隋铭才《英语国家概况》配套题库【课后习题＋章节题库（含名校考研真题）＋模拟试题】

模块一课后习题

第一部分英国、美国

第1章英美社会生活

AnswertheQuestions.

1WhyisitsodifficulttodescribethesociallifeintheUKandintheUSAingeneral?

Key:Becausetherearesimilaritiesinboth,yetdifferencescanbeseennotonlyintermsofthesociallifewithineachcountry,butalsointhecontrastofthesociallifebetweenthetwocountries.

2WhatarethefiveaccountsintheexplanationofsociallifeintheUK?

Key:(1)ThetwodistinctionsintheBritishsociety.

(2)ThedifferentlifestylesinEngland,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIrelandinwhichthediversifiedlifeisemphasized.

(3)Thewelfareprogramme.

(4)ThehighstandardoflivingoftheBritishpeople.

(5)Theconcentrationofpopulation.

3WhatarethefiveaccountsintheexplanationofsociallifeintheUSA?HowdoyouliketheaccountsintermsofsociallifeintheUKandintheUSArespectively?

Key:(1)Thediversityofitspeople.

(2)The“nuclearfamily”.

(3)Thegapbetweenthepoorandtherich.

(4)Thesocialconcerns,premaritalsexualrelationshipsandhomosexuality.

(5)ViolenceintheUSA.

Ithinktheaccountsareverygood.Itmakesusveryclearofthesociallifeinthesetwocountries.

4WhyistherateofdivorceintheUSAhigh?Whatisyourview?

Key:Ithinktheremustbesomerelationshipwiththesexmorality.Alotofyoungmenandwomenbegantolivetogetherandhavesexwithdifferentpeoplebeforegettingmarried.Ratherthansaytheirmarriageisbasedonlove,we’dbettersayitisbasedonsex.Marriagewithoutlovecan’tlastlong.

5Whatdoyouthinkexplainsthegapbetweenthepoorandtherich?

Key:Thedifferencebetweentherichandthepoorisgreatbecauseofthesocialsystem.

6ImaginehowdifferentlifeisbetweenaMuslimwomaninScotlandandaChristianmaninLondonanddiscussthedifferences.

Key:First,theirclotheswillbequitedifferent,becausetheyhavedifferentbeliefs.Second,theiraccentwillalsobedifferentfromeachother,whichisdecidedbythepersonitselfandtheplacetheylive.Thirdly,theybothhavetheirdifferentdialects.

第2章英美教育

AnswertheQuestions

1ComparetheprimaryeducationoftheUKwiththatoftheUSA.

Key:USA:IntheUnitedStatesofAmericamanychildrenbegintheirschooleducationattheageofsix.Moststateschoolsoffertenyearsofeducationandsomeoffertwelve.Studentsusuallygraduatefromhighschoolattheageof18.Five-year-oldchildrenhaveoneyearofpreschooltraininginmanyschools.Theacademicyearlastsninemonths,fromSeptembertoJune,withwinterandspringvacations.Classesareheldfivedaysaweek,fromMondaytoFriday.

Inprimaryschools,coursesforchildrenincludereading,writingandtherearealsosocialcourses(suchashistory,geography,andcivicsofgovernment),science,artandmusic.Studentscanalsolearncookingandmanualskillssuchascarpentryandsewing.Theycandophysicalexercisesontheplaygroundoringymnasiums.

UK:IntheUK,thereisacompletesystemofstateprimaryandsecondaryeducation—primaryuptotheageofeleven,andsecondaryfromeleventosixteenoreighteen.Allchildrenmustbylawreceivefull-timeeducationfromtheageoffivetosixteen.Anychildmayattendwithoutpayingfeesuntiltheyareeighteen.Educationatthisstageupto16iscompulsory.

Inadditiontherearequiteanumberofeducationalinstitutionsforalltheschoolagesthataresupportedentirelybyfeesandprivatefunds.Thesearetheindependentor“public”schools.ThereisalsoprivateeducationinBritain

2ComparethesecondaryeducationoftheUKwiththatoftheUSA.

Key:USA:Whenapupilhasfinishedhisprimarymiddleschooleducation,hegoestohighschoolautomatically.Thereisnoentranceexam.Inhighschool,astudentwillstudyEnglishliteratureandcomposition,socialscience,mathematics,laboratoryexperimentsandforeignlanguages,aswellasart,musicandphysicaleducation.

