李观仪《新编英语教程（3）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】

Unit1

一、词汇短语

TextⅠ

1suburb[5sQbE:b]n.ausuallyresidentialareaorcommunityoutlyingacity郊区

2apply[E5plai]v.a)torequestorseekassistance,employment,oradmission提出申请：applyforavisa申请签证；b)toputtooradaptforaspecialuse应用，把…应用于：Sheappliesallhermoneytohermortgage.她将她所有的钱都用来付抵押贷款。c)tocausetoworkhardorwithcarefulattention专心于：Heappliedhimselftohisnewjob.【扩展】application（n.申请；应用）/applicable（adj.可应用的）/applicant（n.申请者）/applied（adj.应用的，实用的）

3degree[dI5^ri:]n.atitlegivenbyauniversity学位：thedegreeofMasterofArts文学硕士学位

4slim[slim]adj.a)smallinquantityoramount微小的，微薄的：slimchancesofsuccess很小的成功机会；b)smallingirthorthicknessinproportiontoheightorlength苗条的，修长的

5summon[5sQmEn]v.tocalltogether;convene召集；召唤：Thegeneralsummonedallhisofficers.将军把所有的军官召集在一起。

6interview[5intEvju:]n.aformalmeetinginperson,especiallyonearrangedfortheassessmentofthequalificationsofanapplicant面试

7awkward[5C:kwEd]adj.a)causingdifficulty,embarrassmentorinconvenience造成困难、尴尬或不便的：anawkwardseriesofbendsintheroad路上一连串难走的弯；b)embarrassed尴尬的，难为情的：anawkwardremark令人窘迫的评论

8dreary[5driEri]adj.boring,dull单调乏味的：drearytasks枯燥的任务

9gabled[`^eIbld]adj.havingoneormoregables有山墙的：agabledhouse有山墙的房子

10sash-window框格窗，上下拉动的窗awindowconsistingoftwoframesthatyouopenbyslidingoneupordown,behindorinfrontoftheother

11gravel[5^rAvEl]n.smallstones,usedtomakeasurfaceforpaths,roadsetc砂砾

12evergreen[5evE^ri:n]adj.persistandremaingreenthroughouttheyear常青的，常绿的：Thereisasmallevergreenshrubonthehillside.山腰上有一小块常绿灌木丛。

13shrub[FrQb]n.asmallbushwithseveralwoodystems灌木

14survive[sE5vaiv]v.toliveorpersistthrough从困境中活过来或挺过来：Theseplantsthatcansurvivefrosts.这些植物能够历经寒霜而存活。

15fume[fju:m]n.vapor,gas,orsmoke,especiallyifirritating,harmful,orstrong尤指有害、浓烈或难闻的气体或烟：Shefeltsickfrombreathinginpaintfumes.她因吸入油漆气味而感到恶心。

16rotund[rEu5tQnd]adj.roundedinfigure;plump圆形的；胖乎乎的：alargerotundman一个又高又胖的人

17moustache[mEs5tB:F]n.anunshavedgrowthofhairontheupperlip胡子

18freckle[5frekl]n.smallbrownspotsonsomeone’sskin,especiallyontheirface雀斑，斑点

19tweed[twi:d]n.clothwovenfromthreadsofdifferentcolours,usedmostlytomakejackets,suits,andcoats斜纹软呢，斜纹软呢服

20ample[5Ampl]adj.oflargeorgreatsize,amount,extent,orcapacity尺寸、数量、范围或体积很大的：anamplelivingroom宽敞的起居室；【扩展】amplifyv.放大；增强/amplifiern.扩音器，放大器/amplituden.广阔；振幅

21loop[lu:p]v.fastenorjoinsthwithalooporloops打环扣系住某物

22disapproval[7disE5pru:vEl]n.theactofdisapproving不赞成

23colonel[5kE:nl]n.ahighrankinthearmy,Marines,ortheUSairforce上校

24private[5praivit]adj.notavailableforpublicuse,control,orparticipation私人的，私有的：aprivateparty私人聚会；n.soldierofthelowestrank士兵

25bootlace[`bU:tleIs]n.ashoelace鞋带

26stale[steil]adj.havinglostfreshness,effervescence,orpalatability变味的，不新鲜的：stalebread变味的面包

27dingy[5dindVi]adj.darkenedwithsmokeandgrime;dirtyordiscolored暗黑的，褪色的：Itwasastreetofdingyhouseshuddledtogether.这是一条挤满了破旧房子的街巷。

