantthingduringyourreading:trytomakeacommentonsomeimportantlines.Ifyoufailtodoso,youcannotgothroughiteffectively.Therearetwowaystoownbooks.Thefirstoneisyoupurchasethisbookandthenhavetheownershipofit,whichresemblesyourbuyingofclothesandfurniture.However,thisactofpurchaseisonlyastartfor“trulyowningit”andonlyifyouremarkonlineswhenreadingcanyoureallyownthebookforithasbecomeapartofyourknowledge.Let’stakeanexampletoputitclearly:Afteryouhaveboughtapieceofsteak,youputitfromtheshopfreezertoyours.Inthemostimportantsense,onlyifyoueatanddigestitintoyourbodycanyoutrulyownthissteak.Soisthecasewithyourreading.Youbenefitfromitonlyyoucanreallydigestthebook.PartⅡ Writing(50points)Astohowtolearnaboutlife,somepeoplepreferlisteningtoother’sadvicewhilesomepeoplestresstheimportanceofpersonalexperience.Whichwaydoyouthinkhasmoreadvantages?Pleasewriteacompositionofabout400wordsexpressingyouropinions.Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionwithasummary.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriacy.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.WriteyourcompositiononANSWERSHEET.【参考范文】TheBestWaytoLearnAboutLifeAsweallknow,therearevariouswaysforpeopletolearnaboutlife.Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwayoflearningaboutlifeisbylisteningtotheadviceoffamiliesandfriends.Otherpeoplebelievethatthebestwayoflearningaboutlifeisthroughpersonalexperience.Inmyopinion,Ipreferthelatterviewpoint.Bothlearningaboutlifethroughpersonalexperienceandwiththeadviceofotherscanhelpyouintheirownways.Ifyoudon’thavealotofknowledgeaboutsomething,theadviceofpeopleyoutrustcanbeveryvaluable.Theycantellyouabouttheirownexperiences,andanalyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofasituation.Thenyoucanconsideryourowndesiresandneedsanddecidewhatyoushoulddo.Andbeforelongyou’llhavemoreexperienceofyourown.Whenyou’rethinkingaboutwhatyouwanttodowithyourlife,friendsandrelativesareagreatresource.Theycangiveyouinformationaboutthingslikejobs,school,volunteering,andtravelingtootherpartsoftheworld.Becausethey’vedonealotoflearningintheirlives,youcanuseittodecidewhatyouwanttodowithyours.Andyouneedn’tpaymuchforwhatyouaresupposedtolearninstudyandwork.Alltheaboveareadvantagesoflearningaboutlifebylisteningtotheadviceofotherpeople.Insomecases,however,there’snorealsubstituteforpersonalexperience.Forexample,Ireallydon’tliketomakepresentationsinclass.IknowI’llmakemistakes,evenifI’mthoroughlypreparedandknowallaboutmytopic.NothingbutexperiencecanhelpmedealwiththenervousnessIfeel.IknowthatthefeedbackIgetfromtheteacherandfromtheotherstudentswillhelpmelearnfromthosemistakes.AtleastI’mconfidentthatthenextclasspresentationImakewillbemuchbetterthantheformerone.Franklyspeaking,sometimesyouwouldnottakesincereadvicefromyourfriends,foryouaresoyoungthatyouhavearepronetobearrogantaboutthings.Soevenpeoplespeaktoyoumuchabouttheiropinions,youjustletitgoandtot