Inmosthighschools,inadditiontogeneraleducation,thereisalsovocationaltrainingforspecificoccupations.Throughthiskindoftraining,studentsmayobtainenoughskillstoworkassecretaries,orautomobilemechanics,etc.aftergraduation.Asforthehandicappedchildren(blind,deaf,crippled,etc.)specialprogrammesareprovidedinsomeschools.

Ahighschoolteacherhasusuallymajoredinthefieldofhisspecialinterestandinaddition,hemayhaveaMAdegreeineducation.

UK:IntheUKtherearetwocompletesecondaryeducationsystems:thestateschoolsandthe“public”schools.Insecondaryschoolstheircurriculaaredeterminedbystandardexaminationsrequiredforuniversityentrance.Pupilsusuallystudy6or7subjects:English,FrenchandGerman,mathematics,twosciencesandhistory,butdifferenttypesofschoolshavedifferentemphases.

Atthisstageofeducation,therearevariousschools:grammarschools,comprehensivesecondaryschools,technicalschools,secondarymodernschoolsand“public”schools.Thefirstfourschoolsbelongtothestatesystem,whilepublicschoolsbelongtothecategoryoftheindependentschools.Veryfewgrammarschoolsandsecondaryschoolsbelongtotheoldsystem.Alltheseschoolsaretheproductsofvariousperiodsinhistory.

3MakeacontrastbetweenthehighereducationintheUKandthatoftheUSA.

Key:USA:TherearethreetypesofinstitutionsofhighereducationintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thefirsttypeisthetwo-yearcollege,originallycalleda“juniorcollege”.Nowitisnameda“communitycollege”,whichservesasabridgethatconnectssecondaryschoolsanduniversities.Thesecondisthefour-yearcollege,oftencalleda“liberalartscollege”ora“collegeofartsandscience”.FinallyistheAmericanuniversity,whichisaninstitution,morecomprehensiveandcomplexthananyotherkindofUShighereducationalestablishment.Therearetwokindsofmaster’sdegree.Onerequiresadissertationpaper,whichcountsforacertainnumberofcreditsthatusuallyconstitutepartofthedegreeprogramme.Anotherkinddoesn’trequireadissertationpaper,butmorecreditsarerequiredintheprocessofstudy.Anoralorwrittenexaminationmayalsoberequiredforthedegreethatdoesn’trequireadissertationpaper.

UK:ThereareoverfortyuniversitiesinBritain.Theycanbedividedintofivetypes.Firstofall,the“olduniversities”referstoOxfordandCambridgewhichweretheonlytwouniversitiesinEnglanduntilthenineteenthcentury.ThefourScottishuniversities,whichcameintoexistenceinthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturiesarethesecondtypeofuniversityintheUK.Theuniversitiesfoundedfrom1830to1930arethethirdcategories.ThefourthtypeisthegroupofuniversitiesoruniversitycollegeswhichsprangupaftertheSecondWorldWarinthenot-too-large,butnot-too-smallindustrialtowns.ThelastistheOpenUniversity*,whichwasfoundedin1969andisamostinterestinginnovationofhighereducation.

4MakeacontrastbetweenthepublicschoolintheUKandtheprivateschoolatthehighschoollevelintheUSA.

Key:IntheUnitedKingdom,theterm“stateschool”referstogovernment-fundedschoolswhichprovideeducationfreeofchargetopupils.Thecontrasttothisisfee-payingschools,suchas“independent(orprivate)schools”and“publicschools”.

InEnglandandWales,theterm“publicschool”isoftenusedtorefertofee-payingschools.InScotland,wheretheeducationalsystemiscompletelydifferentfromtherestofUK,theterm“publicschool”inScottishEnglishandScottishonlyusedtodescribeScottishstatefundedschools(sincetheyarepubliclyowned) –although,inthemediapreferenceisnowbeinggiventotheterm“statefundedschool”toavoidconfusionwiththeEnglishterm.However,Scottishpeoplewillsometimesusetheterm“publicschool”whenreferringtoaprivateschoollocatedinEngland.TheScottishtermforwhatisknownintherestoftheUKasa“publicschool”is“privateschool”or“independentschool”.Useof“publicschool”todenotestatefundedschoolswithinScotlandissometimesconfusingforspeakersofEnglishfromotherpartsoftheUK.TheScottishuseofthetermhasfoundfavourabroad,particularlyintheUnitedStatesandCanada.

USAprivateschool:IntheUnitedStates,theterm“privateschool”canbecorrectlyappliedtoanyschoolforwhichthefacilitiesandfundingarenotprovidedbythefederal,stateorlocalgovernment;asoppos