28scar[skB:]v.tomarkwithascar使有疤痕：Hishandswerebadlyscarredbythefire.他的手因为被火烧过而留下伤疤。

29crumb[krQm]n.averysmallpiecebrokenfromabakeditem碎屑：Sweepupthecrumbs,please.请把面包屑擦掉。

30mantelpiece[5mAnt(E)lpi:s]n.awoodenorstoneshelfwhichisthetoppartofaframesurroundingafireplace壁炉架，壁炉的前饰

31cellar[5selE]n.aroomunderahouseorotherbuilding,oftenusedforstoringthings地窖，地下室

32proceed[prE5si:d]vi.a)tobeginandcontinue(somecourseofaction)进行，开始行动：Nowthatourplansaresettled,letusproceed(todoit).既然计划已制定，我们开始实施吧。b)startedtogoforwardoronward,especiallyafteraninterruption继续下去：Hepausedtoconsulthisnotes,andthenproceededwithhisquestions.他停下来看了看笔记，然后继续提问。c)tomoveinaparticulardirection向…进发：后常接介词或副词to/towards/into等【搭配】proceedfromsth.源于某物；proceedagainstsb.起诉某人。另外，应注意不要将其和precede（v.领先于）相混淆

33bloodshot[5blQdFRt]adj.(ofaneye)reddenedasaresultoflocallycongestedbloodvessels;inflamed充血的，布满血丝的：Iftheeyesareseverelystrained,theybecomebloodshot.如果眼睛过于疲劳就会充血。

34vital[5vaitl]adj.urgentlyneeded;absolutelynecessary至关重要的：Thismatterisofvitalimportancetous.这件事对我们来说至关重要。【扩展】vitalize/5vaItElaIz/v.赋予生命力/vitality/vai5tAliti/n.生命力，活力

35mumble[5mQmbl]v.toutterindistinctlybyloweringthevoiceorpartiallyclosingthemouth:咕哝：mumbledaninsincereapology含糊地说出无诚意的道歉

36grunt[^rQnt]v.toutterasoundsimilartoagrunt发哼声：Hegruntedasthebullethithim.子弹击中他时他疼得哼出声来。

37singularly[5sIN^jJlElI]adv.a)noticeably显而易见地：It’sasingularlyfoolishplan.这显然是个愚蠢的计划。b)strangely,peculiarly,inanunusualway异乎寻常地：Ishemad?He’scertainlybehavingsingularly.他疯了吗？他行为肯定不正常。

38appall[E5pC:l]vt.tofillwithconsternationordismay使惊恐，使惊骇：Theywereappalledbythereportsofthenuclearwar.他们被核战争的报道吓坏了。

39dismay[dis5mei]v.todestroythecourageorresolutionofbyexcitingdreadorapprehension使惊恐，使丧气：Thethoughtthatshemightfailthehistorytestdismayedher.想到历史可能考不及格时，她很沮丧。

33incompetent[in5kCmpitEnt]adj.nothavingorshowingthenecessaryskillstodosthsuccessfully不胜任的，不称职的

40tramp[trAmp]v.a)towalkwithheavyornoisysteps重踏步行走，跺着脚行走：Wecouldhearhimtrampingaboutupstairs.我们可以听见他在楼上噔噔地走来走去。b)totravelacross(anarea)onfoot,esp.foralongdistanceandoftenwearily步行经过（一地区）（尤指长途且疲惫不堪）：trampoverthemoors徒步越过高沼地

41crocodile[5krCkEdail]n.a)longlineofschoolchildrenwalkinginpairs两人一排，成纵列行进的学童；b)鳄鱼

42diffident[5difidEnt]adj.lackingormarkedbyalackofself-confidence;shyandtimid缺乏自信的，羞怯的和胆小的：Hehasapolitelydiffidentmanner.他的态度是客气中带有羞怯。

43protest[prE5test]v.toobjectto,especiallyinaformalstatement对…提出异议，反对：Heprotestedthedecisionmadebythecommittee.他抗议委员会做出的决议。

44constitute[5kCnstitju:t]vt.tobetheelementsorpartsof;compose构成，组成：Twelvemonthsconstituteayear.12个月为一年。【扩展】constitutionn.构成方式，构造；宪法，章程

45ultimate[5Qltimit]adj.beinglastinaseries,process,orprogression最终的，最后的

TextⅡ

1random[5rAndEm]adj.happeningorchosenwithoutanydefiniteplan,aim,orpattern任意的；胡乱的，随机的：ThesurveyusedarandomsampleoftwothousandpeopleacrosstheMidwest.这项调查使用的是对中西部地区2000人的随机取样。【搭配】atrandom胡乱地；随便地；任意地；randomsampling随机抽样；随意采样

2signal[5si^nl]n.asoundoranactionthatyoumakeinordertogiveinformationtosomeoneortellthemtodosomething信号；vt.tomakeasoundoranactioninordertogiveinformationortellsomeonetodosomething标志；用信号通知；表示：HeseemedtobesignalingimportantshiftsinU.S.governmentpolicy.他似乎在表示美国政府的政策将会有些重大变化【搭配】signalto(打手势或发声音)向…示意；发信号

3victim[5viktim]n.someonewhohasbeenattacked,robbed,ormurdered受害人，牺牲者：Hewasavictimofracialprejudice.他是种族偏见的一个牺牲品。【搭配】fallvictimto成为…的牺牲品；成为…的受害者

4conservative[kEn5sE:vEtiv]adj.notlikingchangesornewideas保守的，传统的：Peopletendtobemoreliberalwhenthey’reyoungandmoreconservativeastheygetolder.人们在年轻时常常更开放，年纪越大就越保守。n.someonewhodoesnotlikechangesinpolitics,ideas,orfashion保守派，守旧派

5spy[spai]n.someonewhosejobistofindoutsecretinformationaboutanothercountry,organization,orgroup间谍，密探；vi.secretlycollectinformationaboutanenemycountryoranorganizationyouarecompetingagainst侦察；当间谍【搭配】spyon暗中监视；侦查；spyouttheland侦察地形；查看情况，观察形势(或情况)；spyout秘密监视

6prospective[prEs5pektiv]adj.likelytohappen预期的，可能发生的：Thestoryshouldactasawarningtootherprospectivebuyers.这篇报道应该可以对其他可能的购买者起到警告作用。

7groom[^rum,^ru:m]n.abridegroom新郎；vt.totakecareofyourownappearancebykeepingyourhairandclothescleanandtidy修饰，打扮：Keepyourselfwellgroomed.把你自己打扮得整洁些。

8odor[5EudE]n.asmell,especiallyanunpleasantone气味：Ismelledtheodorofmoney.我闻到了一股铜臭气。【拓展】adj.odorless没有气味的；odorous香的；有气味的；难闻的

9stain[stein]vt.a）toaccidentallymakeamarkonsomething玷污；败坏；Hissheetwasstainedwithbloodrunningfromhisnose.他的床单沾满了他的鼻血。b)tochangethecolorofsomething染，给…着色；n.amarkthatisdifficulttoremove污点，瑕疵【拓展】adj.stainless不锈的；纯洁的；无瑕疵的；stained玷污的；着色的；stainable可染色的

10sloppy[5slCpi]adj.a)notdonecarefullyorthoroughly草率的，粗心的：Hehaslittlepatienceforsloppyworkfromcolleagues.他无法忍耐同事们马虎的工作。b)sloppyclothesareloose-fitting,untidy,ordirty肥大的，不整洁的

11slouch[slautF]vi.tostand,sit,orwalkwithaslouch无精打采地坐;无精打采地站：Trynottoslouchwhenyouaresittingdown.你坐下时尽量不要无精打采。【拓展】slouchy懒散的；没精打采的

12wander[5wCndE]v.towalkslowlyacrossoraroundanarea徘徊；漫步：Whenhegotboredhewanderedaroundthefair.烦闷时，他便在集市上四处闲逛。【搭配】wanderoff漫步；漫游；离群走散；wanderabout徘徊；流浪；漫步；wanderfrom离题

13cement[si5ment]n.agreypowdermadefromlimeandclaythatbecomeshardwhenitismixedwithwaterandallowedtodry,andthatisusedinbuilding水泥vt.tomakearelationshipbetweenpeople,countries,ororganizationsfirmandstrong加强，巩固：Nothingcementsafriendshipbetweencountriessomuchastrade.没有任何东西能比贸易更能巩固国家间的友谊了。

14launch[lC:ntF,lB:ntF]vt.a)tostartsomething,usuallysthbigorimportant发起，发动；b)tosendaweaponorspacecraftintotheskyorintospace发射n.whenanewproduct,booketcismadeavailableormadeknown发行【搭配】launchon开始；着手；launchinto进入，投入；launchpad发射台

15trait[treit]n.aparticularqualityinsomeone’scharacter特征，特点：The